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44 results for “landscape environments”
Fig. 35 in Psychodidae (Diptera) of the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area and its environs with descriptions of two new Berdeniella species from the Czech Republic
Fig. 35. Vysoký vodopád waterfall near Velký Jezerník Mt. – Marchantiopsida and moss in the spray zone, suitable for development of immature stages of several genera of psychodine moth flies. Photo Michal Ulrych.
Fig. 34 in Psychodidae (Diptera) of the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area and its environs with descriptions of two new Berdeniella species from the Czech Republic
Fig. 34. Velká kotlina basin (upper part, avalanche scars) with snow fields in June – locality of Berdeniella kocii sp. nov. Photo Michal Ulrych.
Fig. 32 in Psychodidae (Diptera) of the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area and its environs with descriptions of two new Berdeniella species from the Czech Republic
Fig. 32. Filipovické louky meadows near Horní Domašov, swamps and brooks – locality of Berdeniella kocii sp. nov. Photo Lenka Niklová.
Fig. 33 in Psychodidae (Diptera) of the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area and its environs with descriptions of two new Berdeniella species from the Czech Republic
Fig. 33. Mezikotlí (woodlands between Malá and Velká kotlina basins) – characteristic scenery of Jeseníky PLA. Photo Michal Ulrych.
Figs. 25-31 in Psychodidae (Diptera) of the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area and its environs with descriptions of two new Berdeniella species from the Czech Republic
Figs. 25-31. Berdeniella kocii sp. nov., J. 25 – basal antennomeres; 26 – wing; 27 – dorsal view of fore claw; 28 – lateral view of gonocoxite and gonostyle; 29 – dorsal view of epandrium and surstyli; 30 – dorsal view of aedeagal complex and gonopode; 31 – dorsal view of apodemal cavity (variability). Scales = 0.1 mm (Figs. 25, 27-31); 1 mm (Fig. 26).
Figs. 16-24 in Psychodidae (Diptera) of the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area and its environs with descriptions of two new Berdeniella species from the Czech Republic
Figs. 16-24. Berdeniella kocii sp. nov., J. 16 – head; 17 – facets; 18 – apical antennomeres; 19 – dorsal view of terminal lobe of labium; 20 – maxilla and maxillary palpus; 21 – lateral view of thoracic sclerites; 22 – lateral view of epandrium and surstylus; 23 – dorsal view of apodemal cavity (variability); 24 – lateral view of aedeagal complex. Scales = 0.1 mm.
Figs. 8-15 in Psychodidae (Diptera) of the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area and its environs with descriptions of two new Berdeniella species from the Czech Republic
Figs. 8-15. Berdeniella desnensis sp. nov., J. 8 – facets; 9 – apical antennomeres; 10 – dorsal view of terminal lobe of labium; 11 – dorsal view of fore claw; 12 – dorsal view of epandrium and surstyli; 13 – same, lateral view; 14 – dorsal view of aedeagal complex and gonopode; 15 – dorso-caudal view of aedeagal complex. Scales = 0.1 mm (Figs. 8-10, 12-15); 0.05 mm (Fig. 11).
Figs. 1-7 in Psychodidae (Diptera) of the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area and its environs with descriptions of two new Berdeniella species from the Czech Republic
Figs. 1-7. Berdeniella desnensis sp. nov., J. 1 – head; 2 – basal antennomeres; 3 – maxilla and maxillary palpus; 4 – lateral view of thoracic sclerites; 5 – wing; 6 – lateral view of gonocoxite and gonostyle; 7 – lateral view of aedeagal complex. Scales = 0.1 mm (Figs. 1-4, 6-7); 1 mm (Fig. 5).
Pollen collection by the western honey bee and common eastern bumble bee foraging in a common landscape and applications for agri-environment schemes
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Data from: Pest control potential of adjacent agri-environment schemes varies with crop type and is shaped by landscape context and within-field position
<ol> <li>Increasing natural pest control in agricultural fields is an important aim of ecological intensification. Combined effects of landscape context and local placement of agri-environmental schemes on natural pest control and within field distance functions of natural pest control agents have rarely been addressed but might affect the distribution of biocontrol providers. Importantly, it is currently unknown whether ecosystem services provided by adjacent agri-environmental schemes (AES) are consistent for different crop types during crop rotation.</li> <li>In this study, we assessed whether crop rotation from oilseed rape to cereals altered within-field distance functions of ground dwelling predators from adjacent agri-environmental fields along a gradient in landscape context. Additionally we recorded crop pests, predation rates, parasitoids as well as crop yields on a total of 30 study sites.</li> <li>Distance functions varied between trophic levels: Carabid richness decreased while densities of carabid beetles, staphylinid beetles as well as crop yields increased towards the field centres. Distance functions of parasitoids and pests were modulated by the amount of semi-natural habitat in the surrounding landscape, while the effects of adjacent AES were limited.</li> <li>Distance decay functions found for ground dwelling predators in oilseed rape in the previous year were not always present in cereals. Increasing distance to the field edge also increased effects of crop rotation on carabid beetle assemblages, indicating a source habitat function of field edges.</li> <li>Synthesis and applications<i>.</i> Distance functions of natural pest control are not universal and the effects of agri-environmental schemes (AES) in different adjacent crops during crop rotation vary and depends on ecological contrasts. A network of semi-natural habitats and spatially optimised AES habitats can benefit pest control in agricultural landscapes, but constraints as a result of crop type need to be addressed by annually targeted, spatially shifting AES schemes for different crops.</li> </ol> <div> </div>
Data for isolation-by-environment and its consequences for range shifts with global change: Landscape genomics of the invasive common tansy
<p>Invasive species are a growing global economic and ecological problem. However, it is not well understood how environmental factors mediate invasive range expansion. In this study, we investigated the recent and rapid range expansion of common tansy across environmental gradients in Minnesota, U.S.A. We densely sampled individuals across the expanding range and performed reduced representation sequencing to generate a dataset of 3071 polymorphic loci for 176 individuals. The dataset includes additional samples from the native range in Finland that were not used in the downstream analysis but are contributed for completeness. The dataset includes the genotype calls for all individuals sampled and sequenced. The genotype file was generated by stacks2.59 running the denovo pipeline and then using the populations function where we kept loci that were in 70% of populations and had a minor allele frequency of at least 1%. We used non-spatial and spatially-explicit analyses to determine the relative influences of geographic distance and environmental variation on patterns of genomic variation. We found no evidence for isolation-by-distance (IBD) but strong evidence for isolation-by-environment (IBE), indicating that environmental factors may have modulated patterns of range expansion.</p>
Complex urban environments provide Apis mellifera with a richer plant forage than suburban and more rural landscapes
<p>Growth in the global development of cities, and increasing public interest in beekeeping, has led to rises in the numbers of urban apiaries. Towns and cities can provide an excellent diet for managed bees, with a diverse range of nectar and pollen available throughout a long flowering season and are often more ecologically diverse than the surrounding rural environments. Accessible urban honeybee hives are a valuable research resource to gain insights into the diet and ecology of wild pollinators in urban settings. We used DNA metabarcoding of the rbcL and ITS2 gene regions to characterise the pollen community in Apis mellifera honey, inferring the floral diet, from 14 hives across an urban gradient around Greater Manchester, UK. We found that the proportion of urban land around a hive is significantly associated with an increase in the diversity of plants foraged, and that invasive and non-native plants appear to play a critical role in the sustenance of urban bees, alongside native plant species. The proportion of improved grassland, typical of suburban lawns and livestock farms, is significantly associated with decreases in the diversity of plant pollen found in honey samples. These findings are relevant to urban landscape developers motivated to encourage biodiversity and bee persistence, in line with global bio-food security agendas.</p>
Reversing declines in farmland birds: how much agri-environment provision is needed at farm and landscapes scales?
<p>1) Agri-environment schemes (AES) are the primary policy mechanism for addressing farmland biodiversity declines across Europe. Despite previous studies on the impacts of AES on biodiversity, there is little empirical evidence on the scale of provision required to reverse declines.</p> <p>2) Across three regions of lowland England with contrasting farm systems (arable, pastoral, mixed) we estimated avian Population Growth Rates (PGRs) on farmland with high AES provision ('higher-tier': average bird-friendly option cover = 7.4%), low AES provision ('lower-tier': 2.3%), and no bird-friendly AES ('no AES'). Ten-year PGRs were derived for 24 species and three multi-species groups comprising farmland-associated species ('farmland birds'), species of conservation concern ('priority birds'), and species restricted to farmland ('specialist birds'). We used PGRs to simulate the proportion of the regional farmland landscape that would have to be assigned to higher- and lower-tier agreements to stabilise or increase populations.</p> <p>3) In the arable and pastoral regions, 13/23 and 13/22 species respectively had more positive PGRs under higher-tier AES than on no AES farmland (none had more negative PGRs), compared to 4/22 (positive) and 1/22 (negative) in the mixed region. Only 2-4 species per region exhibited more positive PGRs under lower-tier AES compared to no AES farmland.</p> <p>4) Multi-species PGRs in the arable and pastoral regions increased from no AES (strong decline), to lower-tier (decline or stability) to higher-tier (moderate or strong increase). There was no overall AES effect in the mixed region.</p> <p>5) To increase regional farmland bird populations by 10% over 10-years, 47% and 26% of the farmed landscape would need to be devoted to higher-tier agreements in arable and pastoral landscapes respectively. This falls to 34% and 17% when higher-tier is targeted at localities supporting higher abundances of target species, and to 29% and 10% when 30% of the farmed landscape is also devoted to lower-tier. Priority and specialist birds require higher provision levels.</p> <p>6) Policy implications. Where farmland bird recovery is an AES objective, farms should prioritise higher-tier agreement delivery over lower-tier. Farmland bird responses to AES provision are likely to vary regionally but careful targeting will reduce the amount needed in the landscape.</p>
Complex urban environments provide Apis mellifera with a richer plant forage than suburban and more rural landscapes
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Landscape context influences efficacy of protected areas and agri-environment scheme delivery for breeding waders
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Data for isolation-by-environment and its consequences for range shifts with global change: Landscape genomics of the invasive common tansy
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Pest control potential of adjacent agri-environment schemes varies with crop type and is shaped by landscape context and within-field position
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Reversing declines in farmland birds: how much agri-environment provision is needed at farm and landscapes scales?
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Data from: Landscape heterogeneity and local adaptation define the spatial genetic structure of Pacific salmon in a pristine environment
Identifying the spatial distribution of genetic variation across the landscape is an essential step in informing species conservation. Comparison of closely related and geographically overlapping species can be particularly useful in cases where landscape may similarly influence genetic structure. Congruent patterns among species highlight the importance that landscape heterogeneity plays in determining genetic structure whereas contrasting patterns emphasize differences in species-specific ecology and life-history or the importance of species-specific adaptation to local environments. We examined the interacting roles of demography and adaptation in determining spatial genetic structure in two closely related and geographically overlapping species in a pristine environment. Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci exhibiting both neutral and putative adaptive variation, we evaluated the genetic structure of sockeye salmon in the Copper River, Alaska; these data were compared to existing data for Chinook salmon from the same region. Overall, both species exhibited patterns of isolation by distance; the spatial distribution of populations largely determined the distribution of genetic variation across the landscape. Further, both species exhibited largely congruent patterns of within- and among-population genetic diversity, highlighting the role that landscape heterogeneity and historical processes play in determining spatial genetic structure. Potential adaptive differences among geographically proximate sockeye salmon populations were observed when high FST outlier SNPs were evaluated in a landscape genetics context. Results were evaluated in the context of conservation efforts with an emphasis on reproductive isolation, historical processes, and local adaptation.
Data from: Modelling the dispersal of the two main hosts of the raccoon rabies variant in heterogeneous environments with landscape genetics
Predicting the geographic spread of wildlife epidemics requires knowledge about the movement patterns of disease hosts or vectors. The field of landscape genetics provides valuable approaches to study dispersal indirectly, which in turn may be used to understand patterns of disease spread. Here, we applied landscape genetic analyses and spatially explicit models to identify the potential path of raccoon rabies spread in a mesocarnivore community. We used relatedness estimates derived from microsatellite genotypes of raccoons and striped skunks to investigate their dispersal patterns in a heterogeneous landscape composed predominantly of agricultural, forested and residential areas. Samples were collected in an area covering 22 000 km2 in southern Québec, where the raccoon rabies variant (RRV) was first detected in 2006. Multiple regressions on distance matrices revealed that genetic distance among male raccoons was strictly a function of geographic distance, while dispersal in female raccoons was significantly reduced by the presence of agricultural fields. In skunks, our results suggested that dispersal is increased in edge habitats between fields and forest fragments in both males and females. Resistance modelling allowed us to identify likely dispersal corridors used by these two rabies hosts, which may prove especially helpful for surveillance and control (e.g. oral vaccination) activities.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.