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29 results for “large ungulate”
Data on the abundance of wild ungulates and large carnivores in the Roztocze National Park (south-east Poland), 2007-2022
<p>Data on the abundance of wild ungulates and large carnivores in the Roztocze National Park (south-east Poland), 2007-2022</p>
FIGURE 11 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 11. Body mass of caballine Equidae (Equus ferus and E. mosbachensis) in Middle and Late Pleistocene localities from Britain and Germany. For explanation of graph, see Figure 6.
FIGURE 10 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 10. Body mass of bovine Bovidae (Bison priscus and Bos primigenius) from Middle and Late Pleistocene localities of Britain and Germany. For explanation of graph, see Figure 6.
FIGURE 8 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 8. Body mass of Rhinocerotidae from Pleistocene localities of Britain and Germany. For explanation of graph, see Figure 6.
FIGURE 9 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 9. Linear regressions of body mass (kg) of Bovidae and Equus ferus/mosbachensis from localities with pollen records, and minimum, maximum and mean NAP % in the pollen records of the localities. Each point represents an individual specimen. Numbers of specimens per each locality are given in brackets after the locality names.
FIGURE 7 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 7. Body mass of Megacerini, Rangifer tarandus and Alcini in Middle and Pleistocene localities from Britain and Germany. For explanation of graph, see Figure 6.
FIGURE 3 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 3. Linear regressions of mean mesowear values of deer (Cervidae) from localities with pollen records, and minimum, maximum and mean NAP % in the pollen records of the localities. Numbers of specimens per locality are given in brackets after the locality names. For Megacerini, the samples from Grays Thurrock and Ireland are Megaloceros giganteus; those from Boxgrove, West Runton and Voigstedt combine Praemegaceros verticornis, P. dawkinsi and Megaloceros savini. For Dama the specimens from Boxgrove are D. cf. roberti; others are D. dama.
FIGURE 6 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 6. Body mass of Cervus elaphus, Dama spp. and Capreolus capreolus in Middle and Late Pleistocene localities from Britain and Germany. The localities are arranged from oldest (right) to youngest (left) estimated age. The middle line in the diamonds marks the mean body mass and the upper and lower lines mark the 95% confidence limits of the mean. Diamonds that do not overlap at the 95% lines indicate statistically significant difference between populations. The central line in the figures indicates the combined mean body mass of all the populations. The individual body mass estimates of each specimen are shown as data points. Sample sizes are given in brackets for each locality.
FIGURE 5 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 5. Linear regressions of body mass (kg) of deer (Cervidae) from localities with pollen records, and minimum, maximum and mean NAP % in the pollen records of the localities. Each point represents an individual specimen. Numbers of specimens per locality are given in brackets after the locality names.
FIGURE 2 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 2. Linear regressions of mean mesowear values of the ungulates in the local palaeocommunities and NAP % in the pollen records of the localities with (1.1.) minimum NAP %, (1.2.) maximum NAP % and (1.3.) mean NAP %.
FIGURE 1 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 1. The localities included in this study from England and Ireland (1.1) and from Germany (1.2). The maps (1.1) and (1.2) are not to the same scale.
FIGURE 4 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation
FIGURE 4. Linear regressions of mean mesowear values of Bovidae, Equus ferus and Rhinocerotidae from localities with pollen records, and minimum, maximum and mean NAP % in the pollen records of the localities. Numbers of specimens per locality are given in brackets after the locality names. Bison from Mauer is B. schoetensacki; from other localities, B. priscus.
Data for the manuscript entitled "Factors driving large-scale ungulate carrion production in the Anthropocene"
<p>Data for the article entitled "Factors driving large-scale ungulate carrion production in the Anthropocene". The data includes 5 main datasets, each of those corresponding to 5 main carrion production sources in terrestrial ecosystems in peninsular Spain, namely; 1) Livestock, 2) Big Game Hunting, 3) Roadkills, 4) Predation and 5) Natural mortality. </p> <p>In case of any doubt/s or enquiries regarding this data, please, send an email to the corresponding author; Jon Morant Etxebarria (email: jmorant@aranzadi.eus). </p> <p> </p>
Data from: "Influence of natal habitat preference on habitat selection during extra-home range movements in a large ungulate"
<p>Secondary dataset used for analysis in "Influence of natal habitat preference on habitat selection during extra-home range movements in a large ungulate". Raw GPS relocation data are not publicly available due to potential ethical implications but are available from the corresponding author (Nathan Hooven, nathan.d.hooven@gmail.com) upon reasonable request. Files include:</p> <p>deer_data_6.csv: Sampled covariate values for each used and available location used in SSF analysis</p> <p>Metadata: Metadata information for deer_data_6.csv</p>
Data from: Assessing the relationship between illegal hunting of ungulates, wild prey occurrence and livestock depredation rate by large carnivores
1. Illegal hunting of ungulates can reduce the prey base of carnivores, which can increase human-carnivore conflict (HCC) through livestock depredation. However, the relationship between ungulate poaching, wild prey abundance and livestock depredation has rarely been empirically studied. 2. We surveyed 18 sites across the Hyrcanian forest in northern Iran; a global biodiversity hotspot under pressure of illegal hunting of ungulates, prey depletion, livestock grazing and HCC. We conducted three field surveys across 1204 km in 93 4×4 km cells to count signs of ungulate poaching as well as encounters with livestock and prey species of the Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor and the grey wolf Canis lupus. We documented sheep/goat and cattle depredation from interviews with 201 herders and analysed the effects of illegal hunting of ungulates, forest cover, IUCN categories of reserves, elevation, distance to villages, and wild prey and livestock encounter rates on carnivore depredation rates using generalized linear models. 3. Illegal hunting of ungulates was the most influential depredation predictor. An increase in the illegal hunting of ungulates by one sign/km significantly increased depredation by up to four times. We also found significantly lower levels of ungulate poaching in national parks (IUCN category II) compared to protected areas (V), wildlife refuges (IV) and no-hunting areas, though poaching signs were frequently found in most cells (58%). Encounters with livestock was inversely linked to wild prey species, but positively coupled with signs of ungulate poaching. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study reveals that: (i) an increase in the intensity of illegal hunting of ungulates can intensify livestock depredation by carnivores; (ii) future efforts in reducing human-carnivore conflict (HCC) to acceptable levels require a combination of law enforcement, prey recovery approaches and mitigation measures; (iii) there is an urgent need to better understand the root causes of poaching of ungulates to help minimize HCC.
Integrating socio-ecological suitability with human-wildlife conflict risk: Case study for translocation of a large ungulate
<p>1. Translocations are essential for reestablishing wildlife populations. As they sometimes fail, it is critical to assess factors that influence their success pre-translocation.</p> <p>2. Socio-ecological suitability models (SESMs) integrate social acceptance and ecological suitability to enable identification of areas where wildlife populations will expand, which makes it likely that SESMs will also be useful for predicting translocation success.</p> <p>3. To inform site-selection for potential elk (Cervus canadensis) reintroduction to northeastern Minnesota, USA, we developed broad-scale maps of social acceptance from surveys of local residents and landowners, animal use equivalence (AUE) from forage measured in the field, and empirical conflict risk from geospatial data. Resulting SESMs integrated social acceptance favorability scores, AUE, and conflict risk, and weighted SESMs showed the relative influences of acceptance and conflict.</p> <p>4. Social acceptance was positive for local residents and landowners (mean ≥ 5.4; scale of 1 to 7). AUE (scaled to an elk home range) ranged between 1 and 9 elk/16 km2 during winter, and from 14 to 83 elk/16 km2 during summer. Human-elk conflict risk was low (mean ≤ 0.10; scaled 0 to 1), increasing from north to south. Geographical distributions differed for social acceptance, AUE, and conflict risk, and weighted SESMs revealed unsuitable areas that were otherwise obscured.</p> <p>5. <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Integrating human-wildlife conflict risk into SESMs shows where social acceptance of translocated species is likely to erode, even where viewed favorably pre-translocation, to inform translocation planning by highlighting interactions between key factors. Such integrated models supplement existing reintroduction biology frameworks by supporting decision-making and knowledge development. In northeastern Minnesota, natural resource managers who are considering elk reintroductions are using SESMs reported here to identify where human-elk conflict is likely to result in an isolated elk population and where addressing concerns for area residents about conflict risk is essential.</p>
Identifying temporal dynamics in post-release survival of a restored large ungulate
<p>Wildlife translocation is an important conservation tool for restoring species and reducing global biodiversity decline; however, this practice is challenging for wildlife, and translocated individuals must adjust to their release landscapes for restoration success. The period following release is a vulnerable time for wildlife and determining when animals acclimate following translocation improves long-term estimates of population dynamics and allows researchers to efficiently tailor translocation design and post-release management to each population's needs.</p> <p>We evaluated demographic acclimation and investigated changes in post-release survival of a population of 106 elk (<em>Cervus canadensis</em>) translocated to Missouri, U.S.A., from 2011 to 2013 using generalized survival modeling. We defined the acclimation period as the duration of time prior to stabilization in mortality risk relative to time from release, and we evaluated acclimation duration from flexible plots of estimated mortality hazards across time. We simultaneously investigated factors contributing to post-release survival and compared survival rates and mortality sources observed during acclimation and post-acclimation periods.</p> <p>Elevated mortality risk for translocated elk spanned a 5-month acclimation period following release, with an additional one-year period reflecting reduced, but still elevated, mortality hazards. Baseline hazards during the initial 5-month acclimation period were approximately four times higher than the subsequent 4.4 years following release.</p> <p>Release cohort, but not age class or sex, was associated with post-release mortality risk, and mortality sources within the acclimation period tended to be undetermined with greater frequency relative to mortalities occurring after the acclimation period.</p> <p><em><strong>Synthesis and applications.</strong></em> Our results highlight the utility of flexible modeling approaches to evaluate dynamic post-release responses of translocated populations. Translocated elk demonstrated a pronounced demographic acclimation period that spanned five months following release. Changes in mortality sources and the timing of stabilization in mortality hazards suggest that demographic acclimation in translocated elk was associated with adjustments in physiological stress and movement rates that stabilize over a similar post-release duration. Improving post-release monitoring and assessment of restored populations by evaluating temporal dynamics of manifold biological and ecological responses of translocated animals.</p>
Data from: Spatial heterogeneity of habitat selection of large carnivores and their ungulate prey in proximity to roads
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Integrating socio-ecological suitability with human-wildlife conflict risk: Case study for translocation of a large ungulate
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Data from: Assessing the relationship between illegal hunting of ungulates, wild prey occurrence and livestock depredation rate by large carnivores
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