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6 results for “kin structure”
Eusocial evolution without a nest: kin structure of social aphids forming open colonies on bamboo
<p><span>Living in nests is an almost universal feature of eusocial animals. In some aphids, however, sterile soldier castes have evolved in open colonies without a nest. To clarify the factors promoting the evolution of eusociality in these colonies, we used newly developed microsatellite markers to compare the kin structure of the open colonies of two aphid species on bamboo: the non-eusocial colonies of <em>Astegopteryx bambucifoliae</em> and the eusocial colonies of <em>Pseudoregma alexanderi</em>on <em>Dendrocalamus latiflorus</em>. </span><br><br><span>Our samples, from over 1,000 hectares, contained 99 clones of <em>A. bambucifoliae</em> and 19 of <em>P. alexanderi</em>. Clonal mixing occurred in both species: average pairwise relatedness within a colony was 0.54 in <em>A. bambucifoliae</em> and 0.71 in <em>P. alexanderi</em>. Each clone of <em>A. bambucifoliae</em> occurred in a unique location, whereas those of <em>P. alexander</em>i occurred in multiple locations and more than 90% of individuals came from just four clones. There was significant genetic variation among different colonies in the same clu</span><span>mp (stem-cluster)</span><span> in <em>A. bambucifoliae</em> but not in <em>P. alexanderi</em>, indicating that <em>P. alexanderi</em> colonies in a</span><span> single</span><span> clump are genetically homogenized, functioning as a large colony. In <em>P. alexanderi</em>, the proportion of sterile soldiers to normal first-instar nymphs was significantly different across the four clones. </span><br><br><span>Our results indicate that the lack of input of migrants from the primary host and feeding on a large, stable host plant are important ecological factors that might favour the evolution of eusociality, enabling the production of genetically homogenised, large, and long-lived colonies. After eusociality evolves on the secondary host, the optimal strategy of soldier production might vary between different clones.</span></p>
Eusocial evolution without a nest: kin structure of social aphids forming open colonies on bamboo
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Fig. 1 in Socio-spatial organization and kin structure in ocelots from integration of camera trapping and noninvasive genetics
Fig. 1.—Map of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, showing the locations of camera traps placed along trails and at ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) latrines.
Fig. 2 in Socio-spatial organization and kin structure in ocelots from integration of camera trapping and noninvasive genetics
Fig. 2.—Cumulative frequency distributions of association index values among pairs of male versus female ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Half-weight association index values represent the strength of spatiotemporal overlap between same-sex dyads based on how often they were photographed at the same camera trap within the same 30-day interval.
Fig. 4 in Socio-spatial organization and kin structure in ocelots from integration of camera trapping and noninvasive genetics
Fig. 4.—Relatedness of individual ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, depending on sex and overlap of space use. Values shown are observed mean differences in relatedness between dyads of individual ocelots with overlapping space use (vertical bold lines) versus all dyads in the sampled population, along with the cumulative distribution of simulated differences from 1,000,000 randomly generated bootstrap replicates. Reference lines represent quantiles from the simulated distribution. A) All dyads, B) male-female dyads, C) male-male dyads, and D) female-female dyads.
Fig. 3 in Socio-spatial organization and kin structure in ocelots from integration of camera trapping and noninvasive genetics
Fig. 3.—Half-weight association index values between pairs of a) female and b) male ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, shown in both matrix and graphical format. Values and line weights represent the strength (on a scale of 0–1) of spatiotemporal overlap between pairs of individuals based on how often they were photographed at the same camera trap during the same 30-day period. Asterisks represent associations and double asterisks represent dissociations that differed from random expectations (P <0.05).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.