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41 results for “larvae predation”
Fig. 1 in First global record of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) as predator of Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae and adults
Fig. 1. Cumulative efficiency of predation (%) by Podisus nigrispinus nymphs and adults on of G. platensis larvae and adults over a period of 5 d: 2 adults (1 male and 1 female) of P. nigrispinus with 20 adults of G. platensis (T3), 2 adults (1 male and 1 female) of P. nigrispinus with 20 larvae of G. platensis (T4), 2 nymphs of P. nigrispinus with 20 larvae of G. platensis (T5), and 2 nymphs of P. nigrispinus with 20 adults of G. platensis (T6)
Pattern variation is linked to anti-predator colouration in butterfly larvae
<p>Prey animals typically try to avoid being detected and/or advertise to would-be predators that they should be avoided. Both anti-predator strategies primarily rely on colour to succeed, but the specific patterning used is also important. While the role of patterning in camouflage is relatively clear, the design features of aposematic patterns are less well understood. Here, we use a comparative approach to investigate how pattern use varies across a phylogeny of 268 species of cryptic and aposematic butterfly larvae, which also vary in social behaviour. We find that longitudinal stripes are used more frequently by cryptic larvae and that patterns putatively linked to crypsis are more likely to be used by solitary larvae. In contrast, aposematic larvae are more likely to use horizontal bands and spots, but we find no differences in the use of individual pattern elements between solitary and gregarious aposematic species. However, solitary aposematic larvae are more likely to display multiple pattern elements, whereas those with no pattern are more likely to be gregarious. Our study advances our understanding of how pattern variation, colouration and social behaviour co-vary across lepidopteran larvae, and highlights new questions about how patterning affects larval detectability and predator responses to aposematic prey.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Physiological selectivity of insecticides to eggs and larvae of predator Chrysoperla externa (HAGEN) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
FIGURE 3 - Survival (%) (± SE) of immature stages of Chrysoperla externa from second instar larvae treated with the pesticides. Treatments: 1: chlorpyrifos; 2: cartap hydrochloride; 3: pyriproxyfen, 4: profenofos/lufenuron; 5: fenpropathrin; 6: triazophos/deltamethrin; 7: zetacypermethrin and 8: control.
FIGURE 4 in Physiological selectivity of insecticides to eggs and larvae of predator Chrysoperla externa (HAGEN) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
FIGURE 4 - Duration (days) of immature stages of Chrysoperla externa from second instar larvae treated with the insecticides. Treatments: 1: chlorpyrifos; 2: cartap hydrochloride; 3: pyriproxyfen, 4: profenofos/lufenuron; 5: fenpropathrin; 6: triazophos/deltamethrin; 7: zetacypermethrin and 8: control.
FIGURE 1 in Physiological selectivity of insecticides to eggs and larvae of predator Chrysoperla externa (HAGEN) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
FIGURE 1 - Survival of three larval instars and viability pupal (%) (± SE) stage of Chrysoperla externa, from first instar larvae treated with the insecticides. Treatments: 1: chlorpyrifos; 2: cartap hydrochloride; 3: pyriproxyfen, 4: profenofos/lufenuron; 5: fenpropathrin; 6: deltamethrin/triazophos; 7: zetacypermethrin and 8: control.
Pattern variation is linked to anti-predator colouration in butterfly larvae
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Data from: Clay larvae do not accurately measure biogeographic patterns in predation
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Size, not temperature, drives cyclopoid copepod predation of invasive mosquito larvae
<p class="CxSpFirst">During range expansion, invasive species can experience new thermal regimes. Differences between the thermal performance of local and invasive species can alter species interactions, including predator-prey interactions. The Asian tiger mosquito, <i>Aedes albopictus</i>, is a known vector of several viral diseases of public health importance. It has successfully invaded many regions across the globe and currently threatens to invade regions of the UK where conditions would support seasonal activity. We assessed the functional response and predation efficiency (percentage of prey consumed) of the cyclopoid copepods <em>Macrocyclops albidus</em> and <em>Megacyclops viridis</em> from South East England, UK against newly-hatched French <em>Ae. albopictus</em> larvae across a relevant temperature range (15, 20, and 25ºC). Predator-absent controls were included in all experiments to account for background prey mortality. We found that both <i>M. albidus</i> and<i> M. viridis </i>display type II functional response curves, and that both would therefore be suitable biocontrol agents in the event of an <i>Ae. albopictus</i> invasion in the UK. No significant effect of temperature on the predation interaction was detected by either type of analysis. However, the predation efficiency analysis did show differences due to predator species. The results suggest that <i>M. viridis</i> would be a superior predator against invasive <i>Ae. albopictus</i> larvae due to the larger size of this copepod species, relative to <i>M. albidus</i>. Our work highlights the importance of size relationships in predicting interactions between invading prey and local predators.</p>
Data from: Predator-prey interactions between shell-boring beetle larvae and rock-dwelling land snails
Drilus beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are specialized predators of land snails. Here, we describe various aspects of the predator-prey interactions between multiple Drilus species attacking multiple Albinaria (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) species in Greece. We observe that Drilus species may be facultative or obligate Albinaria-specialists. We map geographically varying predation rates in Crete, where on average 24% of empty shells carry fatal Drilus bore holes. We also provide first-hand observations and video-footage of prey entry and exit strategies of the Drilus larvae, and evaluate the potential mutual evolutionary impacts. We find limited evidence for an effect of shell features and snail behavioral traits on inter- and intra-specifically differing predation rates. We also find that Drilus predators adjust their predation behavior based on specific shell traits of the prey. In conclusion, we suggest that, with these baseline data, this interesting predator-prey system will be available for further, detailed more evolutionary ecology studies.
Data from: Interacting effects of predation risk and resource level on escape speed of amphibian larvae along a latitudinal gradient
Fast-growing genotypes living in time-constrained environments are often more prone to predation, suggesting that growth-predation risk trade-offs are important factors maintaining variation in growth along climatic gradients. However, the mechanisms underlying how fast growth increases predation-mediated mortality are not well understood. Here, we investigated if slow-growing, low-latitude individuals have faster escape swimming speed than fast-growing high-latitude individuals using common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles from eight populations collected along a 1500 km latitudinal gradient. We measured escape speed in terms of burst and endurance speeds in tadpoles raised in the laboratory at two food levels and in the presence and absence of a predator (Aeshna dragonfly larvae). We did not find any latitudinal trend in escape speed performance. In low food treatments, burst speed was higher in tadpoles reared with predators but did not differ between high food treatments. Endurance speed, on the contrary, was lower in high-food tadpoles reared with predators, and did not differ between treatments at low food levels. Tadpoles reared with predators showed inducible morphology (increased relative body size and tail depth), which had positive effects on speed endurance at low but not at high food levels. Burst speed was positively affected by tail length and tail muscle size in the absence of predators. Our results suggest that escape speed does not trade off with fast growth along the latitudinal gradient in R. temporaria tadpoles. Instead, escape speed is a plastic trait and strongly influenced by the interaction between resource level and predation risk.
Predation of mesopelagic fish on tuna eggs and larvae: fitness benefits of synchronizing spawning with the moon
<p>This repository contains all data and R code used in the research article "Model of mesopelagic fish predation on eggs and larvae shows benefits of tuna spawning under full moon" - https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/lno.12465</p><p>Data and code are originally structured in folders and can be found in GitHub - https://github.com/dottmann/moon_light</p>
FIGURE 12 in Long-headed predators in Cretaceous amber-fossil findings of an unusual type of lacewing larva
FIGURE 12. Additional quantitative aspects of longhead larvae with outlines of head capsules and stylets that were used in shape analysis. A, Scatterplot of head capsule width over head capsule length. B, Scatterplot of PC1 (shape of stylets and head capsule) over head capsule length. C, Scatterplot of relative stylet length over head capsule length. D, Scatterplot of relative stylet length over head capsule width.
FIGURE 10 in Long-headed predators in Cretaceous amber-fossil findings of an unusual type of lacewing larva
FIGURE 10. Longhead larva preserved in Myanmar amber, specimen BuB 10; all composite images. A, Habitus in dorsal view, non-polarised ring light on black background. B, Close-up; distal part of a locomotory appendage, with trumpet-shaped empodium (marked by arrow). C, Colour-marked version of A. D, Head capsule in ventral view, cross-polarised co-axial light on black background; teeth on stylets are marked with arrows. Abbreviations: at = antenna; hc = head capsule; la = locomotory appendage; lp = labial palp; ne = neck; sy = stylet; th = thorax.
FIGURE 9 in Long-headed predators in Cretaceous amber-fossil findings of an unusual type of lacewing larva
FIGURE 9. Longhead larva preserved in Myanmar amber, specimen PED 0407; all composite images. A, Head capsule and its appendages in dorsal view, cross-polarised co-axial light on white background. B, Colour-marked version of A. C–D, Close-ups. C, Stylets with various teeth, small teeth are marked with arrows. D, Stemmata are marked with arrows. Abbreviations: at = antenna; hc = head capsule; lp = labial palp; st = stemmata; sy = stylet.
FIGURE 6 in Long-headed predators in Cretaceous amber-fossil findings of an unusual type of lacewing larva
FIGURE 6. Longhead larva preserved in Myanmar amber, specimen BUB 3384; all composite images. A, Habitus in dorsal view, unpolarised ring light on white background. B, Colour-marked version of A. C, Habitus in ventral view, unpolarised ring light on black background. D–F, Close-ups. D, Head capsule and its appendages. E, Coloured-marked version of D. F, Locomotory appendage of prothorax, with trumpet-shaped empodia (marked by arrows). Abbreviations: a1–7 = abdomen segment 1–7; at = antenna; hc = head capsule; la = locomotory appendage; lp = labial palp; ms = mesothorax; mt = metathorax; ne = neck; pt = prothorax; st = stemmata; sy = stylet; te = terminal end.
FIGURE 3 in Long-headed predators in Cretaceous amber-fossil findings of an unusual type of lacewing larva
FIGURE 3. Longhead larva preserved in Myanmar amber, specimen PED 0453; all composite images. A, Habitus in (possible) dorsal view, non-polarised ring light on white background. B, Colour-marked version of A. C, Habitus in (possible) ventral view, non-polarised ring light on white background. D–G, Close-ups. D, Stylets with prominent teeth; small teeth are marked by arrows. E, Supposed left locomotory appendage of prothorax, with trumpet-shaped empodium (marked by arrow). F, Supposed left locomotory appendage of mesothorax, with trumpet-shaped empodium (marked by arrow). G, Supposed right locomotory appendage of metathorax, with trumpet-shaped empodium (marked by arrow). Abbreviations: at = antenna; fe = femur; hc = head capsule; lp = labial palp; sy = stylet; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia.
FIGURE 5 in Long-headed predators in Cretaceous amber-fossil findings of an unusual type of lacewing larva
FIGURE 5. Longhead larva preserved in Myanmar amber, specimen PED 0582; all composite images. A, Habitus in dorso-lateral view, cross-polarised co-axial light on white background. B, Colour-marked version of A; inlet: close-up of tip of left antenna; subdivision of flagellum is marked with an arrow. C–E, Close-ups. C, Head capsule and its appendages, non-polarised ring light on white background; teeth on stylets are marked with arrows. D, Left locomotory appendage of metathorax, with trumpet-shaped empodium (marked by arrow). E, Right locomotory appendage of prothorax, with trumpet-shaped empodium (marked by arrow). Abbreviations: a1–7 = abdomen segment 1–7; at = antenna; fe = femur; hc = head capsule; la = locomotory appendage; lp = labial palp; mb = membrane; ms = mesothorax; mt = metathorax; ne = neck; pt = prothorax; sy = stylet; ta = tarsus; te = terminal end; ti = tibia.
FIGURE 11 in Long-headed predators in Cretaceous amber-fossil findings of an unusual type of lacewing larva
FIGURE 11. Scatterplot of PC2 over PC1, representing the shapes of head capsules and stylets of different larvae of Myrmeleontiformia. The group "longheads" includes the new larvae described in this study and the holotype of Macleodiella electrina (see discussion).
FIGURE 2 in Long-headed predators in Cretaceous amber-fossil findings of an unusual type of lacewing larva
FIGURE 2. Longhead larva preserved in Myanmar amber, specimen PED 0436; all composite images. A, Habitus in ventral view, non-polarised ring light on white background. B, Colour-marked version of A. C–F, Close-ups. C, Right locomotory appendage of prothorax; claws are marked with arrows. D, Right locomotory appendage of mesothorax, with trumpet-shaped empodium (marked by arrow). E, Left locomotory appendage of metathorax, with trumpet-shaped empodium (marked by arrow). F, Right locomotory appendage of metathorax, with trumpet-shaped empodium (marked by arrow) Abbreviations: at = antenna; cx = coxa; fe = femur; hc = head capsule; lp = labial palp; st = stemmata; sy = stylet; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; tr = trochanter.
FIGURE 1 in Long-headed predators in Cretaceous amber-fossil findings of an unusual type of lacewing larva
FIGURE 1. Longhead larva preserved in Myanmar amber, specimen BUB 3954; all composite images. A, Habitus in dorsal view, cross-polarised co-axial light on white background. B, Colour-marked version of C. C, Habitus in latero-ventral view, cross-polarised co-axial light on black background. D–F, Close-ups. D, Distal part of locomotory appendages of mesothorax, with trumpet-shaped empodia (marked by arrows). E, Tarsus with a claw and an empodium of right locomotory appendage of prothorax. F, Head capsule and stylets, teeth on stylets are marked with arrows. Abbreviations: a1–9 = abdomen segment 1–9; at = antenna; hc = head capsule; la = locomotory appendage; lp = labial palp; m? = membrane; ms = mesothorax; mt = metathorax; ne = neck; pt = prothorax; sy = stylet; te = terminal end.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.