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11 results for “land sparing”
Agricultural intensification and land use change: assessing country-level induced intensification, land sparing and rebound effect
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>In the context of growing societal demands for land based products, crop production can be increased through expanding cropland or intensifying production on cultivated land. Intensification can allow sparing land for nature, but it can also drive further expansion of cropland, i.e. a rebound effect. Conversely, constraints on cropland expansion may induce intensification. We tested those hypotheses by investigating the bidirectional relations between changes in cropland area and intensity, using a global cross-country panel dataset over 1961-2016. We used a cointegration approach with additional tests to disentangle long and short-run causal relations between variables, and total factor productivity and yields as two measures of intensification. Over the long run we found support for the induced intensification thesis for low income countries. In the short run, intensification resulted in a rebound effect in middle-income countries, which include many key agricultural producers strongly competitive in global agricultural commodity markets. This rebound effect manifested for commodities with high price-elasticity of demand, including rubber, flex crops (sugarcane, palm oil and soybean), and tropical fruits. Over the long run, strong rebound effects remained for key commodities such as flex crops and rubber. Staple cereals such as wheat and rice manifested significant land sparing. In low-income countries, intensification driven by increases in total factor productivity was associated with a stronger rebound effect than yields increases. Agglomeration economies may drive yields increases for key tropical commodity crops. Our study design could allow addressing other complex long and short run causal dynamics in land and social-ecological systems.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Agricultural intensification and land use change: assessing country-level induced intensification, land sparing and rebound effect
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Data from: Avian phylogenetic and functional diversity are better conserved by land-sparing than land-sharing farming in lowland tropical forests
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Data from: How many broadleaved trees are enough in conifer plantations? The economy of land sharing, land sparing, and quantitative targets
1. For biodiversity conservation to be an effective and significant social investment, non-marketed values of biodiversity conservation and its associated opportunity costs should be evaluated in monetary terms. 2. In this study, we measured the willingness to pay (WTP) for bird abundance using a choice experiment (CE) based on the random utility model. We performed a cost–benefit analysis to identify the optimal proportion of broad-leaved trees in conifer plantations on a volume basis to maximize the social benefits of bird conservation and wood production. 3. The results suggested that respondents to the CE were not satisfied with their current situation and preferred an increase in bird abundance. However, the estimated WTP indicated diminishing returns of bird conservation. More specifically, WTP first greatly increased before gradually experiencing decreasing marginal values, reaching its peak, and finally decreasing slightly with increasing bird abundance. 4. Optimization analyses indicated that when the relation between bird abundance and broad-leaved tree proportion was convex, semi-natural plantations with non-zero broad-leaved tree proportion (0.02–0.22) were always optimal options. When the relation was linear, optimal broad-leaved tree proportion ranged from 0 to 0.78 and was greatly affected by wood values. When the relation was concave, there were only two optimal broad-leaved tree proportions: a very high proportion (approximately 0.90) and the lowest possible proportion (0). When the convex and concave relations approached the linear form, comparable benefits could be attained across broad ranges of broad-leaved tree proportion both within and across the relations. In such cases, it would be useful to increase the likelihood of a feasible land-use strategy of either land sparing or land sharing in order to be successful. 5. Synthesis and applications. It can be difficult to set quantitative targets in biodiversity conservation solely on an ecological basis, and social benefits of biodiversity conservation can create diminishing returns in many situations. The framework we proposed shows how to reconcile resource production and biodiversity conservation in the real world.
Data from: The consequences of land sparing for birds in the United Kingdom
1. Land sparing has been proposed as a strategy to reconcile biodiversity conservation with agricultural production, with empirical studies on five continents indicating that most species would benefit if food demand was met through high-yield farming combined with the protection or restoration of natural habitat. 2. Most such studies come from landscapes covered by large areas of natural habitat and without a long history of intense human modification. However, much of Europe, consists of human-dominated landscapes, where biodiversity responses to land sparing may differ. To test this, we use estimates of bird population density in different (semi-)natural habitats, and forecasts of population density in farmland habitat, to assess the future consequences for birds of land-sparing scenarios in the United Kingdom. 3. Our scenarios predict that whilst up to 18 of the 156 species assessed (predominantly farmland associated species) might decline in UK conservation status under land sparing, up to 35 UK bird species (mainly woodland and wetland species) might improve in status. This contrasts with a maximum of 8 species likely to improve in conservation status without land sparing, with up to 7 species deteriorating. 4. Combining land sparing with demand management measures (reducing food waste and the consumption of animal products) led to more positive population changes under all scenarios. 5. Synthesis and applications. Land sparing has the potential to benefit UK bird populations in aggregate but would likely have negative impacts on farmland bird species. These findings are likely to be applicable across human-dominated landscapes beyond the UK, though effects on other taxa, implementation mechanisms, and the sustainability of higher yields all require careful consideration.
Data from: The consequences of land sparing for birds in the United Kingdom
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Data from: Functional responses of insectivorous bats to increasing housing density support 'land-sparing' rather than ‘land-sharing’ urban growth strategies
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Data from: How many broadleaved trees are enough in conifer plantations? The economy of land sharing, land sparing, and quantitative targets
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Data from: Urban development, land sharing and land sparing: the importance of considering restoration
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Data from: Governance, agricultural intensification and land sparing in tropical South America
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Data from: Land sparing to make space for species dependent on natural habitats and High Nature Value farmland
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