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18 results for “leaf cutter bees”
Figure 2 in Nesting of the leaf-cutter bee Megachile (Ptilosarus) microsoma Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Trinidad, West Indies
Figure 2. Brood cell of Megachile microsoma. (a) Partially dissected nest 1, with arrows indicating the entrance (left) and rounded bottom (right); (b) Cocoon surrounded by dried, powdery feces; (c) Central part of the cocoon showing the joint point with the operculum; (d) Female pupa extracted from her cocoon. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 1 in Nesting of the leaf-cutter bee Megachile (Ptilosarus) microsoma Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Trinidad, West Indies
Figure 1. Nests of Megachile microsoma. (a) Nest 1 showing the female builder, (b) Nest 2. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 16 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 16. Cremnomegachile dolichosoma (Benoist), new combination. A. Facial view of female. B. Detail of female mesoscutum. C. Female metasoma in dorsal view. D. Lateral view of female. E. Male terminal terga. F. Lateral view of male.
Figure 15. Tribes Pseudoheriadini and Ochreriadini. A in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 15. Tribes Pseudoheriadini and Ochreriadini. A. Female of Afroheriades hyalinus Griswold & Gonzalez in lateral view. B. Male terminal terga of Pseudoheriades moricei (Friese). C, D. Female of Ochreriades fasciatus (Friese) in dorsal and lateral views. E. Male terminal terga of O. fasciatus.
Figure 12 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 12. Parsimony reconstruction of the two types of interdental laminae of the leaf-cutter bee mandible. We used the tree topology obtained from the total-evidence analysis of the full data set (122 taxa) to visualize character states on the clade of leaf-cutter bees. All photographs are outer views of the mandibles, except for the second from top to bottom, which is an inner view of the mandible below. Odontogenic lamina highlighted in green and ctenogenic lamina in pink.
Figure 11 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 11. Total evidence dated phylogeny of Megachilini from the analysis of the full morphological data matrix (122 taxa). Majority-rule consensus tree from Bayesian analysis using fossils as terminals under the FBD tree prior. Blue bar at each node represents the 95% highest posterior density age range. Posterior probability below 100 indicated above each node. A capital letter above a node indicates a clade discussed in the text. Mandibles with interdental laminae highlighted in green (odontogenic) and pink (ctenogenic).
Figure 8 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 8. Strict consensus tree of 30 parsimonious trees obtained under equal weighting. Numbers above nodes are standard bootstrap values, numbers below nodes are absolute Bremer values. Branches without numbers indicate bootstrap values below 50% and Bremer values of 1. A capital letter above a node indicates a clade discussed in the text. Species within boxes of the same color correspond to the same subgenus of Megachile Latreille s.l. following Michener's (2007) classification. The colored column after the species names indicates approximate number of species per subgenus. Half-colored boxes without a number correspond to species that did not cluster with the other species of the same subgenus included in the analysis. Species richness taken from Michener (2007), Moure et al. (2007), and Ascher & Pickering (2018). Mandibles with interdental laminae highlighted in green (odontogenic) and pink (ctenogenic).
Figure 9 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 9. Preferred total evidence dated phylogeny of Megachilidae. Majority-rule consensus tree from Bayesian analysis using fossils as terminals under the FBD tree prior. Blue bar at each node represents the 95% highest posterior density age range. Posterior probability below 100 indicated above each node.
Figure 6 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 6. Examples of the types of setae found on the male S4–S6 of Megachile Latreille s.l. A. Branched, unmodified, S4, Megachile (Acentron) albitarsis Cresson. B. Acuminate, S4, M. (Megachile) centuncularis (Linnaeus). C. Acuminate, S6, M. (Chalicodoma) sicula (Rossi). D. Fan-shaped, S6, M. (Chelostomoides) exilis Cresson. E. Capitate-spatulate, S5, M. (Chelostomoides) rugifrons (Smith). F. Capitate-spatulate, S5, M. (Xanthosarus) fortis Cresson.
Figure 4 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 4. Some female morphological features used in the phylogenetic analysis. A, B. Lateral view of axilla. C. Dorsal view of mesoscutellum and metanotum. D, E. Outer view of apex of mesotibia. F–I. Pretarsal claws. Megachile (Melanosarus) xylocopoides Smith (A); M. (Stenomegachile) dolichosoma Benoist (B, C); M. (Chelostomoides) rugifrons (Smith) (D); M. (Megachiloides) pascoensis Mitchell (E); Dioxys productus (Cresson) (F); M. (Acentron) albitarsis Cresson (G); M. (Hackeriapis) ferox Smith (H); M. (Schizomegachile) monstrosa Smith (I).
Figure 1 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 1. Species richness of currently recognized genera in the bee tribe Megachilini. A. Dorsal habitus of a female of Coelioxys sp. B. Lateral habitus of a female of Noteriades spinosus Griswold & Gonzalez. C. Male of Megachile (Zonomegachile) kalina Gonzalez, Griswold, & Engel on top of a brood cell built with leaf pieces. D. Facial habitus of leaf-cutter M. (Eutricharaea) minutissima Radoszkowski (left) and dauber bee M. (Callomegachile) pluto (Smith) (right). E. Outer surface of the female mandible of M. (Leptorachis) laeta Smith, a leaf-cutter bee, showing interdental lamina in pink. F. Dorsal habitus of M. (Rhyssomegachile) kartaboensis Mitchell. G. Dorsal views of M. (E.) minutissima (upper left) and M. (C.) pluto (right). Photographs are not at the same scale, except for the large and small species compared in figures D and G.
Figure 2. Leaf excisions and a in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 2. Leaf excisions and a sampling of the morphological diversity among the female mandible of leaf-cutter bees. A. Leaves of Rosa sp. (Rosaceae) from Lesvos, Greece. B. Fossil leaf cut (Fabaceae) from Eckfeld Maar, Germany (~43 Ma). C–J. Outer view of the mandible showing interdental laminae in green (odontogenic) and pink (ctenogenic). C. Megachile (Chrysosarus) parsonsiae Schrottky. D. M. (Rhyssomegachile) simillima Smith. E. M. (Pseudocentron) pruina Smith. F. M. (Zonomegachile) sp. G. M. (Moureapis) maculata Smith. H. M. (Melanosarus) xylocopoides Smith. I. M. (Acentron) albitarsis Cresson. J. M. (Leptorachis) petulans Cresson. Abbreviations: Mt = mandibular tooth.
Figure 13 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 13. Female mandible of leaf-cutter ants and extinct Baltic amber megachilids. A–C. Right mandible of leaf-cutter ant (Formicidae: Attini: Atta sp.) in frontal, lateral, and inner views, respectively. Arrow points to the lower margin. D–G. Synchrotron-radiation µCT scan of Glyptapis sp. (Glyptapini) from Eocene Baltic amber; facial view of the head and right mandible in outer, superior, and inner views, respectively [note that the scan resolution could not resolve the finest setae, such as those of the compound eyes which are present in this specimen as in all species of Glyptapis Cockerell (Engel, 2001)].
Figure 3 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 3. Female mandible of Megachile Latreille s.l. in outer (A, E, G), frontal (D), and inner views (B, C, F, H). A. Megachile (Callomegachile) pluto Smith. B. M. (Callomegachile) sp. C–E. M. (Chelostomoda) spissula Cockerell. F. M. (Rhyssomegachile) simillima Smith. G. M. (Creightonella) frontalis (Fabricius). H. M. (Pseudocentron) pruina Smith. Interdental laminae highlighted in green (odontogenic) and pink (ctenogenic). Abbreviations: CR = corono-radicular ridge; AP = adductor apical ridge.
Figure 5 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 5. Some male morphological features used in the phylogenetic analysis. A–C. Ventral projection of mandible. D–F. Dorsal (left half) and ventral (right half) views of sixth tergum. G–I. Dorsal view of seventh tergum. J. Ventral view of sixth sternum. K–M. Ventral view of eighth sternum. N–P. Dorsal view of genital capsule. Q, R. Profile view of genital capsule. S. Apex of penis valves. Taxa: Megachile (Acentron) albitarsis Cresson (A, L); M. (Callomegachile) biseta Vachal (B); M. (Maximegachile) maxillosa Guérin-Méneville (C); M. (Argyropile) longuisetosa Gonzalez & Griswold (D, G); M. (Grosapis) cockerelli (E, H, R); M. (Creightonella) cognata Smith (F, I); M. (Zonomegachile) moderata Smith (J, K); M. (Largella) donbakeri Gonzalez & Engel (M); M. (Austromegachile) montezuma Cresson (N); M. (M.) centuncularis (Linnaeus) (O); M. (Moureapis) maculata Smith (P); M. (Chalicodoma) parietina (Geoffroy) (Q); M. (Chalicodoma) sicula (Rossi) (S).
Figure 7 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 7. Character distribution maps of the morphological datasets used in the generic-level phylogeny of Megachilini (A, n = 272 characters) and the tribal-level phylogeny of Megachilidae (B, n = 200 characters). The x-axis represents the percentage of total characters in each tagma or body region (e.g., prosoma) while the y-axis represents the percentage of characters of selected structures (e.g., mandible) within a tagma. Percentage in parentheses represents contribution to the total number of characters. See Whitlock & Wilson (2013) for further explanation on character distribution maps.
Figure 10 in Morphological phylogeny of Megachilini and the evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Figure 10. Preferred total evidence dated phylogeny of Megachilini from the analysis of the reduced morphological data matrix (67 OTUs). Majority-rule consensus tree from Bayesian analysis using fossils as terminals under the FBD tree prior. Blue bar at each node represents the 95% highest posterior density age range. Posterior probability below 100 indicated above each node. A capital letter above a node indicates a clade discussed in the text. Mandibles with interdental laminae highlighted in green (odontogenic) and pink (ctenogenic).
Linked collectors and determiners for: South American Leaf-Cutter Bees (Genus Megachile) Of The Subgenera Rhyssomegachile And Zonomegachile, With Two New Subgenera (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "South American Leaf-Cutter Bees (Genus Megachile) Of The Subgenera Rhyssomegachile And Zonomegachile, With Two New Subgenera (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/0cda6c92-3cdc-48ed-84a9-5627107d2823">https://bionomia.net/dataset/0cda6c92-3cdc-48ed-84a9-5627107d2823</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/0cda6c92-3cdc-48ed-84a9-5627107d2823">https://gbif.org/dataset/0cda6c92-3cdc-48ed-84a9-5627107d2823</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
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