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36 results for “karyotype evolution”
Fig. 3. Metacentric chromosomal pair 1 in The role of chromosomal fusion in the karyotypic evolution of the genus Ageneiosus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae)
Fig. 3. Metacentric chromosomal pair 1 (a) stained with Giemsa, (b) C-banded and (c) hybridized with [TTAGGG]n. The schematic illustration in (d) represents the possible fusion rearrangement which originated this pair.
Fig. 2 in The role of chromosomal fusion in the karyotypic evolution of the genus Ageneiosus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae)
Fig. 2. Karyotype of Ageneiosus inermis hybridized with (a) 5S rDNA (digoxigenin, red) and 18S rDNA (FITC, green). Metaphases of Ageneiosus inermis hybridized with (b) [TTAGGG]n telomeric sequence and with (d) [GATA]n repeats. The arrows indicate the metacentric chromosomal pair 1, which was originated by fusion.
Fig. 1 in The role of chromosomal fusion in the karyotypic evolution of the genus Ageneiosus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae)
Fig. 1. Karyotypes of Ageneiosus inermis stained with Giemsa (a) and sequentially C-banded (b). The AgNORs bearing chromosomes pair is presented in the box.
Fig. 3 in Molecular and cytogenetic analyses of cryptic species within the Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 (Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae) grouping: species delimitations, karyotypic evolution and intraspecific diversification
Fig. 3. Representative ideograms of the analyzed karyomorphs of Synbranchus marmoratus showing the heterochromatic blocks, as determined by C-banding, and hybridization patterns of ribosomal sites.
Fig. 1. A in Molecular and cytogenetic analyses of cryptic species within the Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 (Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae) grouping: species delimitations, karyotypic evolution and intraspecific diversification
Fig. 1. A map showing the Synbranchus marmoratus specimen collection sites. Numbers indicate the sample locality, whereas symbols represent the karyomorphs found at each locality.
Fig. 4. A in Molecular and cytogenetic analyses of cryptic species within the Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 (Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae) grouping: species delimitations, karyotypic evolution and intraspecific diversification
Fig. 4. A dendrogram representing the relationship between the sampled Synbranchus marmoratus specimens based on the mitochondrial 16S, COI and Cyt B genes. The colors represent each of the characterized karyomorphs, and the groups (IA, IB, IC, ID and II) used as references are shown on the right side. Bootstrap support (>50%) are given above the branches. Diploid numbers of the samples are given along the branches. 2n=46* Diploid number of Ophisternon aenigmaticum (Nirchio et al., 2011).
RAD-SEQ LINKAGE MAPPING AND PATTERNS OF SEGREGATION DISTORTION IN SEDGES: MEIOSIS AS A DRIVER OF KARYOTYPIC EVOLUTION IN ORGANISMS WITH HOLOCENTRIC CHROMOSOMES" in Journal of Evolutionary Biology
<p>This a data set from the paper RAD-SEQ LINKAGE MAPPING AND PATTERNS OF SEGREGATION DISTORTION IN SEDGES: MEIOSIS AS A DRIVER OF KARYOTYPIC EVOLUTION IN ORGANISMS WITH HOLOCENTRIC CHROMOSOMES" to be published in Journal of Evolutionary Biology</p>
FIGURE 4 in Chromosome analysis in Saccodon wagneri (Characiformes) and insights into the karyotype evolution of Parodontidae
FIGURE 4 | Saccodon wagneri metaphase plates after A. Double FISH with 5S rDNA (green-thin arrows) and 18S rDNA (red-thick arrows) probes; B. FISH using telomeric probes showing positive signals in the terminal positions of all chromosomes.
FIGURE 3 in Chromosome analysis in Saccodon wagneri (Characiformes) and insights into the karyotype evolution of Parodontidae
FIGURE 3 | Saccodon wagneri C-banded metaphases. A. Female; B. Male. The arrows indicate the sex chromosomes.
FIGURE 2 in Chromosome analysis in Saccodon wagneri (Characiformes) and insights into the karyotype evolution of Parodontidae
FIGURE 2 | Saccodon wagneri Giemsa karyotypes. A. Female; B. Male. Sex chromosomes are indicated. The NOR-carrying chromosomes, after silver staining, are boxed.
Fig. 1 in Cytogenetical analyses in three fish species of the genus Pimelodus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from rio São Francisco: considerations about the karyotypical evolution in the genus
Fig. 1. Karyotypes of: a) P. fur, b) P. maculatus, and c) Pimelodus sp. arranged from Giemsa-stained. Ag-NOR-bearing pair is framed.
Fig. 2 in Cytogenetical analyses in three fish species of the genus Pimelodus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from rio São Francisco: considerations about the karyotypical evolution in the genus
Fig. 2. Somatic chromosome metaphases of P. fur (a, d), P. maculatus (b, e) and Pimelodus sp. (c, f) submitted to: C banding (a, b, c) and staining with CMA (d, e, f). The major arrows indicate the NOR-bearing pairs. NOR association (b, f) and NOR size 3 heteromorphism (a) are exemplified. The arrows indicate positive chromosome regions corresponding with heterochromatin sites after treatment with fluorochrome and the arrowheads indicate a pair of metacentric chromosomes with both telomeres heterochromatic.
Ancestral reconstruction of sunflower karyotypes reveals non-random chromosomal evolution
<p>Mapping the chromosomal rearrangements between species can inform our understanding of genome evolution, reproductive isolation, and speciation. Here we present a novel algorithm for identifying regions of synteny in pairs of genetic maps, which is implemented in the accompanying R package, syntR. The syntR algorithm performs as well as previous methods while being systematic and repeatable and can be used to map chromosomal rearrangements in any group of species. In addition, we present a systematic survey of chromosomal rearrangements in the annual sunflowers, which is a group known for extreme karyotypic diversity. We build high-density genetic maps for two subspecies of the prairie sunflower<i>,</i> <i>Helianthus</i> <i>petiolaris</i> ssp. <i>petiolaris</i> and <i>H. petiolaris</i> ssp. <i>fallax.</i> Using <i>syntR</i>, and we identify blocks of synteny between these two subspecies and previously published high-density genetic maps. We reconstruct ancestral karyotypes for annual sunflowers using those synteny blocks and conservatively estimate that there have been 7.9 chromosomal rearrangements per million years – a high rate of chromosomal evolution. Although the rate of inversion is even higher than the rate of translocation in this group, we further find that every extant karyotype is distinguished by between 1 and 3 translocations involving only 8 of the 17 chromosomes. This non-random exchange suggests that specific chromosomes are prone to translocation and may thus contribute disproportionately to widespread hybrid sterility in sunflowers. These data deepen our understanding of chromosome evolution and confirm that <i>Helianthus</i> has an exceptional rate of chromosomal rearrangement that may facilitate similarly rapid diversification.</p>
Data from: Repositioning of centromere-associated repeats during karyotype evolution in Oryzias fishes
<p>The karyotype, which is the number and shape of chromosomes, is a fundamental characteristic of all eukaryotes. Karyotypic changes play an important role in many aspects of evolutionary processes, including speciation. In organisms with monocentric chromosomes, it was previously thought that chromosome number changes were mainly caused by centric fusions and fissions, whereas chromosome shape changes, that is changes in arm numbers, were mainly due to pericentric inversions. However, recent genomic and cytogenetic studies have revealed examples of alternative cases, such as tandem fusions and centromere repositioning, found in the karyotypic changes within and between species. Here, we employed comparative genomic approaches to investigate whether centromere repositioning occurred during karyotype evolution in medaka fishes. In the medaka family (Adrianichthyidae), the three phylogenetic groups differed substantially in their karyotypes. The <em>Oryzias latipes</em> species group has larger numbers of chromosome arms than the other groups, with most chromosomes being metacentric. The <em>O. javanicus</em> species group has similar numbers of chromosomes to the <em>O. latipes</em> species group, but smaller arm numbers, with most chromosomes being acrocentric. The <em>O. celebensis</em> species group has fewer chromosomes than the other two groups and several large metacentric chromosomes that were likely formed by chromosomal fusions. By comparing the genome assemblies of <em>O. latipes</em>, <em>O. javanicus</em>, and <em>O. celebensis</em>, we found that repositioning of centromere-associated repeats might be more common than simple pericentric inversion. Our results demonstrated that centromere repositioning may play a more important role in karyotype evolution than previously appreciated.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Chromosome analysis in Saccodon wagneri (Characiformes) and insights into the karyotype evolution of Parodontidae
FIGURE 1 | Map of Ecuador, highlighting the sampling site of Saccodon wagneri.
Data from: Repositioning of centromere-associated repeats during karyotype evolution in Oryzias fishes
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Data from: Ancestral reconstruction of sunflower karyotypes reveals non-random chromosomal evolution
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Data from: Analysis of the karyotype structure in Ricolla quadrispinosa (Linneus, 1767): inferences about the chromosomal evolution of the tribes of Harpactorinae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae)
The subfamily Harpactorinae is composed of six tribes. Phylogenetic studies bring together some of Harpactorinae tribes, but by and large the data on evolutionary relationships of the subfamily are scarce. Chromosome studies are of great importance for understanding the systematics of different groups of insects. For Harpactorinae, these studies are restricted to some subfamilies and involved only conventional chromosome analysis. This work analyzed cytogenetically Ricolla quadrispinosa (Linneus, 1767). The chromosome number was determined as 2n = 24 + X1X2Y in males. In metaphase II the autosomal chromosomes were organized in a ring with the pseudo-trivalent of sex chromosomes in its center. After C-banding followed by staining with DAPI, AT-rich blocks in autosomes were observed and the negatively heteropycnotic sex chromosomes. The data obtained, together with existing data for other species of the group, indicated that different chromosomal rearrangements are involved in the evolution of the species. In addition, a proposal of karyotype evolution for the subfamily, based on existing phylogenetic studies for the group is presented.
Karyotype diversification and evolution in Silene (Caryophyllaceae) representatives with sex chromosomes: taxonomic and biogeographical implications
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Supplementary material 1 from: Di-Nizo CB, Banci KRS, Sato-Kuwabara Y, Silva MJJ (2017) Advances in cytogenetics of Brazilian rodents: cytotaxonomy, chromosome evolution and new karyotypic data. Comparative Cytogenetics 11(4): 833-892. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v11i4.19925
Table S1 : Explanation note: Sequences analysed for phylogenetic reconstruction (Maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference) of Neacomys, with species, GenBank and lab/ field number, diploid and fundamental number (when available), locality and reference.
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