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12 results for “knowledge in ai”
NeSy4VRD: A Multifaceted Resource for Neurosymbolic AI Research using Knowledge Graphs in Visual Relationship Detection
<p><strong>NeSy4VRD</strong></p> <p>NeSy4VRD is a multifaceted, multipurpose resource designed to foster neurosymbolic AI (NeSy) research, particularly NeSy research using Semantic Web technologies such as OWL ontologies, OWL-based knowledge graphs and OWL-based reasoning as symbolic components. The NeSy4VRD research resource pertains to the <em>computer vision</em> field of AI and, within that field, to the application tasks of <em>visual relationship detection (VRD) and scene graph generation</em>.</p> <p>Whilst the core motivation of the NeSy4VRD research resource is to foster computer vision-based NeSy research using Semantic Web technologies such as OWL ontologies and OWL-based knowledge graphs, AI researchers can readily use NeSy4VRD to either: 1) pursue computer vision-based NeSy research without involving Semantic Web technologies as symbolic components, or 2) pursue computer vision research without NeSy (i.e. pursue research that focuses purely on deep learning alone, without involving symbolic components of any kind). This is the sense in which we describe NeSy4VRD as being <em>multipurpose</em>: it can readily be used by diverse groups of computer vision-based AI researchers with diverse interests and objectives.</p> <p>The NeSy4VRD research resource in its entirety is distributed across two locations: Zenodo and GitHub.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>NeSy4VRD on Zenodo: the NeSy4VRD dataset package</strong></p> <p>This entry on Zenodo hosts the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset package</em>, which includes the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset</em> and its companion <em>NeSy4VRD ontology</em>, an OWL ontology called VRD-World.</p> <p>The <em>NeSy4VRD dataset</em> consists of an image dataset with associated visual relationship annotations. The images of the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset</em> are the same as those that were once publicly available as part of the <a href="https://cs.stanford.edu/people/ranjaykrishna/vrd/">VRD</a> dataset. The NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations are a highly customised and quality-improved version of the original VRD visual relationship annotations. The <em>NeSy4VRD dataset</em> is designed for computer vision-based research that involves detecting objects in images and predicting relationships between ordered pairs of those objects. A visual relationship for an image of the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset</em> has the form <'subject', 'predicate', 'object'>, where the 'subject' and 'object' are two objects in the image, and the 'predicate' describes some relation between them. Both the 'subject' and 'object' objects are specified in terms of bounding boxes and object classes. For example, representative annotated visual relationships are <'person', 'ride', 'horse'>, <'hat', 'on', 'teddy bear'> and <'cat', 'under', 'pillow'>.</p> <p>Visual relationship detection is pursued as a computer vision application task in its own right, and as a building block capability for the broader application task of scene graph generation. Scene graph generation, in turn, is commonly used as a precursor to a variety of enriched, downstream visual understanding and reasoning application tasks, such as image captioning, visual question answering, image retrieval, image generation and multimedia event processing.</p> <p>The <em>NeSy4VRD ontology</em>, VRD-World, is a rich, well-aligned, companion OWL ontology engineered specifically for use with the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset.</em> It directly describes the domain of the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset</em>, as reflected in the NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations. More specifically, all of the object classes that feature in the NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations have corresponding classes within the VRD-World OWL class hierarchy, and all of the predicates that feature in the NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations have corresponding properties within the VRD-World OWL object property hierarchy. The rich structure of the VRD-World class hierarchy and the rich characteristics and relationships of the VRD-World object properties together give the VRD-World OWL ontology rich inference semantics. These provide ample opportunity for OWL reasoning to be meaningfully exercised and exploited in NeSy research that uses OWL ontologies and OWL-based knowledge graphs as symbolic components. There is also ample potential for NeSy researchers to explore supplementing the OWL reasoning capabilities afforded by the VRD-World ontology with Datalog rules and reasoning.</p> <p>Use of the <em>NeSy4VRD ontology</em>, VRD-World, in conjunction with the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset </em>is, of course, purely optional, however. Computer vision AI researchers who have no interest in NeSy, or NeSy researchers who have no interest in OWL ontologies and OWL-based knowledge graphs, can ignore the <em>NeSy4VRD ontology</em> and use the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset </em>by itself.</p> <p>All computer vision-based AI research user groups can, if they wish, also avail themselves of the other components of the NeSy4VRD research resource available on GitHub.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>NeSy4VRD on GitHub: open source infrastructure supporting extensibility, and sample code</strong></p> <p>The NeSy4VRD research resource incorporates additional components that are companions to the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset package</em> here on Zenodo. These companion components are available at <a href="https://github.com/djherron/NeSy4VRD/">NeSy4VRD on GitHub</a>. These companion components consist of:</p> <ul> <li>comprehensive open source Python-based infrastructure supporting the extensibility of the NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations (and, thereby, the extensibility of the <em>NeSy4VRD ontology</em>, VRD-World, as well)</li> <li>open source Python sample code showing how one can work with the NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations in conjunction with the <em>NeSy4VRD ontology</em>, VRD-World, and RDF knowledge graphs.</li> </ul> <p>The NeSy4VRD infrastructure supporting extensibility consists of:</p> <ul> <li>open source Python code for conducting deep and comprehensive analyses of the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset</em> (the VRD images and their associated NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations)</li> <li>an open source, custom-designed <em>NeSy4VRD protocol</em> for specifying visual relationship annotation customisation instructions declaratively, in text files</li> <li>an open source, custom-designed <em>NeSy4VRD workflow, </em>implemented using Python scripts and modules, for applying small or large volumes of customisations or extensions to the NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations in a configurable, managed, automated and repeatable process.</li> </ul> <p>The purpose behind providing comprehensive infrastructure to support extensibility of the NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations is to make it easy for researchers to take the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset</em> in new directions, by further enriching the annotations, or by tailoring them to introduce new or more data conditions that better suit their particular research needs and interests. The option to use the NeSy4VRD extensibility infrastructure in this way applies equally well to each of the diverse potential NeSy4VRD user groups already mentioned.</p> <p>The NeSy4VRD extensibility infrastructure, however, may be of particular interest to NeSy researchers interested in using the <em>NeSy4VRD ontology</em>, VRD-World, in conjunction with the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset. </em>These researchers can of course tailor the VRD-World ontology if they wish without needing to modify or extend the NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations in any way. But their degrees of freedom for doing so will be limited by the need to maintain alignment with the NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations and the particular set of object classes and predicates to which they refer. If NeSy researchers want full freedom to tailor the VRD-World ontology, they may well need to tailor the NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations first, in order that alignment be maintained.</p> <p>To illustrate our point, and to illustrate our vision of how the NeSy4VRD extensibility infrastructure can be used, let us consider a simple example. It is common in computer vision to distinguish between <em>thing</em> objects (that have well-defined shapes) and <em>stuff</em> objects (that are amorphous). Suppose a researcher wishes to have a greater number of <em>stuff</em> object classes with which to work. Water is such a <em>stuff</em> object. Many VRD images contain water but it is not currently one of the annotated object classes and hence is never referenced in any visual relationship annotations. So adding a <em>Water</em> class to the class hierarchy of the VRD-World ontology would be pointless because it would never acquire any instances (because an object detector would never detect any). However, our hypothetical researcher could choose to do the following:</p> <ul> <li>use the analysis functionality of the NeSy4VRD extensibility infrastructure to find images containing water (by, say, searching for images whose visual relationships refer to object classes such as 'boat', 'surfboard', 'sand', 'umbrella', etc.);</li> <li>use free image analysis software (such as GIMP, at gimp.org) to get bounding boxes for instances of water in these images;</li> <li>use the <em>NeSy4VRD protocol</em> to specify new visual relationships for these images that refer to the new 'water' objects (e.g. <'boat', 'on', 'water'>);</li> <li>use the <em>NeSy4VRD workflow</em> to introduce the new object class 'water' and to apply the specified new visual relationships to the sets of annotations for the affected images;</li> <li>introduce class Water to the class hierarchy of the VRD-World ontology (using, say, the free Protege ontology editor);</li> <li>continue experimenting, now with the added benefit of the additional <em>stuff</em> object class 'water';</li> <li>contribute the enriched set of NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations, and the enriched companion VRD-World ontology, to research communities.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Information pertaining to the VRD dataset</strong></p> <p>Information about the original VRD dataset is available <a href="https://cs.stanford.edu/people/ranjaykrishna/vrd/">here</a>. </p> <p>Public availability of the VRD images (via information accessible from that location) ceased sometime in the latter part of 2021. We thank Dr. Ranjay Krishna, one of the principals associated with the VRD dataset, for granting us permission to re-establish the public availability of the VRD images as part of NeSy4VRD.</p> <p>The original VRD visual relationship annotations are still publicly available from that location. But our deep analysis of those annotations, driven by our desire to design a robust companion ontology, revealed them to be highly problematic in many ways that made credible ontology modelling infeasible. They were also found to be replete with all manner of errors. The NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations are far superior and we recommend them over the original VRD annotations to anyone contemplating conducting research using the VRD images. The NeSy4VRD annotations also have the added benefit of the rich, well-aligned companion <em>NeSy4VRD ontology</em>, VRD-World, for those whose research requires such a companion ontology.</p> <p>Researchers wishing to use the original VRD dataset may still do so. They can access the VRD images here, from within the <em>NeSy4VRD dataset</em> on Zenodo, and access the VRD visual relationship annotations from the location in the link.</p> <p><em>A note of caution</em>: the <em>NeSy4VRD ontology</em>, VRD-World, is <em>not</em><strong> </strong>compatible with the original VRD visual relationship annotations and cannot be used in conjunction with them. The VRD-World ontology has been engineered in relation to the highly customised and quality-improved NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations. The customisations that were applied include ones that introduced many new object classes, merged some of the existing object classes, introduced one new predicate, and changed several predicate names.</p> <p>However, researchers can, if they wish, use the NeSy4VRD extensibility infrastructure (described above) to undertake their own customisation and quality-improvement exercise with respect to the original VRD visual relationship annotations. This is precisely how the NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations were created in the first place. The primary intended use case of NeSy4VRD's extensibility infrastructure, however, is for researchers to use the NeSy4VRD visual relationship annotations as their starting point, and to take these annotations forward with onward customisations and extensions, as illustrated in the example use case given above.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
cultural-ai/wordsmatter: Words Matter: a knowledge graph of contentious terms
<p>The choice of words describing cultural heritage can cause debates. It is especially sensitive when artefacts relate to different cultures and peoples who have been historically marginalised. Words chosen by archivists or curators may transmit stereotypes. The cultural heritage community has produced knowledge on potentially stereotyping and offensive terminology in heritage collections. At the same time, their knowledge is difficult to incorporate into existing online collections unless this knowledge is structured and machine-readable.</p> <p>The Words Matter Knowledge Graph represents domain expert knowledge on discussions about contentious terminology in the cultural sector. In the knowledge graph, 75 English and 83 Dutch contentious terms are linked to explanations of their usage and suggested alternatives from domain experts. There are also related matches between contentious terms and sources from external datasets: Wikidata, Princeton WordNet, Open Dutch WordNet, and Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus.</p> <p>This Zenodo publication includes the CULCO scheme used to model contentious terms in the knowledge graph. The scheme documentation is <a href="https://cultural-ai.github.io/wordsmatter/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">available on a separate page</a>.</p> <p>This knowledge graph is <a href="https://amsterdam.wereldmuseum.nl/en/about-wereldmuseum-amsterdam/research/words-matter-publication" target="_blank" rel="noopener">based</a> on the publication “Words Matter: An Unfinished Guide to Word Choices in the Cultural Sector” by the National Museum of World Cultures (NMVW). </p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_30" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read more</a> about this work in the paper "A Knowledge Graph of Contentious Terminology for Inclusive Representation of Cultural Heritage" (2023) by Andrei Nesterov, Laura Hollink, Marieke van Erp & Jacco van Ossenbruggen.</p> <p>In this version:</p> <ul> <li>the CULCO scheme documentation is updated</li> <li>versioning is fixed</li> <li>typos are corrected</li> </ul>
SME employee concerns regarding AI, their current knowledge regarding AI, their willingness to adopt it and learn about it.
<p><strong>Title</strong>: SME Employee Perspectives on AI Adoption</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: This dataset comprises encoded interview responses, raw survey data, and cleaned survey data collected from employees of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as well as a codebook that acts as metadata storage. The focus of the data is on employee concerns, current knowledge, and willingness to adopt and learn about artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This dataset is intended to support research into the factors influencing AI integration in SME environments and to assess the readiness of employees to engage with these technologies.</p> <p><strong>Data Collection Methods</strong>:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Interviews</strong>: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a selection of employees from various departments within SMEs. Responses have been anonymized and encoded to protect participant privacy.</li> <li><strong>Surveys</strong>: Two sets of survey data are included: <ul> <li><strong>Raw Survey Data</strong>: Contains all original responses, including demographic information and unprocessed answers to questions regarding AI knowledge and perceptions.</li> <li><strong>Cleaned Survey Data</strong>: This dataset has been processed to remove incomplete responses and normalize the data for analysis.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Key Variables</strong>:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Employee Concerns</strong>: Qualitative data on personal and professional concerns regarding AI, such as job security, privacy, and trust in technology.</li> <li><strong>Knowledge of AI</strong>: Employee self-assessments and objectively measured knowledge levels regarding AI technologies and their applications.</li> <li><strong>Willingness to Adopt AI</strong>: Measures of openness to integrating AI into their work processes and willingness to participate in AI-related training and development.</li> </ul>
Perceptions and Knowledge regarding the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare system; A cross-sectional Study involving Medical Students.
<p>This is the data set of a cross-sectional study that was carried out on medical students at Rawalpindi medical university, Pakistan involving 211 participants.</p>
Survey on attitudes and knowledge about AI in health professionals and students (Spanish Version)
<p><span>The Gebauer and Eckert1 survey on attitudes and knowledge about artificial intelligence was used, a translation into Spanish was made and adaptation of the survey to the Cuban context was made, and then it was validated by experts.</span></p> <p><span> </span><span> </span><sup><span>1</span></sup><span>Gebauer S, Eckert C. Survey of US physicians’ attitudes and knowledge of AI. BMJ Evid Based Med [Internet]. 2024 Feb 14 [cited 2024 May 7]; Available from: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112726">https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112726</a> </span></p>
Dataset and code for 'AI-based Knowledge Extraction from the Bioprinting Literature for identifying technology trends'
<p>Zip file containing the dataset and code for the paper 'AI-based Knowledge Extraction from the Bioprinting Literature for identifying technology trends'. The dataset is composed of:</p> <ul> <li>A train_data.csv file, containing all annotated keywords used for classifier training.</li> <li>A filt_ls.pkl file, containing the sentences used to train the embeddings model.</li> <li>A train.py file, to train the composite keyword annotation model.</li> </ul> <p>The authors acknowledge the supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the project GIOTTO: “Giotto: Active ageing and osteoporosis: The next challenge for smart nanobiomaterials and 3D technologies,” grant agreement no. 814410.</p>
Accuracy of an AI-clinical Knowledge-based Hybrid System for Detecting Periodontitis in OPG Images
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06306677. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 3. Publications: 1.
Patient's Knowledge About AI in Dentistry
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07003724. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Testing the Effectiveness of AI Chatbots to Improve Public Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Depression
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06858371. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Conversational AI System to Enhance Knowledge About Vaccines and Promote Vaccination
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05689073. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
AI Chatbot-Based Learning on Dry Eye and Eye Strain Knowledge
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06785155. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Interview Fragenkatalog: Unlocking AI-based Knowledge Management Potential for SMEs: Exploring Semantic Search Adoption
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