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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Epidemiology of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in the Mbam and Sanaga river valleys of Cameroon: impact of more than 13 years of ivermectin

Dataset contains information collected during door-to-door epilepsy surveys in onchocerciasis-endemic villages of Cameroon.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Immunosuppression and senescence in dung beetles exposed to ivermectin

Immunosuppression and premature senescence are main risks of exposure to toxic compounds that might define individual longevity and the fate of natural animal populations. However, these sublethal effects have not been studied in insects that are of fundamental importance for human economy and well-being such as dung beetles. We exposed adult dung beetles Euoniticellus intermedius to ivermectin, a commonly used antiparasitic drug in cattle that is excreted in dung, and measured immune activity through phenoloxidase (PO) and its zymogen, prophenoloxidase (proPO), in males and females of different ages. We predicted that both ivermectin exposure and age would reduce immune activity, with the negative effect of ivermectin being more pronounced in older individuals, revealing immunosenescence. Despite PO and proPO activities decreased with age and ivermectin exposure, ivermectin effects on these immune mechanisms were mainly constant across ages, revealing that immunosenescence is not an effect of ivermectin exposure. Whereas males suffered a reduction in PO and proPO with ivermectin and age, female proPO was not affected by ivermectin or age. This potentially reveals a strategy of self-care adopted by females to prioritize immune function when facing stressful conditions. Among sublethal effects caused by ivermectin in dung beetles, immunosuppression might be a main physiological driver of population declines in non-target beneficial fauna from contaminated environments.

Fig. 5 in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM

Fig. 5 Mean daily biting rates ± 1 standard error (SE) at the four collection sites based on three collection days each month. Biting rates were highest at the two riverside sites (Bayomen and Nyamongo I) and decreased with increasing distance from the river

Fig. 1 in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM

Fig. 1 Map of the study area showing adult and larval blackfly collection sites and dissection stations in relation to the Mbam river. Grey arrows show the direction of river flow and the inset map shows the location of the study area (black star) in Cameroon

Fig. 2 in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM

Fig. 2 Historical rainfall and river discharge for Bafia and the lower Mbam river. Bars show mean monthly rainfall (mm) ± 1 standard error (SE) at Bafia for years 1930–1994 [26]; dashed line shows mean monthly river discharge (m3/s) ± 1 standard error (SE) for years 1952–80 for the Goura gauge located on the Mbam river ≈25 km SE of Bafia (4.56703°N, 11.36740°E) [27]

Fig. 4 in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM

Fig. 4 Polytene chromosomes of S. squamosum E2 and S. mengense showing a chromosome 1 of S. squamosum E2 with fixed inversions 1S-1 and 1L-3, and inversion 1L-57 which was fixed in the specimens examined, b part of chromosome 3 of S. squamosum E2 male showing sex-linked band dimorphism 3C-Sp and sex-linked heterozygous inversion 3L/82 present in 19/20 male specimens examined,'b'= blister, and c chromosome 1 of S. mengense showing expanded centromere 1CER

Fig. 7 in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM

Fig. 7 Results of pool screening showing maximum likelihood estimate of the percentage of S. damnosum s.l. possessing L3 larvae in their heads (± 95% CI) based on black flies collected over the 12-month sampling period. The number above the bar denotes the maximum likelihood point estimate for each site

Fig. 3 in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM

Fig. 3 Head and thorax of late-instar larvae showing a S. squamosum E2, and b S. mengense with arrow pointing to tuft of hair-like scales on the anterior dorsum of the thorax

Fig. 6 Seasonal parasite transmission along the lower Mbam river showing a in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM

Fig. 6 Seasonal parasite transmission along the lower Mbam river showing a combined parity and infection rates for flies dissected at Bayomen and Nyamongo I riverside sites (L1–L2 = percentage of flies infected with developing parasite stages only, L3H = percentage of flies containing L3 stages in the head), and b monthly transmission potentials at Bayomen, Nyamongo I, and Egona II estimated based on dissection data only. Ondouano not shown since no larvae were found in dissected flies

Fig. 3 in Considering ivermectin for treatment of schistosomiasis

Fig. 3 Liver histology of schistosome-infected mice treated with ivermectin or artemisone on days 21, 22, 41, and 42 postinfection

Fig. 4 in Considering ivermectin for treatment of schistosomiasis

Fig. 4 Liver transverse sections of schistosome-infected mice treated with ivermectin, DMSO vehicle, or artemisone on days 21, 22, 41, and 42 postinfection

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Topical ivermectin is a highly effective seal 'spot-on': A randomised trial of hookworm and lice treatment in the endangered Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea)

Fig. 1. Flow diagram of the trial course showing pup recruitment and recapture count for the three experimental groups for each of the three colony visits. P1 = time between recruitment and first recapture; P2 = time between first recapture and second recapture. Observation of deceased pups is shown relative to (i.e., before or after) the pup's sampling at that visit.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Ivercori Dataset and dictionary. Ivermectin impact in COVID-19 pneumonia mortality and need of respiratory support

Dataset of IVERCORI and variables dictionary. IVERCORI is a propensity matched score retrospective study that analyses the impact of ivermectin in COVID-19 pneumonia in-hospital mortality and need of respiratory support:

ClinicalTrials.gov40/100

Repeat Ivermectin Mass Drug Administrations for MALaria Control II

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03967054. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

Fig. 1 in Considering ivermectin for treatment of schistosomiasis

Fig. 1 Effects of ivermectin delivered by gavage on different days postinfection

Scheme 1 in Considering ivermectin for treatment of schistosomiasis

Scheme 1 Chemical structures

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Ivermectin as an adjuvant to anti-epileptic treatment in persons with onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy: a randomized proof-of-concept clinical trial

Open dataset  for a proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial with a four month follow-up period was conducted to investigate whether ivermectin had an added value in decreasing the frequency of seizures in onchocerciasis-infected persons with epilepsy (PWE). The 90 PWE with epilepsy were randomly allocated to the treatment arms: phenobarbital + ivermectin (n = 44) or phenobarbital alone (n = 46). Two weeks after randomization, a follow-up visit was scheduled to assess the early treatment outcomes and potential side effects of AED. After the second week visit, PWE had to report to the health center for further follow-up consultations by the project nurses and medical doctors, scheduled at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months. By March 2018, 89 (99%) participants in both arms attended the final follow-up visit. The trial was conducted in five onchocerciasis-endemic villages within the Logo health zone in the Ituri province, DRC: Draju, Kanga, Wala, Ulyeko and Thedeja.  At baseline, information was collected on seizure semiology, seizure frequency, epilepsy risk factors, relevant medical history, previous AED and ivermectin use. Weight and height measurements were carried out on all participants, followed by a complete physical and neurological examination performed by one of the medical doctors who had been trained in epilepsy, or by the neurologist. Cognitive impairment was assessed by determining whether the participant was well oriented in time and place, whether he/she could remember his/her name, was coherent in speech, and was obedient to orders; abnormal behaviour such as unexplained aggressive attitudes and/or wandering episodes were also noted.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Supplementary File_Ivermectin_Risk of Bias Excel Tool (Version 1)

Supplementary material (Risk of Bias Excel Tool (Version 1)) for the Cochrane Review "Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID-19".

dryad36/100

Does ivermectin treatment for endemic hookworm infection alter the gut microbiota of endangered Australian sea lion pups?

The gut microbiota is essential for the development and maintenance of the hosts' immune system. Disturbances to the gut microbiota in early life stages can result in long-lasting impacts on host health. This study aimed to determine if topical ivermectin treatment for endemic hookworm (Uncinaria sanguinis) infection in endangered Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) pups resulted in gut microbial changes. The gut microbiota was characterised for untreated (control) (n = 23) and treated (n = 23) Australian sea lion pups sampled during the 2019 and 2020/21 breeding seasons at Seal Bay, Kangaroo Island. Samples were collected pre- and post-treatment on up to four occasions over a four-to-five-month period. The gut microbiota of untreated (control) and treated pups in both seasons were dominated by five bacterial phyla, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroides. A significant difference in alpha diversity between treatment groups was seen in pups sampled during the 2020/21 breeding season (p = 0.008), with higher richness and diversity in treated pups. Modeling the impact of individual pup identification (ID), capture, pup weight (kg), standard length (cm), age, and sex on beta diversity revealed that pup ID accounted for most of the variation (35% in 2019 and 42% in 2020/21), with pup ID, capture, and age being the only significant contributors to microbial variation (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the composition of the microbiota between treatment groups in both the 2019 and 2020/21 breeding seasons, indicating that topical ivermectin treatment did not alter the composition of the gut microbiota. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterise the gut microbiota of free-ranging Australian pinniped pups, compare the composition across multiple time points, and consider the impact of parasitic treatment on the overall diversity and microbial composition of the gut microbiota. Importantly, the lack of compositional changes in the gut microbiota with topical ivermectin treatment supports the utility of topical ivermectin as a safe and minimally invasive management strategy to enhance pup survival in this endangered species.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →