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21 results for “kelp biomass”
SBC LTER: Reef: Long-term experiment: biomass of kelp forest species
These data represent values of biomass density for more than 200 species of macroalgae, invertebrates and fish measured in fixed plots at five reefs as part of a long-term experiment designed to evaluate the effects of disturbance to giant kelp on the structure and productivity of the benthic community. Taxon-specific relationships between size and mass were applied to field measurements of species abundance to estimate biomass density of each species. The five reefs (Arroyo Quemada 34°28.048’N, 120°07.031’W; Carpinteria 34°23.474’N, 119°32.510’W; Isla Vista 34°23.275’N, 119°32.792’W; Mohawk 34°23.649’N, 119°43.762’W; and Naples 34° 25.342’N, 119° 57.102’W) ranged in depth from 5.8 m to 8.9 m (MLLW) and were chosen to represent a range of physical and biological characteristics known to influence subtidal macroalgal assemblages in the region. A common (but not always persistent) feature on these reefs was the presence of the giant kelp, which forms a dense canopy at the sea surface that suppresses recruitment and growth of understory algae below it. See Methods for more information.
SBC LTER: Reef: Seasonal Kelp Forest Community Dynamics: biomass of kelp forest species, ongoing since 2008
These data represent values of biomass density for more than 200 species of macroalgae, invertebrates and fish measured in fixed plots at five reefs as part of SBCLTER's seasonal kelp forest monitoring program to track long-term patterns in species abundance and diversity. Taxon-specific relationships between size and mass were applied to field measurements of species abundance to estimate biomass density of each species. The five reefs (Arroyo Quemada 34°28.048’N, 120°07.031’W; Carpinteria 34°23.474’N, 119°32.510’W; Isla Vista 34°23.275’N, 119°32.792’W; Mohawk 34°23.649’N, 119°43.762’W; and Naples 34° 25.342’N, 119° 57.102’W) ranged in depth from 5.8 m to 8.9 m (MLLW) and were chosen to represent a range of physical and biological characteristics known to influence subtidal macroalgal assemblages in the region.
SBC LTER: Reef: Annual time series of biomass for kelp forest species, ongoing since 2000
These data are annual estimates of biomass of approximately 225 taxa of reef algae, invertebrates and fish in permanent transects at 11 kelp forest sites in the Santa Barbara Channel (2-8 transects per site). Abundance is measured annually (as percent cover or density, by size) and converted to biomass (i.e., wet mass, dry mass, decalcified dry mass, ash free dry mass) using published taxon-specific algorithms. Data collection began in summer 2000 and continues annually in summer to provide information on community structure, population dynamics and species change. The time period of data collection varied among the 11 kelp forest sites. Sampling at BULL, CARP, and NAPL began in 2000, sampling at the other 6 mainland sites (AHND, AQUE, IVEE, GOLB, ABUR, MOHK) began in 2001 (transects 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 at IVEE were added in 2011). Data collection at the two Santa Cruz Island sites (SCTW and SCDI) began in 2004. See Methods for more information.
SBC LTER: Time series of quarterly NetCDF files of kelp biomass in the canopy from Landsat 5, 7 and 8, since 1984 (ongoing)
This data file represents a time series of canopy area of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, and bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, and canopy biomass of giant kelp derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), and Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager 2 satellite imagery, along with relevant metadata. The kelp canopy is composed of the portions of fronds and stipes floating on the surface of the water. Canopy area (m) data are given for individual 30 x 30 meter pixels for all coastal areas of Baja California, Mexico, California, Oregon, and the outer coast of Washington (including offshore islands). Biomass data (wet weight, kg) are given for individual 30 x 30 meter pixels in the coastal areas extending from near Ano Nuevo, CA through the southern range limit in Baja California (including offshore islands), representing the range where giant kelp is the dominant canopy forming species. Data were derived from the three Landsat sensors listed above. Observations are made on a 16 day repeat cycle, for each instrument, but the temporal coverage is irregular because of cloud cover, instrument failure, and the mission length of each sensor (TM: 1984 – 2011, ETM+: 1999 – present, OLI: 2013 – present). Estimates of canopy area are derived from the fractional cover of kelp canopy determined from satellite surface reflectance. Estimates of kelp canopy biomass are derived from the relationship between giant kelp fractional cover determined from satellite surface reflectance and empirical measurements of giant kelp canopy biomass in long-term SBC LTER study plots obtained using SCUBA. The different Landsat sensors were calibrated to each other using simulated Landsat data derived from hyperspectral imagery. Missing data due to the ETM+ scan line corrector error were filled using a synchrony-based gap filling method. Data are organized into a single NetCDF file and contain the quarterly area and
SBC LTER: Reef: Long-term experiment: biomass of kelp forest species, ongoing since 2008 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/119/7. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: These data represent values of biomass density for more than 200 species of macroalgae, invertebrates and fish measured in fixed plots at five reefs as part of a long-term experiment designed to evaluate the effects of disturbance to giant kelp on the structure and productivity of the benthic community. Taxon-specific relationships between size and mass were applied to field measurements of species abundance to estimate biomass density of each species. The five reefs (Arroyo Quemado 34°28.048’N, 120°07.031’W; Carpinteria 34°23.474’N, 119°32.510’W; Isla Vista 34°23.275’N, 119°32.792’W; Mohawk 34°23.649’N, 119°43.762’W; and Naples 34° 25.342’N, 119° 57.102’W) ranged in depth from 5.8 m to 8.9 m (MLLW) and were chosen to represent a range of physical and biological characteristics known to influence subtidal macroalgal assemblages in the region. A common (but not always persistent) feature on these reefs was the presence of the giant kelp, which forms a dense canopy at the sea surface that suppresses recruitment and growth of understory algae below it. See Methods for more information. The primary research objective of the Santa Barbara Coastal LTER is to investigate the importance of land and ocean processes in structuring giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera ) forest ecosystems. As in many temperate regions, the shallow rocky reefs in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, are dominated by giant kelp forests. Because of their close proximity to shore, kelp forests are influenced by physical and biological processes occurring on land as well as in the open ocean. SBC LTER research foc
SBC LTER: Reef: Annual time series of biomass for kelp forest species, ongoing since 2000 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/50/10. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: These data are annual estimates of biomass of approximately 225 taxa of reef algae, invertebrates and fish in permanent transects at 11 kelp forest sites in the Santa Barbara Channel (2-8 transects per site). Abundance is measured annually (as percent cover or density, by size) and converted to biomass (i.e., wet mass, dry mass, decalcified dry mass, ash free dry mass) using published taxon-specific algorithms. Data collection began in summer 2000 and continues annually in summer to provide information on community structure, population dynamics and species change. The time period of data collection varied among the 11 kelp forest sites. Sampling at BULL, CARP, and NAPL began in 2000, sampling at the other 6 mainland sites (AHND, AQUE, IVEE, GOLB, ABUR, MOHK) began in 2001 (transects 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 at IVEE were added in 2011). Data collection at the two Santa Cruz Island sites (SCTW and SCDI) began in 2004. See Methods for more information. See Methods for more information. The primary research objective of the Santa Barbara Coastal LTER is to investigate the importance of land and ocean processes in structuring giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera ) forest ecosystems. As in many temperate regions, the shallow rocky reefs in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, are dominated by giant kelp forests. Because of their close proximity to shore, kelp forests are influenced by physical and biological processes occurring on land as well as in the open ocean. SBC LTER research focuses on measuring and modeling the patterns, transport, and processing of material constituents (e.g., nutrients
SBC LTER: Reef: Historical Kelp Database for giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) biomass in California and Mexico
ISP Alginates (formerly Kelco Co.) has collected information on the abundance of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) in California and Mexico from routine aerial surveys since 1957. The standard protocol consists of an observer visually estimating the amount of harvestable giant kelp biomass within designated kelp beds from a small fixed-wing aircraft. Observations were recorded on paper data sheets in the field and archived in notebooks housed at ISP Alginates. With cooperation from ISP Alginates, the SBCLTER converted ISP Alginates long-term records of giant kelp biomass into a digital format. The database consists of a data table containing kelp biomass, a catalog of maps. The format ISP Alginates used to report kelp abundance data changed periodically over the course of the collecting period. These details, pus descriptions of designated kelp beds are described in the protocol document.
SBC LTER: Reef: Seasonal Kelp Forest Community Dynamics: Detritus biomass
These data describe the abundance of macroalgal detritus (grams wet mass m-2) as part of SBCLTER's seasonal kelp forest monitoring program to track long-term patterns in species abundance and diversity. Detritus was collected in six permanent 1 m2 quadrats positioned uniformly along 40 m transects in each sampling plot. Sample collections were brought back to the laboratory, identified to species and weighed wet. The seasonal surveys were initiated in 2008 at five reef sites along the mainland coast of the Santa Barbara Channel, California, US.
SBC LTER: Reef: Long-term experiment: Kelp removal: Detritus biomass
These data describe the abundance of macroalgal detritus (grams wet mass m-2) within permanent plots of a long-term experiment designed to examine trajectories of change in the structure and productivity of kelp forest communities in response to changes in the frequency and severity of disturbance to giant kelp. Detritus was collected in six permanent 1 m2 quadrats positioned uniformly along 40 m transects in each sampling plot. Macroalgal detritus is not collected in plots of the continual kelp removal treatment. Sample collections were brought back to the laboratory, identified to species and weighed wet. The experiment was initiated in 2008 at five reef sites along the mainland coast of the Santa Barbara Channel and included an annual kelp removal treatment designed to simulate increases in the frequency and severity of winter wave disturbance and a continual kelp removal treatment that allowed the effects of giant kelp on the community to be evaluated. The last experimental removals of giant kelp occurred in winter 2016 or winter 2017, depending on the site. Data collection continued in all plots until spring 2023 to document the recovery trajectory of the reef fish community following the cessation of experimental kelp removal.
SBC LTER: Reef: Annual time series of biomass for kelp forest species, ongoing since 2000 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/281/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/50/10. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: These data are annual estimates of biomass of approximately 225 taxa of reef algae, invertebrates and fish in permanent transects at 11 kelp forest sites in the Santa Barbara Channel (2-8 transects per site). Abundance is measured annually (as percent cover or density, by size) and converted to biomass (i.e., wet mass, dry mass, decalcified dry mass, ash free dry mass) using published taxon-specific algorithms. Data collection began in summer 2000 and continues annually in summer to provide information on community structure, population dynamics and species change. The time period of data collection varied among the 11 kelp forest sites. Sampling at BULL, CARP, and NAPL began in 2000, sampling at the other 6 mainland sites (AHND, AQUE, IVEE, GOLB, ABUR, MOHK) began in 2001 (transects 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 at IVEE were added in 2011). Data collection at the two Santa Cruz Island sites (SCTW and SCDI) began in 2004. See Methods for more information. See Methods for more information. The primary research objective of the Santa Barbara Coastal LTER is to investigate the importance of land and ocean processes in structuring giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera ) forest ecosystems. As in many temperate regions, the shallow rocky reefs in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, are dominated by giant kelp forests. Because of their close proximity to shore, kelp forests are influenced by physical and biological processes occurring on land as well as in the open ocean. SBC LTER research
SBC LTER: Reef: Long-term experiment: biomass of kelp forest species, ongoing since 2008 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/278/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/119/7. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: These data represent values of biomass density for more than 200 species of macroalgae, invertebrates and fish measured in fixed plots at five reefs as part of a long-term experiment designed to evaluate the effects of disturbance to giant kelp on the structure and productivity of the benthic community. Taxon-specific relationships between size and mass were applied to field measurements of species abundance to estimate biomass density of each species. The five reefs (Arroyo Quemado 34°28.048’N, 120°07.031’W; Carpinteria 34°23.474’N, 119°32.510’W; Isla Vista 34°23.275’N, 119°32.792’W; Mohawk 34°23.649’N, 119°43.762’W; and Naples 34° 25.342’N, 119° 57.102’W) ranged in depth from 5.8 m to 8.9 m (MLLW) and were chosen to represent a range of physical and biological characteristics known to influence subtidal macroalgal assemblages in the region. A common (but not always persistent) feature on these reefs was the presence of the giant kelp, which forms a dense canopy at the sea surface that suppresses recruitment and growth of understory algae below it. See Methods for more information. The primary research objective of the Santa Barbara Coastal LTER is to investigate the importance of land and ocean processes in structuring giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera ) forest ecosystems. As in many temperate regions, the shallow rocky reefs in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, are dominated by giant kelp forests. Because of their close proximity to shore, kelp forests are i
Kelp metapopulations: Semi-annual time series of giant kelp patch area, biomass and fecundity in southern California, 1996 - 2006
These data describe the patch-scale canopy biomass and population fecundity of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, in southern California, USA, from 1996¬ to 2007. Biomass of the surface canopy was estimated using diver-calibrated Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus satellite imagery. Fecundity was estimated from canopy biomass pixel data using a seasonally-adjusted relationship between the diver-measured density of giant kelp spore-bearing tissue and the Landsat estimate of canopy biomass density using data collected across five years at the San Clemente Artificial Reef, located offshore of San Clemente, California, USA. Landsat pixel-scale estimates of giant kelp biomass and fecundity were summed across space for each giant kelp patch and averaged across time separately with two semesters each year (January–June and July–December). The location and area of each giant kelp patch are also provided. These data were described in <ulink url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15-0283.1">Castorani, M. C., D. C. Reed, F. Alberto, T. W. Bell, R. D. Simons, K. C. Cavanaugh, D. A. Siegel and P. T. Raimondi. Connectivity structures local populations dynamics: a long-term empirical test in a large metapopulation system. Ecology. DOI: 10.1890/15-0283.1</ulink> These data are part of the NSF collaborative project: The effect of inbreeding on metapopulation dynamics of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (funded wholly or part by NSF Awards OCE-1233283, 1233288, 1233839).
SBC LTER: Reef: Coefficients for estimating biomass from body size or percent cover for kelp forest species
These data provide coefficients to estimate the biomass of macroalgae, invertebrates and fish from field measurements of body size or percent cover. We developed quantitative relationships between mass and length or mass and percent cover, and conversion factors for transforming wet mass into dry mass, shell free and decalcified dry mass, and ash-free dry mass for taxa of benthic macroalgae and macroinvertebrates common to giant kelp forests in southern California. We also compiled literature-based relationships between mass and total length for reef fish common to giant kelp forests in southern California.
SBC LTER: Reef: Kelp Forest Community Dynamics: Kelp Forest Data to support "Estimating biomass of benthic kelp forest invertebrates from body size and percent cover"
These data describe quantitative relationships between wet mass and length or wet mass and percent cover, and conversion factors to transform wet mass into dry mass, shell-free and decalcified dry mass, and ash-free dry mass for 84 species of benthic macroinvertebrates common to giant kelp forests in southern California. Data are based on organisms collected from sites in the Santa Barbara Channel between April 2010 and May 2014. These measurements are intended to facilitate the conversion of invertebrate abundance into common metrics of biomass, for quantitative studies of community dynamics, trophic interactions, energy flow and biodiversity. Converting numerical abundance (i.e., organism density) to biomass requires information on the relationship between individual size and biomass. For colonial and small aggregating taxa that are numerous and indistinct, measures of abundance are usually proportional (e.g., percent cover). Hence, converstions are taxa-specific, based on either size or cover, and a variety of metrics of species biomass are included, e.g., wet mass, shell-free wet mass, ash-free dry mass. Data are published in Reed, D. C, J. C. Nelson, S. L. Harrer, and R. J. Miller, Estimating biomass of benthic kelp forest invertebrates from body size and percent cover data. Marine Biology. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-016-2879-x. From the paper abstract: The inability to compare different measures of species abundance (such as density and percent cover) or different metrics of species biomass (such as wet mass and ash-free dry mass) hampers quantitative studies of community dynamics, trophic interactions, energy flow and biodiversity. This has been especially problematic for the dynamic and highly productive communities inhabiting shallow reefs in temperate seas where varied metrics are commonly used to characterize the abundance and biomass of different suites of species. Regressions for all 84 species were highly significant and regression fits were very good for mos
Non-trophic interactions amplify kelp harvest-induced biomass oscillations and biomass changes in a kelp forest ecological network model
<p><span>Kelp forests are important marine ecosystems providing habitat for numerous species. Despite over 50 years of mechanical harvesting in the Northeast Atlantic, the indirect impacts of kelp harvesting and associated habitat loss on faunal species within kelp forests remain poorly understood. We investigated the consequences of kelp harvesting by developing an allometric trophic network model for a subtidal Northeast Atlantic kelp forest (dominated by <em>Laminaria</em> <em>hyperborea</em>). Additionally, we designed a novel mechanistic model to explore the non-trophic interactions between kelp and age class 0 Atlantic cod (<em>Gadus</em> <em>morhua</em>) and kelp and European lobster (<em>Homarus</em> <em>gammarus</em>), specifically focusing on the increased survival benefits provided by the kelp habitat. Simulations were conducted over a 50-year period, incorporating harvesting cycles of 2, 5, and 9 years, as well as low and high harvesting intensities. Our findings reveal the complex dynamics resulting from kelp harvesting. The recovery of kelp biomass was observed with 5- and 9-year harvesting cycles, whereas a decline was observed with a 2-year cycle. Furthermore, the non-trophic interaction facilitated a higher pre-harvest biomass for both the European lobster and the Atlantic cod compared to scenarios without this interaction. These results highlight the multitrophic effects of kelp harvesting and emphasize that the recovery of kelp-associated species may not necessarily align with kelp recovery, depending on harvesting intensity and recovery periods. Importantly, our study contributes to a better understanding of the ecological consequences of kelp harvesting and underscores the need for sustainable management practices to mitigate habitat loss in kelp ecosystems.</span></p>
Non-trophic interactions amplify kelp harvest-induced biomass oscillations and biomass changes in a kelp forest ecological network model
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SBC LTER: Time series of kelp biomass in the canopy from Landsat 5, 1984 -2011
This data package has been deprecated because the models/methods have been changed. Please see the new data package using updated models: Kelp canopy biomass from Landsat 5, 7, and 8. These data are a time series of canopy biomass of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, derived from LANDSAT 5 Thematic Mapper satellite imagery. The kelp canopy is composed of the portions of fronds floating on the surface of the water. Biomass data (wet weight, kg) are given for individual 30 x 30 meter pixels in the coastal areas extending from near Pt. Reyes, California, to Punta Abreojos, Baja California Sur, Mexico, including the Northern and Southern Channel Islands. Data were derived from Landsat 5 TM images. Observations are made on a 16 day reqeat cycle but the temporal coverage is irregular because of cloud cover and instrument failure. Estimates of kelp canopy biomass are derived from the relationship between satellite surface reflectance and empirical measurements of kelp canopy biomass in long-term SBC LTER study plots obtained using SCUBA. Data are organized into yearly files, and zipped to compress. In its entirety this dataset is large, more than 3 GB and 80 million lines. To receive an archive of all data, or for assistance with subsets (e.g., range of dates or a latitude/longitude) contact sbclter@msi.ucsb.edu.
Data for: Ecological interactions mediate projected loss of kelp biomass under climate change
<p>This dataset contains the data used to define a stacked species distribution model (SDM) for kelp (<em>Ecklonia radiata</em>) and urchins (<em>Centrostephanus rodgersii</em>) in eastern Australia. The spatial extent of this study encompasses the eastern coast of Australia, between 28.0–37.5°S. Within this region, <em>E. radiata</em> is the only laminarian kelp species, while <em>C. rodgersii </em>is the dominant urchin species, with ecological interactions between these two species creating a patchwork of kelp forests and urchin barrens on shallow reefs.</p>
Data for: Ecological interactions mediate projected loss of kelp biomass under climate change
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Santa Barbara Coastal site, station Southern region of kelp harvest as documented by SBC, study of plant biomass in units of gramsPerSquareMeter on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Santa Barbara Coastal (SBC) contains plant biomass measurements in gramsPerSquareMeter units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
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