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23 results for “lapwing”
Fig. 2 in Changing Of Wintering Site Or Recovery Provision - An Analysis Of Ringing Data Of Hungarian Lapwings, Vanellus Vanellus
Fig. 2. Recoveries of Lapwings ringed in Hungary between 1974–2005 and recovered in the Mediterranean area (dots) or in the Atlantic region (squares)
Fig. 1 in Changing Of Wintering Site Or Recovery Provision - An Analysis Of Ringing Data Of Hungarian Lapwings, Vanellus Vanellus
Fig. 1. Recoveries of Lapwings ringed in Hungary between 1909–1932 and recovered in the Mediterranean area (dots) or in the Atlantic region (squares)
Fig. 1 in New record of White-tailed lapwing (Vanellus leucurus Lichtenstein, 1823) on the south Black Sea shore in Bulgaria
Fig. 1. Two individuals of White-tailed lapwing (Vanellus leucurus) staging on the beach near Veleka River mouth, 26.04.2022 (Photo by Yana Yordanova).
Spur-winged lapwings show spatial behavioral types with different mobility and exploration between urban and rural individuals
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Data for: Beyond simple habituation: Anthropogenic habitats influence the escape behavior of spur-winged lapwings in response to both human and non-human threats
<p>Habitat development may affect wildlife behavior, favoring individuals or behaviors that cope better with perceived threats (predators). Bolder behaviors in human-dominated habitats (HDH; e.g., urban and rural settlements) may represent habituation specifically to humans, or a general reduction in predator-avoidance response. However, such carry-over effects across threat types (i.e., beyond humans) and phases of the escape sequence have not been well studied to date. Here we investigated escape behaviors of a locally common wader species, the spur-winged lapwing (Vanellus spinosus). We assayed their flight initiation distance (FID) and subsequent escape behaviors in agricultural areas and in HDH. We found that lapwings in HDH were bolder, and that the difference was manifested in several phases of the predator-avoidance sequence (shorter FIDs, shorter distances fled, and a higher probability of escape by running vs. flying). When re-approached (by an observer) after landing, lapwings in HDH were also more repetitive in their FID than those in other habitats. To determine whether this apparent bolder behavior in HDH areas is merely a consequence of habituation to humans or represents a broader behavioral change, we introduced an additional threat type – a remotely-operated taxidermic jackal ("Jack-Truck"). Finding bolder responses in the HDH to the human threat alone (and not to the Jack-Truck) could have supported the habituation hypothesis. In contrast, however, we found a bolder response in the HDH to both threat types, as well as a correlation between their FIDs across different sites. These bolder behaviors suggest that HDH impose a broader behavioral change on lapwings, rather than just simple habituation. Overall, our findings demonstrate how FID trials can reveal strong behavioral carry-over effects of HDH following human and non-human threats, including effects on the subsequent phases of escaping the predator. Further, FID assays may reveal consistent behavioral types when assessed under field conditions, and offer a direct way to differentiate among the various poorly understood and non-mutually exclusive mechanisms that lead to behavioral differences among organisms in HDH. The mechanistic perspective is essential for understanding how rapid urbanization impacts wildlife behavior, populations, and the range of behaviors within them, even in species apparently resilient to such environmental changes.</p>
Data for: Beyond simple habituation: Anthropogenic habitats influence the escape behavior of spur-winged lapwings in response to both human and non-human threats
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Data from: Individuality in northern lapwing migration and its link to timing of breeding
We tracked eight adult northern lapwings, Vanellus vanellus, (six females and two males) from a Dutch breeding colony by light-level geolocation year-round, three of them for multiple years. We show that birds breeding virtually next to each other may choose widely separated wintering grounds, stretching from nearby the colony west towards the UK and Ireland, and southwest through France into Iberia and Morocco. However, individual lapwings appeared relatively faithful to a chosen wintering area, and timing of outward and homeward migration can be highly consistent between years. Movements of migratory individuals were usually direct and fast, with some birds covering distances of approximately 2000 km within 2 to 4 days of travel. The two males wintered closest and returned earliest to the breeding colony. The female lapwings returned well before the onset of breeding, spending a pre-laying period of 19 to 54 days in the wider breeding area. Despite the potential for high migration speeds, the duration that birds were absent from the breeding area increased with distance to wintering areas, a pattern which was mainly driven by an earlier outward migration of birds heading for more distant wintering grounds. Moreover, females that overwintered closer to colony bred earlier. A large variation in migration strategies found even within a single breeding colony has likely supported the species' responsiveness to recent climate change as evidenced by a shortened migration distance and an advanced timing of reproduction in Dutch lapwings since the middle of the 20th century.
FIGURES 40, 42–45. 40 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 40, 42–45. 40. Area of testes and female genital complex from a contracted, fully-developed, non-senescing adults fixed with no compression. Note the close proximity of the ovary to the anterior testis and the overlap of the two testes. 42. Area of testes and female genital complex of a senescing adult. Note the reduced number of eggs present, the irregular shape of the anterior testis and the separation of the anterior testis from the surrounding parenchyma. 43. Area of testes and female genital complex from a fully-developed, non-senescing adults fixed with compression. Note the anterior testis is contiguous with both the ovary and the posterior testis. 44. Area of testes and female genital complex of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult. Note the three different sized and dissimilar testes. 45. Midlevel region of body of a senescing adult. Note the lack of normally developing eggs and miracidia in the uterus. Abbreviations: AE, abnormally developing eggs in uterus in which there was what appeared to be primordial material and/or yolk material present, but with no miracidial development evident; AT, anterior testis; C, cecum; CT, centrally-located testis-like structure; EE, empty eggs; OV, ovary; PT, posterior testis; U, uterus.
FIGURES 1, 7 & 8. 1 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 1, 7 & 8. 1. Fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression, ventral view. 7. Young adult fixed with minimal compression, ventral view. Note that in figures 1 & 7 that the placement of the testes are diagonal with the anterior testis on the right while the posterior testis and ovary are on the left side. In some specimens in this species the position of the gonads may be the opposite of this in a ventral view (mirror image, see fig. 1 of the original description by Dronen et al. 2013). 8. Senescing adult fixed with minimal compression, ventral view. Note the space developing around the testes and the reduced amount of sperm present in the seminal vesicle and receptacle. Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; C, cecum; OV, ovary; PT, posterior testis; U, uterus; V, vitelline fields.
FIGURES 36–39. 36 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 36–39. 36. Area of testes and female genital complex from a fully-developed, non-senescing adults fixed with minimal compression. Note the ovary is clearly pretesticular and the testes are diagonal and close together. 37. Area of testes and female genital complex from a young adult. Note the ovary is clearly pretesticular and the testes are nearly tandem and separated by a wide intertesticular space. 38. Area of testes and female genital complex from a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression. Note the prestesticular ovary is located across from anterior margin of anterior testis and the testes are large and contiguous. 39. Area of testes and female genital complex from a fully-developed, non-senescing adults fixed with minimal compression. Note the ovary is across from the anterior testis. Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; CY, cyclocoel arch; OV, ovary; PT, posterior testis; SR, seminal receptacle; U, uterus.
FIGURES 27–30 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 27–30. Diagrammatic representation showing the variability in the location of the genital pore. 27. Located about a third of distance up pharynx from the esophagus; 28. Located at about the posterior fourth of pharynx. 29. Located just anterior to posterior margin of pharynx. 30. Located at posterior margin of pharynx. Abbreviations: C, cecum; GP, genital pore; M, miracidium; P, pharynx; OS, oral sucker; SV, seminal vesicle; U, uterus.
FIGURES 9–11. 9 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 9–11. 9. Posterior region of a senescing adult fixed with minimal compression. 10. Vitelline fields of a senescing adult fixed with minimal compression showing indistinct follicles in the vitelline fields. 11. Area of female genital complex from a senescing adult fixed with minimal compression. Note the Mehlis' glands are reduced in number and no longer entirely surrounded the oötype chamber. Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; B, adjacent to the body wall; MG, Mehlis' glands; OV, ovary; SP, surrounding parenchyma; SS, space of separation of testis from parenchyma; T, testis pulling away from the surrounding parenchyma; U, uterus; V, vitelline fields.
FIGURES 23–26. 23 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 23–26. 23. Region of intestinal bifurcation of fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression. Note the cirrus sac surpasses the relatively thin cecum. 24. Region of intestinal bifurcation of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression. Note the extent of cirrus sac relative to width of cecum at level of intestinal bifurcation. 25. Region of intestinal bifurcation of an unusually elongated, fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression. Note the extent of cirrus sac relative to width of cecum and the slender ceca. 26. Region of intestinal bifurcation of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed without compression. Note the extensive contraction of the specimen, the dramatically swollen ceca, and the posterior extent of the cirrus sac relative to the cecum. Abbreviations: C, cecum; CS, cirrus sac; GP, area of genital pore; M, miracidium; P, pharynx; SV, seminal vesicle; U, uterus.
FIGURES 5–6. 5 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 5–6. 5. Uterus immediately posterior to mid-level of body of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression showing first development of miracidial eyespots in eggs and eggs that were not in a flat plane. 6. Newlyformed eggs of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression from the most proximal aspect of the uterus. Note the tendency for eggs to become collapsed. Abbreviation: E, eggs.
FIGURES 2–4. 2 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 2–4. 2.Eggs and miracidia in distal uterus of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression showing an egg hatching with miracidium being released from the egg shell; examples of fully-developed eggs prior to swelling and hatching and examples of eggs in the process of swelling just prior to hatching. 3. Area of intestinal bifurcation of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression. 4. Uterus near anterior third of body of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression. Abbreviations: B, miracidium within egg exerting pressure on shell forming a curved (banana) shape; C, cecum; HE, hatching egg; M, miracidia; N, examples of fully-developed eggs prior to swelling and hatching; P, pharynx; S, eggs in the process of swelling just prior to hatching; SV, seminal vesicle filled with sperm; U, uterus (metraterm).
FIGURES 35 and 41. 35 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 35 and 41. 35. Area between pharynx and intestinal bifurcation showing collapsed esophagus. Abbreviations: C, swollen ceca; ES, anterior half of esophagus folded over the posterior half forming an S-shaped configuration; P, pharynx; OS, oral sucker. 41. Illustration of atrophying ovary from a senescing adult. Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; OT, oötype; OV, Ovary; SR, seminal receptacle; U, uterus; VA, vacuolization.
FIGURES 12–14. 14 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 12–14. 14. Middle third of body of senescing adult fixed with minimal compression; photograph taking slightly out of focus to demonstrate the relative position of eggs to the uterine wall. 13. Abnormally developing eggs in uterus of a senescing adult specimen fixed with minimal compression. 14. Unhatched eggs in middle third of the uterus of a senescing adult fixed with minimal compression where shells were intact, but there was no contents present within the shell. Abbreviations: AE, abnormally developing eggs in uterus in which there was what appeared to be primordial material and/or yolk material present, but with no miracidial development evident; C, cecum; EE, empty eggs; N, examples of fully-developed eggs prior to swelling and hatching; U, uterus.
FIGURES 31–34 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 31–34. Diagrammatic representations showing the variability in the location of the genital pore (cont.). 31. Located immediately posterior to posterior margin of pharynx or a short distance posterior to it. 32. Located some distance posterior to the posterior margin of the pharynx near anterior end of esophagus. 33. Located a short distance posterior to the intestinal bifurcation. Note that the area of terminal genital canals shows the canals extending anteriorly some distance then reflexing posteriorly to join in the genital atrium at, or just posterior to the pharynx giving the impression that the genital pore opening was located more anterior in the posterior aspect of the pharynx. 34. Located a short distance anterior to the posterior margin of the pharynx and submedian. Note that the area between pharynx and intestinal bifurcation appears to exhibit contractioninduced shortening of the distance from the pharynx to the intestinal bifurcation, and a dextral rotation and displacement of the pharynx posteriorly. Abbreviations: C, cecum; ES, esophagus; GP, genital pore; OS, oral sucker; P, pharynx; PP, prepharynx; SV, seminal vesicle; U, uterus.
FIGURES 19–22. 19 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 19–22. 19. Distorted posterior end of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed without compression. 20. Area of intestinal bifurcation of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression. 21. Area of intestinal bifurcation of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression. Note the posterior extent of cirrus sac overreaches about two thirds of width of cecum. 22. Ventral view of anterior end of fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed with minimal compression, dorsal view. Note internally the pharynx has been rolled slightly to the right and shifted slightly posteriorly, while externally the genital pore has been shifted to the right and the cecum on the right is somewhat swollen, and the cirrus sac surpasses the level of the intestinal bifurcation posteriorly. Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; BI, intestinal bifurcation; BW, body wall; C, cecum; CS, posterior extent of cirrus sac; EP, excretory pore; EV, excretory vesicle; GP, genital pore; OS, oral sucker; P, pharynx; PT, posterior testis; SV, seminal vesicle; U, uterus.
FIGURES 15–18. 15 in Intraspecific variation in adult Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 (Cyclocoelidae: Haematotrephinae) from two collection sites of white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae), in Iraq
FIGURES 15–18. 15. Area of seminal vesicle of a senescing adult fixed with minimal compression. 16. Contracted anterior end of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed without compression. 17. Distorted anterior end of a fully-developed, nonsenescing adult fixed without compression. Note the inflated uterus, submedian placement of the genital pore, the anterior extent of the vitelline fields are pulled anteriorly to level of pharynx, and the pharynx is rotated off the midline of the body. 18. Distorted posterior end of a fully-developed, non-senescing adult fixed without compression. Abbreviations: BW, body wall showing the effects of contraction (scalloped to crenated); C, cecum; EV, collapsed excretory vesicle; GP, genital pore; N, examples of fully-developed eggs prior to swelling and hatching; P, pharynx; PT, posterior testis; SV, seminal vesicle with comparatively little sperm present; U, uterus; V, vitelline fields.
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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