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22 results for “leaf chemistry”
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Foliar resorption, leaf mass per area, and leaf chemistry of sugar maple and American beech, 2020-2022
We quantified nitrogen (N) resorption of the two dominant tree species of northern hardwood forests along an elevation gradient using 14 sites at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH. For these calculations, we also quantified the leaf mass per area for both species, sugar maple and American beech. The original data before averaging for combining with chemistry data is available in an earlier revision of this dataset. Foliar N of sugar maple increased, and N resorption proficiency (NRP) decreased with increasing elevation. In contrast, foliar N and NRP of American beech did not vary significantly with elevation, suggesting that the mechanisms driving patterns of N resorption were distinct between these co-occurring species. While both species exhibited strong correlations between resorption efficiency of C and N, resorption of both elements was much greater for beech than maple. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 6 Temporal Canopy Leaf Chemistry, 1992 - ongoing
Overstory foliage is collected in late summer from a reference forest to the west of Watershed 6 (also referred to as Bear Brook Watershed). Concentrations of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Mg, and the natural abundance of N and C isotopes (delta-15N and delta-13C) in foliage are measured. These measurements, in combination with litterfall estimates of foliar biomass, allow us to estimate the pool of nutrients in foliage. They also allow us to estimate nutrient retranslocation, using measurements of leaf litterfall chemistry. Long-term measurements continue with the aim of detecting disturbances in nutrient cycling and trends in foliar chemistry over long time scales. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Leaf leachate chemistry and uptake metrics in headwater streams July 2015
This dataset contains the results of uptake experiments conducted at Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed in July 2015. The objective of the study was to determine the relative influence of molecular composition and nutrient content of organic matter on the retention of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in boreal streams. We measured in situ rates of carbon uptake in streams following introduction of leachates derived from of alder (Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia), poplar (Populus balsamifera), and white spruce (Picea glauca) trees subject to long-term fertilization with nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P). We measured leachate composition through chemical analysis and optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence).
Post-fire Variability in Siberian Alder in Interior Alaska: Distribution Patterns, Nitrogen Fixation Rates, and Ecosystem Consequences II - Leaf Chemistry 2015
This data set was collected as a part of Brian Houseman's MS Thesis, Post-fire Variability in Siberian Alder in Interior Alaska: Distribution Patterns, Nitrogen Fixation Rates, and Ecosystem Consequences (December 2017). Data include Siberian alder (Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa) leaf chemistry (N, C, P) and specific leaf mass. Data were collected on study plots established across two burn scars (2004 Boundary Fire and 1971 Wickersham Dome Fire) within the Yukon-Tanana Uplands ecoregion of interior Alaska. The data were collected in 2014.
Models for rapid estimates of leaf litter chemistry using reflectance spectroscopy
<p>Measuring the chemical traits of leaf litter is important for understanding plants' roles in nutrient cycles, including through nutrient resorption and litter decomposition, but conventional leaf trait measurements are often destructive and labor-intensive. Here, we develop and evaluate the performance of partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models that use reflectance spectra of intact or ground leaves to estimate leaf litter traits, including carbon and nitrogen concentration, carbon fractions, and leaf mass per area (LMA). Our analyses included more than 300 samples of senesced foliage from 11 species of temperate trees, including needleleaf and broadleaf species. Across all samples, we could predict each trait with moderate-to-high accuracy from both intact-leaf litter spectra (validation <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.543-0.941; %RMSE = 7.49-18.5) and ground-leaf litter spectra (validation <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.491-0.946; %RMSE = 7.00-19.5). Notably, intact-leaf spectra yielded better predictions of LMA. Our results support the feasibility of building models to estimate multiple chemical traits from leaf litter of a range of species. In particular, the success of intact-leaf spectral models allows non-destructive trait estimation in a matter of seconds, which could enable researchers to measure the same leaves over time in studies of nutrient resorption.</p>
Spectral and trait data for Rapid estimates of leaf litter chemistry using reflectance spectroscopy
<p>Measuring the chemical traits of leaf litter is important for understanding plants' roles in nutrient cycles, including through nutrient resorption and litter decomposition, but conventional leaf trait measurements are often destructive and labor-intensive. Here, we develop and evaluate the performance of partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models that use reflectance spectra of intact or ground leaves to estimate leaf litter traits, including carbon and nitrogen concentration, carbon fractions, and leaf mass per area (LMA). Our analyses included more than 300 samples of senesced foliage from 11 species of temperate trees, including needleleaf and broadleaf species. Across all samples, we could predict each trait with moderate-to-high accuracy from both intact-leaf litter spectra (validation <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.543-0.941; %RMSE = 7.49-18.5) and ground-leaf litter spectra (validation <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.491-0.946; %RMSE = 7.00-19.5). Notably, intact-leaf spectra yielded better predictions of LMA. Our results support the feasibility of building models to estimate multiple chemical traits from leaf litter of a range of species. In particular, the success of intact-leaf spectral models allows non-destructive trait estimation in a matter of seconds, which could enable researchers to measure the same leaves over time in studies of nutrient resorption.</p>
Data from: A fungal endophyte alters poplar leaf chemistry, deters insect feeding, and shapes insect community assembly
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Models for Rapid estimates of leaf litter chemistry using reflectance spectroscopy
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Spectral and trait data for Rapid estimates of leaf litter chemistry using reflectance spectroscopy
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Effects of stem canker disease on N fixation inputs by Alnus tenuifolia to early-successional floodplains in interior and south-central Alaska. I. Nitrogen fixation rates, leaf chemistry and soil chemistry.
This dataset contains data on nitrogen fixation rates, leaf chemistry, soil temperature and moisture, and soil chemistry on trees selected for studying disease-mediated declines in N-fixation inputs by Alnus tenuifolia to early-successional floodplains in interior and south-central Alaska
Photosynthesis Leaf Chemistry:BioCON : Biodiversity, Elevated CO2, and N Enrichment
BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen) is an ecological experiment started in 1997 at the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve. BioCON's goal is to explore the ways in which plant communities will respond to three environmental changes that are known to be occurring on a global scale: increasing nitrogen deposition, increasing atmospheric CO2, and decreasing biodiversity. Why Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen? While there are many uncertainties in global change biology, there are also some well documented facts. Some of these are: 1. The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is rising. Since the industrial revolution, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased from approximately 275 parts per million (ppm) to about 378 ppm today. This has been largely the result of fossil fuel burning. It is expected that CO2 levels will continue to rise, and that by the year 2050 these levels will be approximately 550 ppm. CO2 is the raw material for photosynthesis and is known to affect plant growth and development. 2. The amount of nitrogen moving through terrestrial ecosystems has increased in the recent past. While natural "background" levels of nitrogen fixation have remained constant, human additions to the system through fertilizer production and fossil fuel use have increased dramatically. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for plant growth and plays a critical role in plant community structure and composition in many environments. 3. Biodiversity levels are falling. While the research and data are not as complete as they are for CO2 and nitrogen, data indicate that the number of species globally, is being reduced. Perhaps more important for ecosystem function, diversity levels on local to regional scales have fallen due to land use change, biotic invasion and many other drivers. While much is known about how each of these factors affects ecosystem functioning, many questions remain. There is also little data on how these issues affe
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 1 Temporal Canopy Leaf Chemistry, 1999 - 2002
Overstory foliage is collected in late summer from calcium-treated forest on watershed 1. Nutrient concentrations in foliage are measured. This allows us to estimate the pool of nutrients in foliage in combination with litterfall estimates of foliage biomass. We can compare foliar chemistry in W1 with that in W6 to quantify calcium treatment effects. Long-term measurements continue with the aim of detecting trends in foliage chemistry over long time scales. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Data from: Separate and synergistic anti-herbivore effects of non-glandular trichomes and leaf chemistry in a desert plant
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Data from: Soil microbial communities alter leaf chemistry and influence allelopathic potential among coexisting plant species
While both plant–soil feedbacks and allelochemical interactions are key drivers of plant community dynamics, the potential for these two drivers to interact with each other remains largely unexplored. If soil microbes influence allelochemical production, this would represent a novel dimension of heterogeneity in plant–soil feedbacks. To explore the linkage between soil microbial communities and plant chemistry, we experimentally generated soil microbial communities and evaluated their impact on leaf chemical composition and allelopathic potential. Four native perennial old-field species (two each of Aster and Solidago) were grown in pairwise combination with each species' soil microbial community as well as a sterilized inoculum. We demonstrated unequivocally that variation in soil microbial communities altered leaf chemical fingerprints for all focal plant species and also changed their allelopathic potential. Soil microbes reduced allelopathic potential in bioassays by increasing germination 25–54% relative to sterile control soils in all four species. Plants grown with their own microbial communities had the lowest allelopathic potential, suggesting that allelochemical production may be lessened when growing with microbes from conspecifics. The allelopathic potential of plants grown in congener and confamilial soils was indistinguishable from each other, indicating an equivalent response to all non-conspecific microbial communities within these closely related genera. Our results clearly demonstrated that soil microbial communities cause changes in leaf tissue chemistry that altered their allelopathic properties. These findings represent a new mechanism of plant–soil feedbacks that may structure perennial plant communities over very small spatial scales that must be explored in much more detail.
Atmospheric pollutant concentrations and leaf chemistry variables collected along gradients of median household income and traffic density in Salt Lake Valley, UT
<p>We utilize traffic density and <i>Convolvulus arvensis </i>leaf chemistry<i> </i>to understand spatial patterns linking atmospheric pollution and household income in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, USA. We hypothesize that traffic density will explain variation in atmospheric NO<sub>x</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations. In addition, we expect foliar <span>%N and nitrogen isotope ratios (</span>δ<sup>15</sup>N) to be elevated and carbon isotope ratios (δ<sup>13</sup>C) to be depleted on high traffic density roads<span>. These hypotheses were supported: we found the</span><span> highest</span><span> NO<sub>x</sub> and lowest O<sub>3</sub> concentrations on high-traffic density roads. Also, NO<sub>x</sub> concentrations were higher in low-income neighborhoods. Low-income neighborhoods contained a greater density of high-traffic roads than high-income neighborhoods. Foliar %N was highest in low-income neighborhoods and was correlated with NO<sub>x</sub> and O<sub>3</sub></span>, while δ<sup>15</sup>N was more depleted with increasing O<sub>3</sub>. These findings indicate that the distribution of high-traffic density roads plays a significant role in inequities in pollution exposure between high- and low-income neighborhoods, which is reflected in leaf chemistry.</p>
Structure vs. chemistry: Alternate mechanisms for controlling leaf microbiomes
<p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>The analysis of phyllosphere microbiomes traditionally relied on DNA extracted from whole leaves. To investigate the microbial communities on the adaxial (upper) and abaxial (lower) leaf surfaces, swabs were collected from both surfaces of two garden plants, <em>Rhapis excelsa</em> and <em>Cordyline fruticosa</em>.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>The abaxial surface of <em>Rhapis excelsa</em> and <em>Cordyline fruticosa </em>had fewer bacteria in contrast to their adaxial counterpart. This observation was consistent between noon and midnight and across five different locations. Co-occurrence network analysis further showed that bacteria are found almost exclusively on the adaxial surface while only a small group of leaf blotch fungi survive on the abaxial surface. There are higher densities of stomata on the abaxial surface and these openings are vulnerable ports of entry into the plant host. While one might argue about the settling of dust particles and microorganisms on the adaxial surface, we detected differences in reactive chemical activities and microstructures between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Our results further suggest that both plant species deploy different defence strategies to deter invading pathogens on the abaxial surface.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>We hypothesize that chemical and mechanical defence strategies evolved independently for harnessing and controlling phyllosphere microbiomes. Our findings have also advanced our understanding that the abaxial leaf surface is distinct from the adaxial surface and that the reduced microbial diversity is likely a consequence of plant-microbe interactions.</p>
Data from: Soil microbial communities alter leaf chemistry and influence allelopathic potential among coexisting plant species
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Structure vs. chemistry: Alternate mechanisms for controlling leaf microbiomes
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Atmospheric pollutant concentrations and leaf chemistry variables collected along gradients of median household income and traffic density in Salt Lake Valley, UT
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Leaf Chemistry, 1992-1993 (ACCP)
As part of NASA's Accelerated Canopy Chemistry Program (ACCP) analyses were performed for the determination of carbon constituents and nitrogen content in fresh forest foliage. Samples were analyzed using a series of extraction's that yielded different carbon constituents: non-polar, polar, cellulose and lignin. Nitrogen analyses were conducted using a standard combustion procedure. Approximately 1000 leaf samples were collected from 5 geographically distinct sites and were analyzed at the University of New Hampshire to ensure consistency in analysis. Results were used as a calibration set for Visible/NIR reflectance and the estimation of canopy carbon and nitrogen concentrations.
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