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16 results for “jaw joint”
OPT data from: A novel cis-regulatory element drives early expression of Nkx3.2 in the gnathostome primary jaw joint
<p><span>The acquisition of movable jaws was a major event during vertebrate evolution. The role of NK3 homeobox 2 (Nkx3.2) transcription factor in patterning the primary jaw joint of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) is well known, however, knowledge about its regulatory mechanism is lacking. In this study, we report a proximal enhancer element of <em>Nkx3.2</em> that is deeply conserved in most gnathostomes but undetectable in the jawless hagfish and lamprey. This enhancer is active in the developing jaw joint region of the zebrafish <em>Danio rerio</em>, and was thus designated as <em>jaw joint regulatory sequence 1</em> (JRS1). We further show that JRS1 enhancer sequences from a range of gnathostome species, including a chondrichthyan and mammals, have the same activity in the jaw joint as the native zebrafish enhancer, indicating a high degree of functional conservation despite the divergence of cartilaginous and bony fish lineages or the transition of the primary jaw joint into the middle ear of mammals. Finally, we show that deletion of JRS1 from the zebrafish genome using CRISPR/Cas9 results in a significant reduction of early gene expression of <em>Nkx3.2</em> and leads to transient jaw joint deformation and partial fusion. The emergence of this <em>Nkx3.2 </em>enhancer in early gnathostomes may have contributed to the origin and shaping of the articulating surfaces of vertebrate jaws.</span></p>
Growth orientations, rather than heterogeneous growth rates, dominate jaw joint morphogenesis in the larval zebrafish
<p>Supplementary material for paper entitled "Growth orientations, rather than heterogeneous growth rates, dominate jaw joint morphogenesis in the larval zebrafish".</p> <p>Raw data, scripts, models and results are made available along with supplementary figures.</p>
OPT data from: A novel cis-regulatory element drives early expression of Nkx3.2 in the gnathostome primary jaw joint
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Data from: The roles of joint tissues and jaw muscles in palatal biomechanics of the Savannah monitor (Varanus exanthematicus) and their significance for cranial kinesis
Many vertebrates exhibit cranial kinesis, or movement between bones of the skull other than at the jaw joint. Many kinetic species possess a particular suite of features to accomplish this movement, including flexible cranial joints and protractor musculature. Whereas the skeletal anatomy of these kinetic systems is well understood, how these joints are biomechanically loaded, how different soft tissues affect joint loading and kinetic capacity, and how the protractor musculature loads the skull remain poorly understood. Here we developed a Finite Element Model of the savannah monitor, Varanus exanthematicus, a modestly kinetic lizard, to better elucidate the roles of soft tissue in mobile joints and protractor musculature on cranial loading. We described the 3D resultants of jaw muscles and histology of palatobasal, otic and jaw joints. We tested the effects of joint tissue types, bite point, and muscle loads to evaluate the biomechanical role of muscles have on the palate and braincase. We found the jaw muscles have significant mediolateral components and resultants that can impart stability across palatocranial joints. We found articular tissues affect the magnitude of strains experienced across the palatobasal and otic joints. We found that without protractor muscle loading, the palate, quadrate and braincase experience higher strains suggesting this muscle helps insulate the braincase and palatoquadrate from high loads. Finally, we found the cross-sectional properties of the bones of Varanus exanthematicus is well suited for performing under torsional loads. These findings suggest that torsion may be a significant driver in the evolution of cranial kinesis in lepidosaurs.
Arthroscopy of the Temporomandibular Joint. On Jaw Mobility, Pain and HRQoL
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06433154. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effect of Functional Treatment of Patients With Backward Positioned Chins on the Jaw Joint and Movements
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03645343. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Data from: The roles of joint tissues and jaw muscles in palatal biomechanics of the Savannah monitor (Varanus exanthematicus) and their significance for cranial kinesis
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nkx3.2 mutant zebrafish accommodate jaw joint loss through a phenocopy of the head shapes of Paleozoic jawless fish
The vertebrate jaw is a versatile feeding apparatus. To function, it requires a joint between the upper and lower jaws, so jaw joint defects are often highly disruptive and difficult to study. To describe the consequences of jaw-joint dysfunction, we engineered two independent null alleles of a single jaw-joint marker gene, <i>nkx3.2</i>, in zebrafish. These mutations caused zebrafish to become functionally jawless via fusion of the upper and lower jaw cartilages (ankylosis). Despite lacking jaw joints, <i>nkx3.2</i> mutants survived to adulthood and accommodated this defect by: a) remodeling their skulls; and b) altering their behavior from suction feeding to ram feeding. As a result, <i>nkx3.2</i> mutants developed skull shapes superficially similar to those observed in two lineages of ancient jawless vertebrates (anaspids and furcacaudiid thelodonts), including: a fixed open gape, reduced snout, and enlarged branchial region. However, no homology exists in individual skull elements between these taxa, and most of the modified elements in the mutant zebrafish occur outside known expression domains of <i>nkx3.2</i>. Therefore, we interpret the adult <i>nkx3.2</i> phenotype not as a reversal to an ancestral state, but as convergence due to similar functional requirements of feeding without moveable jaws. This remarkable convergence strongly suggests that jaw movements themselves dramatically influence the development of jawed vertebrate skulls. Thus, these mutants provide a unique model with which to: a) investigate adaptive responses to perturbation in skeletal development; b) re-evaluate evolutionarily inspired interpretations of phenocopies generated by gene knockdowns and knockouts; and c) gain insights into feeding mechanics of the extinct agnathans.
nkx3.2 mutant zebrafish accommodate jaw joint loss through a phenocopy of the head shapes of Paleozoic jawless fish
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scRNAseq gene expression profile of zebrafish jaw joint cells after complete resection of the synovial jaw joint
GEO Series GSE283763. Danio rerio. 15 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
scRNAseq gene expression profile of zebrafish jaw joint cells after IOM ligament transection.
GEO Series GSE224197. Danio rerio. 10 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Single Cell Analysis of adult zebrafish jaw joint
GEO Series GSE184403. Danio rerio. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Transcriptional analysis of alveolar bone, jaw and ankle joint in inflammatory arthritis
GEO Series GSE286871. Mus musculus. 24 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Denosumab Related Osteonecrossi of the Jaw : : an Emergent and Potentially Complex Bone and Joint Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03808285. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Effectiveness of Different Therapeutic Jaw Position Determining Methods in Repositioning Splint Therapy for Temporomandibular Joint Disk Displacement Without Reduction：A Randomized Controlled Clin
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07090772. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Investigation of the Effects of Different Treatment Approaches in Jaw (Temporomandibular) Joint Disorders
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07392671. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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