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opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Close kin dyads indicate intergenerational dispersal and barriers

The movement of individuals through continuous space is typically constrained by dispersal ability and dispersal barriers. A range of approaches have been developed to investigate these. Kindisperse is a new approach that infers intergenerational dispersal (σ) from close kin dyads, and appears particularly useful for investigating taxa that are difficult to observe individually. This study, focusing on the mosquito Aedes aegypti, shows how the same close kin data can also be used for barrier detection. We empirically demonstrate this new extension of the method using genome-wide sequence data from 266 Ae. aegypti. First, we use the spatial distribution of full-sib dyads collected within one generation to infer past movements of ovipositing female mosquitoes. These dyads indicated the relative barrier strengths of two roads, and performed favourably against alternative genetic methods for detecting barriers. The difference in variance between the sib and first cousin spatial distributions was used to infer movement over the past two generations, providing estimates of intergenerational dispersal (σ = 81.5-197.1 m.gen-1/2) and density (ρ = 833-4864 km-2). Dispersal estimates showed general agreement with those from mark-release-recapture studies. Barriers, σ, ρ, and neighbourhood size (331-526) can inform forthcoming releases of dengue-suppressing Wolbachia bacteria into this mosquito population.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Evaluating the suitability of close-kin mark-recapture as a demographic modelling tool for a critically endangered elasmobranch population

Estimating the demographic parameters of contemporary populations is essential to the success of elasmobranch conservation programmes, and to understanding their recent evolutionary history. For benthic elasmobranchs such as skates, traditional fisheries-independent approaches are often unsuitable as the data may be subject to various sources of bias, whilst low recapture rates can render mark-recapture programmes ineffectual. Close-kin mark-recapture (CKMR), a novel demographic modelling approach based on the genetic identification of close relatives within a sample, represents a promising alternative approach as it does not require physical recaptures. We evaluated the suitability of CKMR as a demographic modelling tool for the critically endangered blue skate (Dipturus batis) in the Celtic Sea using samples collected during fisheries-dependent trammel-net surveys that ran from 2011 to 2017. We identified three full-sibling and 16 half-sibling pairs among 662 skates, which were genotyped across 6,291 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 15 of which were cross-cohort half-sibling pairs that were included in a CKMR model. Despite limitations owing to a lack of validated life-history trait parameters for the species, we produced the first estimates of adult breeding abundance, population growth rate, and annual adult survival rate for D. batis in the Celtic Sea. The results were compared to estimates of genetic diversity, effective population size (Ne), and catch per unit effort (CPUE) estimates from the trammel-net survey. Although each method was characterised by wide uncertainty bounds, together they suggested a stable population size across the time-series. Recommendations for the implementation of CKMR as a conservation tool for data-limited elasmobranchs are discussed. In addition, the spatio-temporal distribution of the 19 sibling pairs revealed a pattern of site-fidelity in D. batis, and supported field observations suggesting an area of critical habitat that could qualify for protection might occur near the Isles of Scilly.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Dataset: Kingstone Companies, Inc. (KINS) Stock Performance

This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Datasets for "Intraspecific interactions in the annual legume Medicago minima are shaped by both genetic variation for competitive ability and reduced competition among kin"

Datasets for “Intraspecific interactions in the annual legume Medicago minima are shaped by both genetic variation for competitive ability and reduced competition among kin” Two datasets are provided. root_behavior_experiment_for_ms.csv: provides data relative to a root behaviour experiment where Medicago minima genotypes grew either with a kin or a non kin. Direction of root growth, root length and biomass were measured. Medicago_minima_biomass_dataMerge.csv: provides data relative to a minicommunity experiment where Medicago minima genotypes were grown surrounded by three kin genotypes, or three non-kin genotypes (i.e. stranger to the central plant but identical to each other) or three stranger genotypes (stranger to the central plant and to each other). For this second experiment above-ground growth and biomass were monitored. Detailed information on the dataset variables are provided in the metadata file. Code for data wrangling and analyses is included in the manuscript as an appendix.

FIG. 8. — A in Prey into kin: the cosmological role of the pig in the Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak

FIG. 8. — A young couple, Balang Ngeluun and Sinah Balang Ngeluun, posing with their two children and older members of the community with the domestic pig Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 (berak) about to be slaughtered for their namechanging irau in Bario, April 1987. Photo credit: Kaz Janowski.

FIG. 7 in Prey into kin: the cosmological role of the pig in the Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak

FIG. 7. — Balang Pelaba, Baye Ripug, Pun Nibu and another unidentified man participating in a competition to eat fat from a domestic pig (berak) at the namechanging irau held for Balan, the first child of Paran To'oh and Sinah Paran To'oh, in Pa' Dalih in April 1987. Photo credit: Kaz Janowski.

FIG. 3 in Prey into kin: the cosmological role of the pig in the Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak

FIG. 3. — The Kelabit culture hero Tuked Rini shimmering with lalud (cosmic power). Painting by Stephen Baya, 2009.

FIG. 2 in Prey into kin: the cosmological role of the pig in the Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak

FIG. 2. — Huge acorns in the forests of the Kelabit Highlands, the favourite food of the wild pig species Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 and Sus barbatus Müller, 1838. Photo credit: Kaz Janowski, 1988.

FIG. 6 in Prey into kin: the cosmological role of the pig in the Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak

FIG. 6. — Judin, Elvis and other young men of Pa' Dalih scalding the head of a wild pig (baka) of the species Sus barbatus Müller, 1838 prior to scraping off the hairs. Elvis holds Molly Janowski between his knees. Photo credit: Sally Greenhill, 1987.

FIG. 10 in Prey into kin: the cosmological role of the pig in the Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak

FIG. 10. — Participant who has been smeared with blood in ritual to establish new headhouse in Bidayuh village, Kampong Gumbang, 29 June 2017. Photo credit: Kaz Janowski.

FIG. 4 in Prey into kin: the cosmological role of the pig in the Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak

FIG. 4. — Kelabit hunting equipment and hunted meat from a wild pig (baka), probably Sus barbatus Müller, 1838. This includes a basket (bekang) containing the meat; a shotgun and cartridges; a quiver for blowpipe darts (selongan) together with small gourd (bua tabu kre) containing flights for the darts (ra'o); and a large forest knife (tongol). Photo credit: Monica Janowski, 1993.

FIG. 9. — Two young men distributing meat from a domestic pig Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 in Prey into kin: the cosmological role of the pig in the Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak

FIG. 9. — Two young men distributing meat from a domestic pig Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 (berak) at irau in Bario, 1987. Photo credit: Kaz Janowski.

FIG. 1 in Prey into kin: the cosmological role of the pig in the Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak

FIG. 1. — The longhouse community of Pa' Dalih, Kelabit Highlands in 1987. Photo credit: Kaz Janowski.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Aggression and spatial positioning of kin and non-kin fish in social groups

Group-living animals are faced with the challenge of sharing space and local resources amongst group members who may be either relatives or non-relatives. Individuals may reduce the inclusive fitness costs they incur from competing with relatives by either reducing their levels of aggression towards kin or by maintaining physical separation between kin. In this field study, we used the group-living cichlid Neolamprologus multifasciatus to examine whether within-group aggression is reduced among group members that are kin and whether kin occupy different regions of their group's territory to reduce kin competition over space and local resources. We determined the kinship relationships among cohabiting adults via microsatellite genotyping and then combined these with spatial and behavioural analyses of groups in the wild. We found that aggressive contests between group members declined in frequency with spatial separation between their shelters. Female kin did not engage in aggressive contests with one another, whereas non-kin females did, despite the fact these females lived at similar distances from one another on their groups' territories. Contests within male-male and male-female dyads did not clearly correlate with kinship. Non-kin male-male and male-female dyads lived at more variable distances from one another on their territories than their corresponding kin dyads. Together, our study indicates that contests among group members can be mediated by relatedness in a sex-dependent manner. We also suggest that spatial relationships can play an important role in determining the extent to which group members compete with one another.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Temporal dynamics of mother-offspring relationships in Bigg's killer whales: opportunities for kin-directed help by post-reproductive females

Age-related changes in the patterns of local relatedness (kinship dynamics) can be a significant selective force for shaping the evolution of life history and social behaviour. In humans and some species of toothed whales, average female relatedness increases with age which can select for a prolonged post-reproductive lifespan in older females due to both the costs of reproductive conflict and the benefits of late-life helping of kin. Killer whales (Orcinus orca) provide a valuable system for exploring social dynamics related to such costs and benefits in a mammal with an extended post-reproductive female lifespan. We use >40 years of demographic data to investigate the opportunities for helping and harming in the mammal-eating Bigg's killer whale by quantifying how mother-offspring social relationships change with offspring age. Our results suggest a high degree of male philopatry and female-biased budding dispersal in Bigg's killer whales, with some variability in the dispersal rate for both sexes. These patterns of dispersal provide opportunities for late-life helping of particularly adult sons, while partly mitigating the costs of mother-daughter reproductive conflict. This is an important step towards understanding the evolution of menopause in the few species it occurs.

publicApr 2023View details →

Aggression and spatial positioning of kin and non-kin fish in social groups

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publicNov 2025View details →

Genomic insights into kin selection and developmental conflict in co-occurring hairworm parasites

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publicJun 2022View details →

Close kin dyads indicate intergenerational dispersal and barriers

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