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Underwater sounds, including killer whale and humpback whale vocalizations, recorded in northern Norway in January 2023
<p>Dataset of underwater acoustic recordings obtained during the expedition “Orcalize” that took place in Skjervøy in northern Norway from 29<sup>th</sup> December 2022 till 6<sup>th</sup> January 2023. The data contains vocalizations from killer whales and songs from humpback whales which gather in the local fjords during the winter months to feed on herring. We recorded in the band of 20 Hz – 60 kHz with calibrated hydrophones arranged in a compact tetrahedral array that we deployed over board of a motorboat. In total we provide 16 files of continuous recordings with duration from several minutes to over one hour. The total dataset is about 7 hours 37 minutes long and the memory size is 62.8 GB. See the file info.pdf for more information.</p>
Survival, fecundity and reproductive tissue data from false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens)
<p>These data come from specimens from false killer whales from combined strandings (South Africa, 1981) and harvest (Japan 1979-80). The South African material was collected from 65 false killer whales that stranded en masse on the west coast of the Western Cape Province. Scientists reached the site two days after the stranding event was reported, so the material was not fresh and fixation of tissue samples was suboptimal. Data are available from 41 (including 32 mature) females. The Japanese material (96 females, 57 mature) originated from 6 schools harvested during shore-drive fisheries operations at Iki Island. In each case, as many false killer whales as possible were randomly examined. Data presented here come from 91 females if which 89 were mature. The Japanese and South African data were combined to estimate survival, but fecundity information is available for each separately. These data are associated with the following publication: Theoni Photopoulou, Ines M. Ferreira, Peter B. Best, Toshio Kasuya and Helene Marsh. 2017. Evidence for a postreproductive phase in female false killer whales <em>Pseudorca crassidens. </em>Frontiers in Zoology. 14:30. DOI 10.1186/s12983-017-0208-y</p>
Figure 5 in Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales ( Orcinus orca ): Bigg's and resident ecotypes deserve species status
Figure 5. Global phylogenetic trees of killer whales based on (a) haplotypes from 452 mitogenomes and (b) 49 nuclear genome sequences. Reprinted with permission from Morin et al. [15] (figure 2; by permission from John Wiley & Sons, licence 5458310335802) and [9] (electronic supplementary material, figure S3b, by permission from Andrew D. Foote). Black branches in (a) lead to haplotypes that are from animals that have not been identified to ecotype (see electronic supplementary material, table S1 from [15]).
Figure 3 in Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales ( Orcinus orca ): Bigg's and resident ecotypes deserve species status
Figure 3. PCA plot of first two principal components based on (a) 88 SNPs: offshore (n = 3), resident (n = 11), Bigg's (n = 30) from data in Morin et al. [15]; (b) 26 microsatellites: offshore (n = 5), resident (n = 250), Bigg's (n = 116) (samples genotyped at ≥20 loci) [56]; unpublished); (c) 3678 RADseq SNPs: offshore (n = 7), resident (n = 52) and Bigg's (n = 37) populations [57,62]; (d) 1 00 000 (subset from 6 371 282) SNPs from 147 high-coverage genomes of offshore (n = 7), Bigg's (n = 14) and resident (n = 126) samples from multiple geographically and behaviourally defined subpopulations (Alaska, northern and southern resident populations) (based on subset of SNP genotype data from [113]. See Supplementary Materials for methods and data set information.
Figure 7 in Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales ( Orcinus orca ): Bigg's and resident ecotypes deserve species status
Figure 7. Photographs of neotype skulls for (a) Orcinus rectipinnus (USNM 594671) and (b) Orcinus ater (USNM 594672).
Figure 1 in Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales ( Orcinus orca ): Bigg's and resident ecotypes deserve species status
Figure 1. Expected range maps for (a) resident and (b) Bigg's killer whales, including locations of samples used for mitogenome analysis (figure 5a, resident n = 106, Bigg's n = 93) [15]. Distribution ranges have been inferred based on published identifications of individuals that are identified by ecotype [48–53]. Sample distributions cover the known ranges of both ecotypes, with the exception of residents of Oregon and northern California, and both ecotypes off northern Japan (Hokkaido) in the western Pacific [48,54]. Sample maps for microsatellite data are in electronic supplementary material, figure S2.
Figure 8 in Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales ( Orcinus orca ): Bigg's and resident ecotypes deserve species status
Figure 8. Vertical images of (a) an adult male Bigg's killer whale (BKW) from the West Coast Transient population of Bigg's killer whales and (b) an adult male resident killer whale (RKW) from the sympatric Southern Resident population of resident killer whales. Images are scaled to the estimated asymptotic lengths of 7.3 m [20] and 6.9 m [145], respectively. Vertical images were collected using an octocopter drone using methods described by Durban et al. [146], provided by John Durban and Holly Fearnbach.
Figure 6 in Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales ( Orcinus orca ): Bigg's and resident ecotypes deserve species status
Figure 6. Illustrations of (a) O. ater and (b) O. rectipinnus from Scammon [138,140]. These illustrations were likely made by Scammon, or made under his guidance from his field notes and sketches. Whether they represent renderings of specific specimens, or composite sketches, is unknown.
Figure 2. Canonical variate 1 and 2 in Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales ( Orcinus orca ): Bigg's and resident ecotypes deserve species status
Figure 2. Canonical variate 1 and 2 plots for cranial shape features that distinguish among ecotypes for (a) skull morphology (resident (n = 17), Bigg's (n = 13) and offshore (n = 6)) and (b) dentary bone morphology (resident (n = 21), Bigg's (n = 12) and offshore (n = 8) specimens) (reprinted from [103]).
Figure 4. Structure assignment probability plots for K in Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales ( Orcinus orca ): Bigg's and resident ecotypes deserve species status
Figure 4. Structure assignment probability plots for K = 3 groups from (a) 26 microsatellites: offshore (n = 5), resident (n = 250), Bigg's (n = 116) samples genotyped at ≥ 20 loci) (56; unpublished); (b) 3340 RADseq SNPs (polymorphic in sample set): offshore (n = 7), resident (n = 52) and Bigg's (n = 37) populations [57,62]. Vertical bars represent the individual assignment probability for each group inferred by Structure (groups identified by shading), with samples sorted by a priori ecotype assignment. See electronic supplementary material for methods and data set information.
Canadian Arctic killer whale genomic variants
<p>This dataset contains resequencing data used in our killer whale genomics research exaiming population structure and demographic history, including unfiltered genomic variants and filtered SNPs. Source code for genomic analyses is available at <a href="http://github.com/edegreef/NBW-resequencing">github.com/edegreef/killerwhale-resequencing</a>. Data uploaded here contain:</p> <ul> <li><strong>orca_sample_info.csv</strong> - metadata for the killer whale samples</li> <li><strong>orca_unfiltered_diploid.vcf.gz</strong> - all variant calls, including indels and SNPs (n = 29)</li> <li><strong>orca_snps_q30_biallelic.vcf.gz </strong>- SNPs filtered for quality and bi-allelic sites (n = 29)</li> <li><strong>orca_snps_q30_biallelic_HWE0.005_miss0.4.vcf.gz</strong> - SNPs filtered for quality, bi-allelic sites, out of HWE, and missingness > 0.4 (n = 29).</li> <li><strong>orca_snps_q30_biallelic_HWE0.005_miss0.4_maf0.05_LDprunedr08_n24.vcf.gz</strong> - SNPs further filtered for MAF, LD-pruned, and removal of kin & duplicates (n = 24).</li> </ul>
Figure 7 in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia
Figure 7. The remains of a humpback whale juvenile (length estimate 8–9 m), <60 h after it was last seen intact (and probably still alive) at the surface; it was apparently killed and then eaten by sharks during 20–22 May 2014, off Coral Bay, WA. Photo: Migration Media.
Figure 3. A in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia
Figure 3. A mother humpback and her calf at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Although the killer whales broke off the attack when the pair moved into shallow reef waters, the damage to the calf's lower jaw during the attack would likely prove fatal (#11). Photo: J. Totterdell.
Figure 1 in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia
Figure 1. Location of our study area off Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, showing locations and outcomes of interactions between humpback whales and killer whales. Inset in upper right shows area where our survey effort was concentrated in 2013 (see Methods).
Figure 4. A in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia
Figure 4. A humpback mother lifts her calf out of the water on her back shortly before it was killed by attacking killer whales (#9). The killer whale on the far left is carrying the carcass of another humpback calf taken several minutes earlier (#8). Photo: S. Wenngren.
Figure 2 in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia
Figure 2. Movements of a satellite-tagged killer whale that we tracked for 22 d in July/ August 2013 off Western Australia. The track was estimated by fitting a continuous-time correlated random walk model (Johnson et al. 2008) to 452 locations calculated by the Argos satellite system (http://www.argos-system.org) to estimate locations and velocities at hourly intervals. Colored circles represent the estimated displacement velocity for each predicted location (speed in km/h; green is slower, red is faster), with speed classified into one of four velocity intervals, determined by the Jenks algorithm for natural breaks (Jenks 1967).
Figure 3. A in Humpback whales interfering when mammal-eating killer whales attack other species: Mobbing behavior and interspecific altruism?
Figure 3. A mother humpback whale and newborn calf photographed off Baja California, Mexico, Oct 2009. When necessary, the mother will use her massive pectoral flippers to defend her small calf from attacking predators, especially killer whales. Photo: M. Lynn, NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center.
Figure 1 in Humpback whales interfering when mammal-eating killer whales attack other species: Mobbing behavior and interspecific altruism?
Figure 1. Locations and numbers of recorded interactions between humpback and killer whales described in Appendix S2 and summarized in Table 1; the number in each circle is the number of interactions from the general area.
Figure 15 in Killer sperm whale: a new basal physeteroid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Miocene of Italy
Figure 15. Hypothetical reconstruction of a Late Miocene marine scenario showing the killer sperm whale Zygophyseter attacking a kentriodontid (delphinoid). Painting by Giovanni Bianucci.
Figure 14 in Killer sperm whale: a new basal physeteroid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Miocene of Italy
Figure 14. Hypothetical reconstructions of Zygophyseter varolai gen. et sp. nov. A, head in lateral view with a parasagittal section of the nasal area based on Physeter macrocephalus (Heyning, 1989: 36); B, head in dorsal view with evidence for the circular supracranial basin of the skull; C, body in lateral view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.