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34 results for “large animals”
Computational analysis of cortical neuronal excitotoxicity in a large animal model of neonatal brain injury
<p>This is the dataset accompanying the manuscript:</p> <p><strong>"Computational Analysis of Cortical Neuronal Excitotoxicity in a Large Animal Model of Neonatal Brain Injury"</strong></p> <p>Panagiotis Kratimenos<sup>1,2,5 </sup>*, Abhya Vij<sup>5</sup>, Robinson Vidva<sup>6</sup>, Ioannis Koutroulis<sup>3,4,5</sup>, Maria Delivoria-Papadopoulos<sup>7</sup>**, Vittorio Gallo<sup>1,5</sup>, and Aaron Sathyanesan<sup>1,5</sup>*</p> <p><em><sup>1</sup></em><em>Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA</em></p> <p><em><sup>2</sup></em><em>Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA</em></p> <p><em><sup>3</sup></em><em>Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA</em></p> <p><em><sup>4</sup></em><em>Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research Institute and Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA</em></p> <p><em><sup>5</sup></em><em>George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA</em></p> <p><em><sup>6</sup></em><em>Digirobi Solutions, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India</em></p> <p><em><sup>7</sup></em><em>Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA</em></p> <p>*Corresponding Authors:</p> <p>Panagiotis Kratimenos, MD, PhD: <a href="mailto:panagiotis.kratimenos@childrensnational.org">panagiotis.kratimenos@childrensnational.org</a></p> <p>Aaron Sathyanesan, PhD: <a href="mailto:asathyanesan@childrensnational.org">asathyanesan@childrensnational.org</a></p> <p>111 Michigan Avenue, Washington, DC, 20010, USA</p>
Geomorphology shapes relationships between animal communities and ecosystem function in large rivers
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Understanding how the Earth's surface (i.e., 'nature's stage') influences connections between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) is a central objective in ecology. Despite recent calls to examine these connections at multiple trophic levels and at more complex and realistic scales, little is known about how landscape structure shapes BEF relationships among animal communities in nature. We coupled high-resolution habitat mapping with extensive field sampling to quantify connections among the geophysical habitat templet, invertebrate assemblages, and secondary production in two large North American riverscapes. Patterns of sediment size governed invertebrate assemblage structure, with particularly strong effects on composition, richness, and taxonomic and functional diversity. These relationships propagated to drive positive relationships between biodiversity and secondary production that were modified by scale, context-dependencies, and anthropogenic modification. Finally, leveraging spatially explicit descriptions of geophysical and biological properties, we uncovered distinct and nested spatial scales of biodiversity and secondary production, and suggest that multiple geophysical processes simultaneously influence these patterns at different scales. Together, our findings advance our understanding of relationships between the physical templet and patterns of BEF, and help to predict </span>how perturbations to the Earth's surface may propagate to influence biodiversity and energy flux through food webs.<span> </span></p>
"I made the recording because Iam an amateur recording engineer and also work for a radio station. At the time, Iwas researching for a religious programme, for the radio and by pure chance and good luck, Iwas in the centre of York at the time the street preacher was there. Iam building up a personal library of 'ambient sounds' to use on various radio shows as 'sound effects'. The recording was taken outside St Helen's Church in St Helen's Square, in the centre of York. There was a fairly large crowd walking about, shopping. It was a Saturday. Some people were standing and listening to the man, some were mocking him, others didn't even notice. It was a sunny day, with a slight wind. St Helen's square is a large 'meeting place' for people with seats, flowers and usually musicians. I live in the centre of York and hear a lot of very interesting sounds there, everything from busking musicians, to many foreign languages, church bells, animals and much more. Ireally liked the recording of the preacher as it is quite clear that he passionately believes what he is saying. He was unaware that Iwas recording him. Iwish Ihad captured his whole sermon. He, and other members of his church visit the centre of York quite often, and preach there. Idon't know the name of his church." [Jools/vedas]19 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice
"I made the recording because Iam an amateur recording engineer and also work for a radio station. At the time, Iwas researching for a religious programme, for the radio and by pure chance and good luck, Iwas in the centre of York at the time the street preacher was there. Iam building up a personal library of 'ambient sounds' to use on various radio shows as 'sound effects'. The recording was taken outside St Helen's Church in St Helen's Square, in the centre of York. There was a fairly large crowd walking about, shopping. It was a Saturday. Some people were standing and listening to the man, some were mocking him, others didn't even notice. It was a sunny day, with a slight wind. St Helen's square is a large 'meeting place' for people with seats, flowers and usually musicians. I live in the centre of York and hear a lot of very interesting sounds there, everything from busking musicians, to many foreign languages, church bells, animals and much more. Ireally liked the recording of the preacher as it is quite clear that he passionately believes what he is saying. He was unaware that Iwas recording him. Iwish Ihad captured his whole sermon. He, and other members of his church visit the centre of York quite often, and preach there. Idon't know the name of his church." [Jools/vedas]19
Geomorphology shapes relationships between animal communities and ecosystem function in large rivers
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The ability to disperse large seeds, rather than body mass alone, defines the importance of animals in a hyper-diverse seed dispersal network
<p>1. Large-bodied animals play irreplaceable roles in seed dispersal, partly due to their capacity to disperse large seeds. Understanding this role at a community level has been limited by the paucity of network studies that include large vertebrates, and the almost complete absence of studies including synzoochoric dispersers. Synzoochoric dispersers can disperse seeds disproportionately large for their body size, potentially overlapping the roles of large-bodied animals. A comprehensive network, inclusive of large vertebrates and synzoochorous dispersers, is imperative to understand seed dispersal at a community level.</p> <p>2. Here, we analysed the seed dispersal network of a hyper-diverse Sundaic forest in Malaysia using local ecological knowledge and including multiple forms of endozoochorous and synzoochorous dispersal. We evaluated the extent to which three disperser traits: body mass, seed-handling ability (size of the largest seed dispersed), and diet explained the importance of animals in the network. We evaluated dispersers' relative importance using four network metrics — degree of specialisation (nested rank), species strength, within-module connectivity (z-value), and between-modules connectivity (c-value).</p> <p>3. We found that seed-handling ability had the biggest effect on a disperser's importance, with strong effects on three network metrics (species strength, ecological specialization, z-value) and moderate effects on connectivity between modules. Body mass was important in defining interactions within modules, and dietary differences defined the ecological specialisation of species in seed dispersal.</p> <p>4. Important dispersers in our network were large-seed dispersers (e.g., rats, gibbons), large-bodied animals, in particular the Asian elephant, and animals with frugivorous diets such as hornbills.</p> <p>5. Synthesis. Our work uncovers the significance of seed-handling ability in identifying pivotal seed dispersal roles in tropical rainforests. Key dispersers include large-bodied herbivores and medium-sized frugivores that could disperse large seeds by endozoochory, and smaller rodents that dispersed similar-sized seeds by synzoochory. Many of the species that emerged as particularly important for the seed dispersal network are currently threatened (e.g., the Asian elephant, gibbons, and hornbills). Their protection or reintroduction should be a top conservation priority. </p>
Data from: An inexpensive and open-source method to study large terrestrial animal diet and behavior using time-lapse video and GPS
1. The behavior of free-ranging animals is difficult to study, especially on the large spatial and temporal scales relevant to long-lived large species. Animal-borne video and environmental data collection systems (AVEDs) record behavior and other data in real time as animals conduct daily activities. However, few studies have combined systematically collected, long term AVED foraging data with environmental and movement data to test hypotheses on animal foraging. Additionally, AVEDs are often either prohibitively expensive, or require extensive fabrication and programming knowledge. 2. The video and coordinate animal-mounted system (VACAMS) is an animal-mounted data collection system based on a modified GoPro® action camera platform that records short, first "person" perspective videos of animal behavior on an automated time-lapse schedule. As most videos are georeferenced, researchers can return to the locations of specific behaviors and collect accurate, fine-grained data on non-woody vegetation and other habitat characteristics that may influence animal behavior. Moreover, VACAMS are inexpensive and easy to use. 3. This study describes VACAMS preliminary data on cattle foraging and a hypothesis exploring free-ranging cattle browsing habits throughout the rainy season in the tropical dry forest of Sonora, Mexico. I generated a database of vegetation types consumed by cows each month (Annual, Woody, and Leaf litter) and compared actual vegetation type frequencies to a priori assumptions based on seasonal patterns of forage availability. During the monsoons, when palatable vegetation was abundant, frequencies of annual and woody perennial vegetation in cattle diets did not differ from month to month. When the rains ceased and palatable vegetation became scarce, cows switched to leaf litter, dead annual vegetation, twigs, and dried leguminous fruits. 4. Open source software and commercially available hardware make VACAMS financially attainable for many researchers, land managers, students, and other user groups. VACAMS could be used on a range of domestic and semi-domestic free-ranging animals, particularly in dense forests where conventional observations are impossible. With improvements to GPS battery life and durability, the weakest points of the system, VACAMS could also potentially apply to studies of other large terrestrial animals.
The ability to disperse large seeds, rather than body mass alone, defines the importance of animals in a hyper-diverse seed dispersal network
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Data from: An inexpensive and open-source method to study large terrestrial animal diet and behavior using time-lapse video and GPS
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Animation, MESA inlists, and post-processing package for "Is Betelgeuse really rotating? Synthetic ALMA observations of large-scale convection in 3D simulations of Red Supergiants"
<p>Videos, post-processing package for mock ALMA observations, MESA (r23.05.1 with mesasdk-x86_64-linux-23.7.3) inlists and history files, Jupyter notebook and data to reproduce figures of the paper "Is Betelgeuse really rotating? Synthetic ALMA observations of large-scale convection in 3D simulations of Red Supergiants".</p>
Distribution of 8 species of large-seeded pines and their primary animal seed-dispersers in China: match or mismatch?
<p class="1"><span><b>Aim: </b>The geographic distribution of plants influenced by seed dispersal, but this influence on plants that use animals as seed dispersers is often overlooked. Here, we took large-seeded pines and primary seed dispersers as examples to explore the effects of existing or potential seed dispersal on the distribution of plants based on the geographical distribution of the two trophic species, it required understanding of (a) the distribution range and distribution characteristics of each species, and (b) the overlapping of distribution areas of animals and plants to explore whether they match.</span></p> <p class="1"><span><b>Location: </b>China</span></p> <p class="1"><span><b>Methods:</b> To find the target species, we identified eight large-seeded pine species in China in terms of seed size and wing traits as well as four primary seed disperser species in terms of body size, seed-diet, food hoarding behavior and frequencies in existing studies. Then, we obtained species distribution information from books and literature and used ArcGIS for mapping. Finally, we analyzed the distribution relationship by overlapping the distribution areas and patterns comprehensively. </span></p> <p class="1"><span><b>Results: </b>We identified eight species of large-seeded pines (<i>Pinus fenzeliana</i>,<i> P. gerardiana</i>,<i> P. dabeshanensis</i>,<i> P. koraiensis</i>,<i> P. pumila, P. bungeana, P. armandii</i>, and<i> P. sibirica</i>) and four species of primary seed dispersers (<i>Nucifraga caryocatactes</i>,<i> Sciurus vulgaris</i>,<i> Tamias sibiricus</i>, and<i> Sciurotamias davidianus</i>). These eight species of large-seeded pines interlaced from the Northeast to the Southwest of China along the mountains with an average altitude of 1000-2000 m, while each species of primary seed disperser had a wide distribution range that overlapped completely or partially with that of four or more species of the large-seeded pines. Not only that, our findings provided potential seed dispersers for pines that lack sufficient research on seed dispersal.</span></p> <p class="1"><span><b>Main conclusions:</b> The distribution pattern of large-seeded pines and the primary seed dispersers was matched, we believed that reciprocal relationship promotes this distribution pattern. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating the ecological consequences of geographical distribution into reciprocal interactions between species and biodiversity conservation.</span></p>
Data from: Number of neighbors instead of group size significantly affects individual vigilance levels in large animal aggregations
The group size effect states that animals living in groups gain anti-predator benefits through reducing vigilance levels as group size increases. A basic assumption of group size effect is that all individuals are equally important for a focal individual, who may adjust its vigilance levels according to social information acquired from them. However, some studies have indicated that neighbors pose greater influences on an individual's vigilance decisions than other group members, especially in large aggregations. Vigilance has also been found to be directed to both predators (anti-predation vigilance) and conspecifics (social vigilance). Central individuals might rely more on social vigilance than peripheral individuals. To test these hypotheses, we examined the effects of flock size, number of neighbors and position within a flock on vigilance and competition of greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) that form large foraging flocks in winter, controlling the effects of other variables (group identity, winter period, and site). We found that individual vigilance levels were significantly affected by number of neighbors and position within a flock, whereas flock size showed no effect. Individuals devoted a large component of vigilance to nearby flock mates. Central individuals directed a relatively larger proportion of vigilance to monitor neighbors than peripheral ones, indicating that central individuals more relied on social information acquired from neighbors, possibly caused by the more blocked visual field of central individuals. Moreover, some social vigilance may function as conducting or preventing agonistic interactions since competition intensity was positively correlated with number of neighbors. Our study therefore demonstrate that the number of neighbors is more important than group size in determining individual vigilance in large animal groups. Further studies are still needed to unravel which neighbors pose greater influence on individual vigilance, and the factors that influence individuals to acquire information from their neighbors to adjust vigilance behaviors.
Data for: Complex battlefields favor strong soldiers over large armies in social animal warfare
<p>In social <span class="queryIcon"><span class="queryIdentifier"></span></span>animals, success can depend on the outcome of group battles. Theoretical models of warfare predict that group fighting ability is proportional to two key factors: the strength of each soldier in the group and group size. The relative importance of these factors is predicted to vary across environments [F. W. Lanchester, <em class="i">Aircraft in Warfare, the Dawn of the Fourth Arm</em> (1916)]. Here, we provide an empirical validation of the theoretical prediction that open environments should favor superior numbers, whereas complex environments should favor stronger soldiers [R. N. Franks, L. W. Partridge, <em class="i">Anim. Behav.</em> <strong class="b">45</strong>, 197–199 (1993)]. We first demonstrate this pattern using simulated battles between relatively strong and weak soldiers in a computer-driven algorithm. We then validate this result in real animals using an ant model system: In battles in which the number of strong native meat ant <em class="i">Iridomyrmex purpureus</em> workers is constant while the number of weak non-native invasive Argentine ant <em class="i">Linepithema humile</em> workers increases across treatments, fatalities of <em class="i">I. purpureus</em> are lower in complex than in simple arenas. Our results provide controlled experimental evidence that investing in stronger soldiers is more effective in complex environments. This is a significant advance in the empirical study of nonhuman warfare and is important for understanding the competitive balance among native and non-native invasive ant species.</p>
Data from: Number of neighbors instead of group size significantly affects individual vigilance levels in large animal aggregations
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Data from: Empirical evidence for large X-effects in animals with undifferentiated sex chromosomes
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Data from: Logging and indigenous hunting impacts on persistence of large Neotropical animals
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Cones structure and seed traits of four species of large-seeded pines: adaptation to animal-mediated dispersal
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Data for: Complex battlefields favor strong soldiers over large armies in social animal warfare
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Distribution of 8 species of large-seeded pines and their primary animal seed-dispersers in China: match or mismatch?
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Data from: Environmental correlates of large-scale spatial variation in the δ13C of marine animals (and related published studies of carbon and nitrogen isotopic baselines)
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Deep Learning for Assessing the Targeting Effect of Numerous Microrobots in Large Animal Arteries using MRI Images
<p>Raw Images for Deep Learning Training</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.