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33 results for “kinetochore”
Kinetochore life histories reveal an Aurora B dependent error correction mechanism in anaphase
<p>Dataset of kinetochore tracks in human RPE1 cells showing chromosome dynamics and segregation from prometaphase through to anaphase as described in detail in Sen, Harrison, Burroughs and McAinsh, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.30.436326 Tracks correspond to 3D time-lapse movies of Ndc80-eGFP and were acquired in the 488nm channel using 1\% laser power, 50 ms exposure time/z-plane, 93 z-planes, 307 nm z-step, which results in 4.7 s/z-stack time frame. Cells are subject to nocodazole arrest-and-release or equivalent treatment with DMSO as indicated in the folder names, and some cells are subject to additional treatment with ZM to inhibit Aurora B (also indicated in folder names). Tracks were produced using kinetochore tracking software, KiT v2.3 (see Armond et al., 2016, Bioinformatics), available from https://github.com/cmcb-warwick/KiT/ </p>
Non-centrosomal microtubules at kinetochores promote rapid chromosome biorientation during mitosis in human cells
<p>Kinetochore tracking data associated with "Non-centrosomal microtubules at kinetochores promote rapid chromosome biorientation during mitosis in human cells" by Renda, Miles, et al., Current Biology, 2022.</p> <p>Contact Alexey Khodjakov at alexey.khodjakov@health.ny.gov for any questions or processing routines.</p> <p>Each file contains coordinates of centrioles and kinetochores in a single cell. </p> <p>Key to variables:</p> <p>ao -- time point corresponding to anaphase onset</p> <p>cell_id -- comprises three parts: cell type_treatment_number (NaN when only first 15 min of prometaphase were tracked).</p> <p>centrioles -- coordinates of centrioles. Two pages correspond to the two centrosomes, first three columns are X-Y-Z of the mother and the second three columns are X-Y-Z of the daughter centrioles</p> <p>kinetochores -- coordinates of kinetochores. Each page corresponds to a chromosome. X-Y-Z coordinates of sister kinetochores are in columns 1-3 and 4-6.</p> <p>neb -- time point corresponding to nuclear envelope breakdown.</p> <p>total_chrs -- number of chromosomes in the cell</p> <p>tracked -- number of tracks obtained in the cell</p>
Data from: Augmin prevents merotelic attachments by promoting proper arrangement of bridging and kinetochore fibers
<p>The human mitotic spindle is made of microtubules nucleated at centrosomes, at kinetochores, and from pre-existing microtubules by the augmin complex. However, it is unknown how the augmin-mediated nucleation affects distinct microtubule classes and thereby mitotic fidelity. Here we use superresolution microscopy to analyze the previously indistinguishable microtubule arrangements within the crowded metaphase plate area and demonstrate that augmin is vital for the formation of uniformly arranged parallel units consisting of sister kinetochore fibers connected by a bridging fiber. This ordered geometry helps both prevent and resolve merotelic attachments. Whereas augmin-nucleated bridging fibers prevent merotelic attachments by creating a nearly parallel and highly bundled microtubule arrangement unfavorable for creating additional attachments, augmin-nucleated k-fibers produce robust force required to resolve errors during anaphase. STED microscopy revealed that bridging fibers were impaired twice as much as k-fibers following augmin depletion. The complete absence of bridging fibers from a significant portion of kinetochore pairs, especially in the inner part of the spindle, resulted in the specific reduction of the interkinetochore distance. Taken together, we propose a model where augmin promotes mitotic fidelity by generating assemblies consisting of bridging and kinetochore fibers that align sister kinetochores to face opposite poles, thereby preventing erroneous attachments.</p>
Kinetochore and ionomic adaptation to whole genome duplication
<p>Whole genome duplication (WGD) brings challenges to key processes like meiosis but nevertheless is associated with diversification in all kingdoms. How is WGD tolerated, and what processes commonly evolve to stabilize the new polyploid lineage? Here we study this in <em>Cochlearia</em> spp., which have experienced multiple rounds of WGD in the last 300,000 years. We first generate a chromosome-scale genome and sequence 113 individuals from 33 diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, and outgroup populations. We detect the clearest post-WGD selection signatures in functionally interacting kinetochore components and ion transporters. We structurally model these derived selected alleles, associating them with known WGD-relevant functional variation, and compare these results to independent recent post-WGD selection in <em>Arabidopsis</em> <em>arenosa</em> and <em>Cardamine</em> <em>amara</em>. Some of the same biological processes evolve in all three WGDs, but specific genes recruited are flexible. This points to a polygenic basis for modifying systems that control the kinetochore, meiotic crossover number, DNA repair, ion homeostasis, and cell cycle. Given that DNA management (especially repair) is the most salient category with the strongest selection signal, we speculate that the generation rate of structural genomic variants may be altered by WGD in young polyploids, contributing to their occasionally spectacular adaptability observed across kingdoms.</p>
Data from: Augmin prevents merotelic attachments by promoting proper arrangement of bridging and kinetochore fibers
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Kinetochore and ionomic adaptation to whole genome duplication
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Data from: Measuring NDC80 binding reveals the molecular basis of tension-dependent kinetochore-microtubule attachments
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Data from: The kinetochore prevents centromere-proximal crossover recombination during meiosis
During meiosis, crossover recombination is essential to link homologous chromosomes and drive 22 faithful chromosome segregation. Crossover recombination is non-random across the genome, 23 and centromere-proximal crossovers are associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy, 24 including Trisomy 21 in humans. Here, we identify the conserved Ctf19/CCAN kinetochore sub- 25 complex as a major factor that minimizes potentially deleterious centromere-proximal crossovers 26 in budding yeast. We uncover multi-layered suppression of pericentromeric recombination by the 27 Ctf19 complex, operating across distinct chromosomal distances. The Ctf19 complex prevents 28 meiotic DNA break formation, the initiating event of recombination, proximal to the centromere. 29 The Ctf19 complex independently drives the enrichment of cohesin throughout the broader 30 pericentromere to suppress crossovers, but not DNA breaks. This non-canonical role of the 31 kinetochore in defining a chromosome domain that is refractory to crossovers adds a new layer 32 of functionality by which the kinetochore prevents the incidence of chromosome segregation 33 errors that generate aneuploid gametes.
Data from: The kinetochore prevents centromere-proximal crossover recombination during meiosis
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CCAN Assembly Configures Composite Binding Interfaces to Promote Cross-Linking of Ndc80 Complexes at the Kinetochore
GEO Series GSE86587. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 28 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Contribution of CENP-F to FOXM1-mediated discordant centromere and kinetochore transcriptional regulation [RNA-seq]
GEO Series GSE252505. Homo sapiens. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Contribution of CENP-F to FOXM1-mediated discordant centromere and kinetochore transcriptional regulation. [RNAseq_KD]
GEO Series GSE252664. Homo sapiens. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Centromeric R loops contribute to defects in kinetochore assembly and chromosomal instability
GEO Series GSE151849. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 8 samples. Type: Other.
Octameric nucleosomes are present within the inner kinetochore of human centromeres
GEO Series GSE129351. Homo sapiens. 4 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Mapping of cohesion factor association sites in S. cerevisiae - Meiosis I chromosome segregation is established through regulation of microtubule-kinetochore interactions.
GEO Series GSE41339. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 8 samples. Type: Genome variation profiling by genome tiling array.
Rio1 downregulates centromeric RNA levels to promote the timely assembly of structurally fit kinetochores
GEO Series GSE218602. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Rio1 downregulates centromeric RNA levels to promote the timely assembly of structurally fit kinetochores.
GEO Series GSE189278. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
A high-resolution map of inner kinetochore proteins in fission yeast regional centromeres
GEO Series GSE64294. Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 41 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Genetic enhancers of partial PLK1 inhibition reveal hypersensitivity to kinetochore perturbations
GEO Series GSE228155. Homo sapiens. 9 samples. Type: Other.
Kinetochore protein Cnn1 promotes sister chromatid bi-orientation by modulating intraKMN affinities in a biphasic, phospho-regulated manner.
GEO Series GSE31567. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 1 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by genome tiling array.
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