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17 results for “land-use intensity”
Supporting data for "Mammalian species abundance across a gradient of tropical land-use intensity: A hierarchical multi-species modelling approach"
<p>Combined camera trap and live trap dataset underlying the analyses in a Biological Conservation paper (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.05.007), provided in .csv format. This spatially- and temporally-replicated dataset is suitable for occupancy modelling.</p> <p>The first 3 columns in the dataset are:</p> <p>1) Trap location name – old-growth forest, logged forest and oil palm plantation locations have the prefixes "Old", "Log" and "Palm", respectively</p> <p>2) Sampling occasion number – camera trap and live trap occasions have the prefixes “Lvtrap” and “Ctrap”, respectively, and are defined in the paper</p> <p>3) Calendar year in which sampling took place (most locations were sampled in > 1 calendar years)</p> <p>Following these 3 columns, there are 66 columns for each of the mammal species detected during the study (species common names are used). The values for each species represent the number of independent captures, as defined in the paper. This can be reduced to detection/non-detection data (zeroes and ones), if needed, for occupancy modelling.</p>
Data from: The relative importance of green infrastructure as refuge habitat for pollinators increases with local land-use intensity
<p>1. Agricultural expansion and intensification have resulted in strong declines in farmland biodiversity across Europe. In many intensively farmed landscapes, linear landscape elements such as field boundaries, road verges and ditch banks are the main remaining green infrastructures providing refuge for biodiversity, and as such play a pivotal role in agri-environmental policies aiming at mitigating biodiversity loss. Yet, while we have a fairly good understanding of how agricultural intensification influences biodiversity on farmland, little is known about whether and how local land-use intensity affects biodiversity in nearby linear landscape elements and how this affects their role as biodiversity refuge.</p> <p>2. Focussing on pollinating insects, we examined the effects of local land-use intensity on biodiversity in agricultural fields and adjacent green infrastructures. In an intensively farmed area in South-Western France, we selected 23 agricultural grasslands and nearby field boundaries along a gradient in grassland cutting frequency which acted as a proxy for land-use intensity. We analysed how grassland cutting frequency affects species richness, abundance and community composition of wild bees and hoverflies in the grasslands and neighbouring field boundaries, and whether these effects differ across habitat types and species groups.</p> <p>3. Grassland cutting frequency negatively affected pollinator species richness and abundance in the grasslands, whereas pollinators in the neighbouring field boundaries were unaffected. These responses reflected the effects of cutting frequency on floral resources, with flower cover and richness decreasing in grasslands but not in field boundaries. As a result, the proportion of the local pollinator community supported by field boundaries increased with the increasing cutting frequency of the adjacent grassland.</p> <p>4. Common and rare pollinator species generally showed similar responses. Furthermore, communities of plants and pollinators in field boundaries next to intensively farmed grasslands were fairly similar to those next to extensively farmed ones.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that, as nearby land-use intensifies, flower-rich field boundaries become increasingly important as pollinator refuge habitats. Conserving field boundaries and other green infrastructures, and maintaining or enhancing their quality, therefore constitute important tools to conserve and promote pollinators in intensively farmed landscapes.</p>
Data from: Land-use intensity and relatedness to native plants promote exotic plant invasion in a tropical biodiversity hotspot
<p>Exotic plant invasions threaten biodiversity and are costly to farmers. Land use is a major pathway promoting the spread of exotic plant species; however, little is known about the processes underlying the success of exotic plants in tropical agricultural landscapes. Focussing on the heterogeneous smallholder landscapes of north-eastern Madagascar, we studied exotic plants of understorey communities across a land-use intensity gradient from unburned lands (old-growth forests, forest fragments, and forest-derived vanilla agroforests) to burned ones (fallow-derived vanilla agroforests, woody fallows, and herbaceous fallows). </p> <p>We quantified the absolute species richness, abundance, and cover of exotic plants across land-use types and their proportional contribution to community richness, abundance, and cover as indicators of exotic plant invasion. We tested for the effects of land-use parameters, namely land-use history, canopy closure, and landscape-level forest cover, on exotic plants. Additionally, we tested whether the phylogenetic relatedness between exotic and native species in the same plot affected invasion success, testing Darwin's naturalization and pre-adaptation hypotheses. </p> <p>All indicators of exotic plant invasion were lowest in old-growth forests and forest fragments and highest in fallow-derived vanilla agroforests, woody fallows, and herbaceous fallows. Absolute and proportional exotic richness was negatively affected by canopy closure, and landscapes with high forest cover had lower proportions of exotic plant richness. High phylogenetic relatedness between exotics and natives was associated with lower proportional richness but higher proportions of exotics in abundance and cover. However, individual exotic species showed contrasting responses to land-use parameters and relatedness to natives.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our results indicate that maintaining unburned lands, land-use types with dense canopies, and landscapes with high forest cover prevents the spread of exotic plants within agricultural landscapes of north-eastern Madagascar. Supporting Darwin's pre-adaptation hypothesis, exotic plants phylogenetically closely related to native plants are more likely to become successful invaders in terms of abundance and cover. Nevertheless, individual species show different responses to land-use changes and phylogenetic relatedness. Therefore, land-use decisions and management choices can be tailored to limit the spread of exotic species and to preserve native plants in this global biodiversity hotspot.</p>
Result data from "Relative effects of land conversion and land-use intensity on terrestrial vertebrate diversity"
<p>These tif files contain the raw results of the publication "Relative effects of land conversion and land-use intensity on terrestrial vertebrate diversity", i.e. the raw data used to create the species richness loss maps shown in the main text and Supplementary Information of the publication. Please cite the publication when using these data.</p>
Data for: "Land-use intensity influences European tetrapod food-webs"
<p>These .Rdata files enable to reproduce results from our article " Signatures of land use intensity on european tetrapod food-web architectures" along with the R code provided at: https://github.com/ChrisBotella/foodwebs_vs_land_use</p> <p>- raw_data : Raw data including GBIF and iNaturalist occurrences and IUCN enveloppes used to select sites and generate species presence/absence. We provide this file for transparency and reproducibility of our methodology.</p> <p>- preprocessed_data: preprocessed data (obtained from raw_data) used to generate our article Figures along with the next file.</p> <p>- TrophicNetworksList : .Rdata containing a list of igraph objects, each igraph is a foodweb associated to a site identify by the list element name. </p> <p>- MultiRegMatrices: .Rdata containing especially the pre-computed matrix Y of cells (rows) by food web metrics (columns) and the covariate design matrix X (for the linear regressions) in order to facilitate and accelerate the reproduction of the analyses.</p>
Inconsistent responses of carabid beetles and spiders to land-use intensity and landscape complexity in Northwestern Europe
<p>Reconciling biodiversity conservation with agricultural production requires a better understanding of how key ecosystem service providing species respond to agricultural intensification. Carabid beetles and spiders represent two widespread guilds providing biocontrol services. Here we surveyed carabid beetles and spiders in 66 winter wheat fields in four Northwestern European countries and analyzed how the activity density and diversity of carabid beetles and spiders were related to crop yield (proxy for land-use intensity), percentage cropland (proxy for landscape complexity) and soil organic carbon content, and whether these patterns differed between dominant and non-dominant species. Less than 17% of carabid or spider species were classified as dominant, which accounted for more than 90% of individuals respectively. We found that carabids and spiders were generally related to different aspects of agricultural intensification. Carabid species richness was positively related with crop yield and evenness was negatively related to crop cover. The activity density of non-dominant carabids was positively related with soil organic carbon content. Meanwhile, spider species richness and non-dominant spider species richness and activity density were all negatively related to percentage cropland. Our results show that practices targeted to enhance one functionally important guild may not promote another key guild, which helps explain why conservation measures to enhance natural enemies generally do not ultimately enhance pest regulation. Dominant and non-dominant species of both guilds showed mostly similar responses suggesting that management practices to enhance service provisioning by a certain guild can also enhance the overall diversity of that particular guild.</p>
Inconsistent responses of carabid beetles and spiders to land-use intensity and landscape complexity in Northwestern Europe
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Data from: The relative importance of green infrastructure as refuge habitat for pollinators increases with local land-use intensity
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Data from: Land-use intensity and relatedness to native plants promote exotic plant invasion in a tropical biodiversity hotspot
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Data from: Does mixed-species flocking influence how birds respond to a gradient of land-use intensity?
Conservation biology is increasingly concerned with preserving interactions among species such as mutualisms in landscapes facing anthropogenic change. We investigated how one kind of mutualism, mixed-species bird flocks, influences the way in which birds respond to different habitat types of varying land-use intensity. We use data from a well-replicated, large-scale study in Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats of India, in which flocks were observed inside forest reserves, in 'buffer zones' of degraded forest or timber plantations, and in areas of intensive agriculture. We find flocks affected the responses of birds in three ways: (i) species with high propensity to flock were more sensitive to land use; (ii) different flock types, dominated by different flock leaders, varied in their sensitivity to land use and because following species have distinct preferences for leaders, this can have a cascading effect on followers' habitat selection; and (iii) those forest-interior species that remain outside of forests were found more inside flocks than would be expected by chance, as they may use flocks more in suboptimal habitat. We conclude that designing policies to protect flocks and their leading species may be an effective way to conserve multiple bird species in mixed forest and agricultural landscapes.
Effectiveness of agri-environmental management on pollinators is moderated more by ecological contrast than by landscape structure or land-use intensity
<p>Study dataset</p>
Data from: Land-use type and intensity differentially filter traits in above- and belowground arthropod communities
1. Along with the global decline of species richness goes a loss of ecological traits. Associated biotic homogenization of animal communities and narrowing of trait diversity threaten ecosystem functioning and human well-being. High management intensity is regarded as an important ecological filter, eliminating species that lack suitable adaptations. Belowground arthropods are assumed to be less sensitive to such effects than aboveground arthropods. 2. Here, we compared the impact of management intensity between (grassland vs. forest) and within land-use types (local management intensity) on the trait diversity and composition in below- and aboveground arthropod communities. 3. We used data on 722 arthropod species living above ground (Auchenorrhyncha and Heteroptera), primarily in soil (Chilopoda and Oribatida) or at the interface (Araneae and Carabidae). 4. Our results show that trait diversity of arthropod communities is not primarily reduced by intense local land use, but is rather affected by differences between land-use types. Communities of Auchenorrhyncha and Chilopoda had significantly lower trait diversity in grassland habitats as compared to forests. Carabidae showed the opposite pattern with higher trait diversity in grasslands. Grasslands had a lower proportion of large Auchenorrhyncha and Carabidae individuals, whereas Chilopoda and Heteroptera individuals were larger in grasslands. Body size decreased with land-use intensity across taxa, but only in grasslands. The proportion of individuals with low mobility declined with land-use intensity in Araneae and Auchenorrhyncha, but increased in Chilopoda and grassland Heteroptera. The proportion of carnivorous individuals increased with land-use intensity in Heteroptera in forests and in Oribatida and Carabidae in grasslands. 5. Our results suggest that gradients in management intensity across land-use types will not generally reduce trait diversity in multiple taxa, but will exert strong trait filtering within individual taxa. The observed patterns for trait filtering in individual taxa are not related to major classifications into above- and belowground species. Instead, ecologically different taxa resembled each other in their trait diversity and compositional responses to land-use differences. These previously undescribed patterns offer an opportunity to develop management strategies for the conservation of trait diversity across taxonomic groups in permanent grassland and forest habitats.
Data from: Land-use type and intensity differentially filter traits in above- and belowground arthropod communities
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Data from: The local impact of macrofauna and land-use intensity on soil nutrient concentration and exchangeability in lowland tropical Peru
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Data from: Does mixed-species flocking influence how birds respond to a gradient of land-use intensity?
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Data from: Land-use intensity and the effects of organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical meta-analysis
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Supplementary Data from "Relative effects of land conversion and land-use intensity on terrestrial vertebrate diversity"
<p>These tif-files contain gridded supplementary data produced for the publication " Relative effects of land conversion and land-use intensity on terrestrial vertebrate diversity".</p> <p>2010_area_incl_fallow_### depict the area of the respective land-use type in km2 in each grid cell.</p> <p>2010_HANPPharv_pc_### depict the land-use intensity based on intensity indicator 1 of the respective land-use type in proportion of NPPpot in each grid cell.</p>
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