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344 results for “labour”
Ethnic Discrimination in the Swiss Labour Market
<p>Discrimination of ethnic minorities in hiring decisions in the labour market has become a common phenomenon. Across OECD countries ethnic minority applicants have to write approximately 50% more applications to be invited for a job interview compared to an equally qualified majority applicant. Little is known about the extent of discrimination in the Swiss Labour Market, since the last correspondence test conducted in Switzerland is more than 15 years old and targets only a very specific sector of the labour market - the transition from school to apprenticeships.<br> To fill this gap in knowledge on discrimination in the Swiss labour market, a new correspondence test was conducted. It measures discrimination in various occupations, against different ethnic minority groups, including candidates with German or French backgrounds, and looks at the differences and similarities between the German and French speaking regions in Switzerland.</p>
Labour Law Database, with Codebook
<p><span>The WageIndicator Labour Law Database aims to collect information about national Labour Law. The database is used to publish relevant clauses with information about the national Labour Law on the national WageIndicator websites and on the home page of WageIndicator (see </span><a href="https://wageindicator.org/labour-laws/labour-law-around-the-world/national-labour-law-information"><span>National Labour Law Information - WageIndicator.org</span></a><span>). All Labour Law clauses in the database are also coded, according to a coding scheme, as presented in the attached codebook. These codes support the generation of the biennial Labour Rights Index for all countries in the database (see <a href="https://labourrightsindex.org/">https://labourrightsindex.org/</a>). </span></p> <p><span>The Index is a de jure index that measures major aspects of employment regulation affecting a worker during the employment life cycle. The Labour Rights Index covers 10 topics/indica tors and 46 evaluation criteria. All of these are based on substantive elements of the Decent Work Agenda. The criteria are all grounded in UDHR, five UN Conventions, five ILO Declarations, 35 ILO Conventions, and four ILO Recommendations.</span></p> <p><span>The Labour Law database is used for the Decent Work Check, a tried and tested WageIndicator product. Created together with trade unions and employers organisations and WageIndicator teams. The Decent Work Check is used as an offline tool - in print. The check works as an awareness tool and a quick check of your labour law knowledge. The Decent Work Check is seen as an eyeopener for workers, trade unionists, employers and even labour inspectors. The data collection started in 2013 with 16 countries, and gradually more countries were added. As of today, the WageIndicator Labour Law Database holds detailed country profiles for 118 countries. More countries are scheduled for the years to come (see </span><span><a href="https://wageindicator.org/labour-laws/labour-law-around-the-world/decent-work-check"><span>https://wageindicator.org/labour-laws/labour-law-around-the-world/decent-work-check</span></a></span><span><span>)</span></span><span>. Each year, the national labour laws are checked for updates. In addition, <span> </span>the database is also used to generate Decent Work Surveys, whereby workers are informed about the <span> </span>compliance of their job with the Labour Law. In 2024 these Surveys are running in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Indonesia (see <a href="https://wageindicator.org/about/projects/multi-actor-partnership-for-improved-due-diligence-implementation-in-the-textile-sector-via-worker-and-community-based-monitoring">https://wageindicator.org/about/projects/multi-actor-partnership-for-improved-due-diligence-implementation-in-the-textile-sector-via-worker-and-community-based-monitoring</a>, <a href="https://wageindicator.org/about/projects/living-wages-in-flowers-garment-leather-in-ethiopia-phase-iii">https://wageindicator.org/about/projects/living-wages-in-flowers-garment-leather-in-ethiopia-phase-iii</a>, </span></p> <p><span><a href="https://wageindicator.org/about/projects/makin-terang-improving-work-and-worker-representation-in-indonesia">https://wageindicator.org/about/projects/makin-terang-improving-work-and-worker-representation-in-indonesia</a>). </span></p> <p><span>The data collection method is through desk research, which is possible because all national laws can be accessed<span> </span>through the Internet. The database is based on more than 13 years<span> </span>of research by WageIndicator Foundation (Netherlands) and its labour law office, i.e., the Centre for Labour Research (Pakistan). More than 30 WageIndicator team members have contributed to the Index by providing relevant data informing various indicators under the Index. </span></p> <p><span>The WageIndicator Labour Law Database includes coded labour law data for all countries with a Decent Work Check plus for countries that are scheduled to be included for the Decent Work Check tool. The codes for the Decent Work Check countries are double checked, which is not yet the case for the countries not yet included. The list of these Decent Work Check countries can be found in Table 5 in the Codebook. Table 1 provides a list of all variables and values in the database; variable type and value labels; number of observations and minimum and maximum values. Table 2 holds a list of industries, according to the NACE industry classification. Table 3 has a list of the job titles, coded according to. Table 4 includes a list of the codes and names of the bank holidays.</span></p>
INDICATORS TO EVALUATE THE LABOUR INSERTION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN CONVENTIONAL COMPANIES IN SPAIN: QUANTITIATIVE DATA SET OF DELPHI STUDY (PHASE 2 AND PHASE 3)
<p><span>The level of labor integration of people with disability (PwD) is notably lower than that of people without disabilities. In order to evaluate the success of the labor market integration of people with disabilities, it is necessary to establish a series of indicators that go beyond hiring rates. Hence, the objective of this study is to develop a list of indicators with their specified individual weight that will serve to evaluate the success of the labor market insertion of PwD in conventional companies. </span></p> <p><span>Methodology: </span></p> <p><span>The Delphi method was used. </span></p> <p><span>PHASE 1</span></p> <p><span>In Phase 1, an open-ended questionnaire was distributed to 48 human resources and disability experts. <span><br></span></span></p> <p><span>PHASE 2</span></p> <p><span>Based on the theoretical dimensions obtained, a list of 52 indicators was drawn up and the experts were asked to evaluate the importance of each item using a scale of 0 to 10 points. In addition, in this second questionnaire, they were encouraged to propose improvements in the final wording of the items, as well as in the relevance and denomination of the dimensions into which they had been grouped. No suggestions were received to modify the wording or to incorporate additional items.</span></p> <p><span>PHASE 3</span></p> <p><span>Once the scores of all the participants had been collected, a third questionnaire was sent out with the aim of achieving a statistical consensus within the group of experts. In this questionnaire, each panel member was informed of their degree of agreement or disagreement in relation to the group as a whole, without revealing the identity of the other participants. In other words, each participant was provided with information on the average rating of the group and their own initial rating (from Phase 2) of each of the 52 indicators, offering them the option to modify their response if they considered it appropriate. If they chose to change their assessment, they were asked to justify their reasons.</span></p> <p><span><span>To assess the possible convergence of opinion, the change in the responses received in the third phase with respect to the second phase was analyzed. We examined whether there had been variations in the scores given by the experts in the second phase once the group's mean ratings had been received. For this purpose, the “proportion of experts” statistic was used to verify that the average value of the responses in this third phase was within a range from [-0.5 to +0.5], compared to the average value of the scores in the second phase. In the case of non-convergence of opinion, this methodology allows for as many rounds as necessary until convergence is achieved. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>THIS DATA SET COLLECT THE ANSWERS OF THE EXPERTS OF PHASE 2 AND PHASE 3.</span></span></p>
Sub-national Water-Food-Labour Nexus in Colombia
<p>Poorer countries often face a severe trade-off: the need to improve socio-economic conditions is hard to balance with the maintenance of key ecological processes. As a case study, we select Colombia, a Latin American country with almost 10% of its inhabitants living in extreme poverty. We elaborate a<strong> water-food-labour (WFL) nexus</strong> grounded on a sub-national Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) analysis to assess the virtual water trade (VWT) and virtual informal labour (VIL) flows across administrative departments and economic sectors related to domestic trade.</p> <p>The main results are the following: high cross-departmental resource interdependence both in terms of VWT and VIL, rich departments highly depend on the resources of their neighbouring trading partners, extreme poverty conditions are shown by economically isolated departments, and considerable income inequality in the food production sectors. Moreover, departments that are net exporters of virtual water suffer from water stress that might be exacerbated by future high rainfall variability due to climate change. </p> <p>These results suggest that strategies to attain sustainable development goals (SDGs) must deal with the biophysical constraints and the economic and political feasibility of the proposed solutions. In this vein, we argue that a holistic framework, grounded on quantitative analyses, is necessary to support informed policy decisions for the simultaneous achievement of multiple (possibly contrasting) goals. Moreover, severe spatial imbalances call for local policy responses coordinated at the national level.</p>
Ecuador labour supply
<p>210,000 Job offers in Ecuador from 2013 to late 2020</p>
FIGURE 4 in Confirming the identity of the Hypogeococcus species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton (Cactaceae) in Australia: implications for biological control
FIGURE 4 Mean (± SE) development time in days of the first- and second-generation females, from the first nymph to adult emergence of the Australian Hypogeococcus (W = 39, p = 0.0545).
FIGURE 3 in Confirming the identity of the Hypogeococcus species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton (Cactaceae) in Australia: implications for biological control
FIGURE 3 Phylogenetic trees based on COI sequence data (a) maximum likelihood (IQ-TREE) and (b) Bayesian (Mr. Bayes). Branch labels indicate the ultrafast bootstrap and SH-aLRT values for the maximum likelihood tree and posterior probabilities for the Bayesian tree. Paracoccus marginatus was used as the outgroup for both trees. The host plant family is followed by the country of collection. See Table S1 for further details on host plant species and specimen collection codes for Hypogeococcus. **Country of collection includes Argentina, Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the United States.
FIGURE 2 in Confirming the identity of the Hypogeococcus species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton (Cactaceae) in Australia: implications for biological control
FIGURE 2 Phylogenetic trees based on EF1α sequence data (a) maximum likelihood (IQ-TREE) and (b) Bayesian (Mr. Bayes). Branch labels indicate the ultrafast bootstrap and SH-aLRT values for the maximum likelihood tree and posterior probabilities for the Bayesian tree. Planococcus ficus was used as the outgroup for both trees. The host plant family is followed by the country of collection. See Table S1 for further details on host plant species and specimen collection codes for Hypogeococcus.
FIGURE 5 in Confirming the identity of the Hypogeococcus species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton (Cactaceae) in Australia: implications for biological control
FIGURE 5 (a) Mean (± SE) pre-oviposition period (days) of the first virgin females, the second virgin, and second mated female generations (H = 19.491, p <0.0001), means labelled with similar letters are not significantly different (Dunn's test, p <0.05); (b) realised fecundity of the first virgin females, the second virgin and second mated female generations (H = 1.2429, p = 0.5372).
FIGURE 1 in Confirming the identity of the Hypogeococcus species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton (Cactaceae) in Australia: implications for biological control
FIGURE 1 The different morphological features of the Australian Hypogeococcus: Panels (a) and (b) show that the abdominal region has three circuli (1–3); panel (c) shows that the head region has two antennae (4), numerous slender capitate setae (5), and numerous multilocular pores (6); panel (d) shows the presence of numerous slender capitate setae (5) and numerous multilocular pores (6) in the abdominal region; panels (e) and (f) show that the posterior ventral area possess numerous multilocular pores (6) and numerous conical setae (7); panels (g) and (h) show the foreleg (8) with the curvature attachment point, mid-leg (9) and hindleg (10), both with attachment points ending in a bifurcation. These characters are consistent with Hypogeococcus pungens s.s.
Lost Labour Index over Bangladesh (Hourly; 1980-2023)
<p>The Lost Labour Index is an estimate of the amount of time per hour (in minutes) lost to outdoor workers due heat conditions. The index is adapted from work rest guidelines based on wet bulb globe temperatures. The work-rest guidelines are described by Brimicombe et al. (2023) and Jacklitsch et al. (2016), and summarised below. </p> <p>WBGT (°C) | Approximated work/rest cycles (minutes) </p> <p>>33 | 0/60 (Rest) </p> <p>30–33 | 15/45</p> <p>28–30 | 30/30</p> <p>25–28 | 30/15</p> <p>23–25 | 45/15</p> <p><23 | 60/0 (No recommendations)</p> <p>The Lost Labour Index is extrapolated from these work rest guidelines, assuming that if it is recommended that a worker must rest for n number of minutes every hour to remain safe in given temperature conditions, that labour/time is "lost" to the worker. The exact conversion is shown below: </p> <p>WBGT (°C) | Approximated work/rest cycles (minutes) | Lost Labour (minutes)</p> <p>>33 | 0/60 (Rest) | 60</p> <p>30–33 | 15/45 | 45</p> <p>28–30 | 30/30 | 30</p> <p>25–28 | 30/15 | 20</p> <p>23–25 | 45/15 | 15</p> <p><23 | 60/0 (No recommendations) | 0</p> <p>The datasets used to calculate the initial wet bulb globe temperatures (from which the Lost Labour Index was derived) were ERA5 Land (t2m, d2m, u10, v10, ssrd, ssr, strd, and strr variables) (Muñoz Sabater, 2019) and ERA5 (fdir variable - resampled to ERA5 Land spatial resolution) (Hersbach et al., 2020). The wet bulb globe temperature data was calculated using the Thermofeel library (Brimicombe et al. 2022). </p> <p>The Lost Labour Index in these files is calculated for a spatial area that covers the whole of Bangladesh (20-27 °N, 87-93 °E) and a temporal period of 1980-01-01T00:00 - 2023-12-31T23:00. The data has a spatial resolution of 0.1° and an hourly temporal resolution. Individual files are provided as zipped netCDFs for the decades of 1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009, and 2010-2019. Two separate files are provided for data from 2020-2022 and 2023 respectively. </p> <div> </div> <div><strong>References</strong></div> <div> <div> <div>Brimicombe, C. <em>et al.</em> (2022) ‘Thermofeel: A python thermal comfort indices library’, <em>SoftwareX</em>, 18, p. 101005. Available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2022.101005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2022.101005</a>.</div> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div>Brimicombe, C. <em>et al.</em> (2023) ‘Wet Bulb Globe Temperature: Indicating Extreme Heat Risk on a Global Grid’, <em>GeoHealth</em>, 7(2), p. e2022GH000701. Available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GH000701">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GH000701</a>.</div> <div> </div> <div> <div> <div>Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz‐Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R.J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., Thépaut, J-N. (2017): Complete ERA5 from 1940: Fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.143582cf">10.24381/cds.143582cf </a></div> </div> </div> <div> </div> <div>Jacklitsch, B., Williams, J., Musolin, K., Coca, A., Kim, J.-H., & Turner, N. (2016). Criteria for a recommended standard: Occupational exposure to heat and hot environments.</div> <div> <p>Muñoz Sabater, J. (2019): ERA5-Land hourly data from 1950 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.e2161bac</p> </div> </div>
Two simple movement mechanisms for spatial division of labour in social insects
<p>Many animal species divide space into a patchwork of home ranges, yet there is little consensus on the mechanisms individuals use to maintain fidelity to particular locations. Theory suggests that animal movement could be based upon simple behavioural rules that use local information such as olfactory deposits, or global strategies, such as long-range biases toward landmarks. However, empirical studies have rarely attempted to distinguish between these mechanisms. Here, we perform individual tracking experiments on four species of social insects, and find that colonies consist of different groups of workers that inhabit separate but partially-overlapping spatial zones. Our trajectory analysis and simulations suggest that worker movement is consistent with two local mechanisms: one in which workers increase movement diffusivity outside their primary zone, and another in which workers modulate turning behaviour when approaching zone boundaries. Parallels with other organisms suggest that local mechanisms might represent a universal method for spatial partitioning in animal populations.</p>
dataset on Refugees and labour market at Middle East countries
<p>Dataset with quality and quantity labour indicators and the number of refugees in host Middle Eastern countries (Egypt, Iran, Lebanon, Jordan and Turkiye) from 1991 to 2021. Data are collected from World Bank Open data and the statistics on working poverty by ILOSTAT. It includes:</p> <ul> <li>Refugee ratio (as a percentage of the total population of each country); Official development assistance.</li> <li>Quantitative labour market indicators: unemployment rate, labour force, number of own-account workers.</li> <li>Qualitative labour market indicators: distribution of employment by income level in developing countries.</li> </ul>
Database and Syntax for Analysis of the Paper: "Effects of introducing the WHO Labour Care Guide on Caesarean section: a pragmatic, stepped-wedge, cluster randomized trial in India"
<p>The following files contains the information used to analyze the trial “Implementing the WHO Labour Care Guide to reduce the use of Caesarean section in four hospitals in India: a pragmatic, stepped wedge, cluster randomized pilot trial” in which it was hypothesized that the intervention would promote correct LCG use by these providers, changing their labour monitoring and management practices to align with WHO’s intrapartum recommendations. In turn, this could reduce overuse of Caesarean section, improve maternal and newborn outcomes, and enhance women’s care experiences. </p> <p>Two datafiles with extension “csv” are uploaded. The databased named “LCG Trial Women Database (transition period included).csv” is the database which contains the data of the recruited women in the trial. There is one row per women. The databased named “LCG Trial Neonates Database (transition period included).csv” is the database which contains the data of the neonates born from the recruited women. There is one row per neonate.</p> <p>The excel file “Data Dictionary LCG to Share.xlsx” is the data dictionary of the two databases. In the sheet named “Maternal Variables” a list and description of the variables included in the maternal database is included and, in the sheet, named “Neonatal Variables” a list and description of the variables included in the neonatal database is included.</p> <p>Three files of “R” extension and one “rmd” are included. The file named “RunningModelsFunctions.R” is the one use to run the models that are included in the analyses, the file named “2. Final Analysis LCG Trial.R” is the one in which the tables are prepared, and the file named “3. LCG Results Output Final.rmd” is used to export the tables with results. The R file named “funciones.tablas.R” is used in the analyses.</p>
Two simple movement mechanisms for spatial division of labour in social insects
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Assessing non-reproductive labour in Platycerium bifurcatum
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
International Labour Office Historical Studies and Reports English
<p>This is a collection of English texts based on historical reports from the International Labour Office from the 20th century. The original documents can be found at <a href="https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/ILO-SR/">https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/ILO-SR/</a></p> <p>This collection may be used and distributed provided that the International Labour Office is always duly acknowledged as the original source and that the use is non-commercial.</p> <p>The collection was created with the tools <a href="https://curl.haxx.se/">curl</a>, <a href="https://ocrmypdf.readthedocs.io/">OCRmyPDF</a>, <a href="https://poppler.freedesktop.org/">Poppler</a> and the following script on Debian GNU/Linux.</p> <pre><code class="language-bash">curl https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/ILO-SR/ | grep -o 'ILO[^"]*engl[^"><\/]*' | uniq | sed 's,ILO,https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/ILO-SR/ILO,g' > list_of_files.txt xargs -n 1 curl -O < list_of_files.txt rm list_of_files.txt find . -name '*.pdf' -exec ocrmypdf --language eng --deskew --clean '{}' '{}' \; && find . -name '*.pdf' -exec pdftotext '{}' '{}.txt' \; rm *.pdf</code></pre>
Data file: Client-care provider interaction during labour and birth as experienced by women respect, communication, confidentiality and autonomy.
<p>This dataset consists the data used for the study: Client-care provider interaction during labour and birth as experienced by women respect, communication, confidentiality and autonomy.</p>
Youth, the international labour unions, water ethics and education. (Spanish)
<p>Presentation made at Panel 5, the Educational, Ethical, and Preservationist Water Question, The Youth and the Climatic Struggle, First International Forum of the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), in Preparation for the 2025 UNCOP30, 21-24 November 2023 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.</p>
The Role of Ethnic Enclaves in the Labour Market During the Covid-19 Crisis: An Instrumental Variable Approach
<p>Replication package for "The Role of Ethnic Enclaves in the Labour Market During the Covid-19 Crisis: An Instrumental Variable Approach"</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.