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27 results for “leaf mass”
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Foliar resorption, leaf mass per area, and leaf chemistry of sugar maple and American beech, 2020-2022
We quantified nitrogen (N) resorption of the two dominant tree species of northern hardwood forests along an elevation gradient using 14 sites at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH. For these calculations, we also quantified the leaf mass per area for both species, sugar maple and American beech. The original data before averaging for combining with chemistry data is available in an earlier revision of this dataset. Foliar N of sugar maple increased, and N resorption proficiency (NRP) decreased with increasing elevation. In contrast, foliar N and NRP of American beech did not vary significantly with elevation, suggesting that the mechanisms driving patterns of N resorption were distinct between these co-occurring species. While both species exhibited strong correlations between resorption efficiency of C and N, resorption of both elements was much greater for beech than maple. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
RIV05 Leaf mass in streams in wooded riparian areas and areas where canopy had been cut at Konza Prairie
Our project was designed to test if woody removal in a riparian zone allowed the system to rebound to a grassland state. We hypothesized that removal would decrease organic matter input into streams.
Harvest data including the shoot leaf area index, position in the canopy, and shoot and plant tissue area, count and mass for each shoot harvested at three levels in the canopy from 19 1m x 1m plots near LTER Shrub plots, Toolik Field Station, AK 2012.
Leaf and plant tissue area and mass from shoots harvested from 19 1m x 1m point frame plots near Toolik Field Station, AK during the summer of 2012. Six shoots were harvested from each plot, two from each canopy layer: upper, middle, and low. Each shoot came from a different plant, and the species selected was based on the species dominant in that canopy layer. The leaf area and mass were used to correct A/Ci and light response curves taken on each shoot [data published separately]. At the time of collection, the location relative to the point frame, height, and leaf area index (LAI) of each shoot was measured; those data are included here.
Canopy opening increased leaf shredding arthropods and nutrient mineralization but not mass loss in a wet tropical forest
Canopy opening increased leaf shredding arthropods and nutrient mineralization but not mass loss in a wet tropical forest Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (LAESI MSI) of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf
<p>Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data set in imzML format, obtained from the 5th leaf of an Arabidopsis thaliana wildtype plant using Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization. Laser ablation took place with 20 pulses per pixel at an energy of 58.4 µJ/pulse. The ROI measures 9 mm by 5 mm and was sampled with a step size of 200 µm.</p>
Figure 3 in Mites associated with egg masses of the viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) on Viburnum tinus L.
Figure 3 Timing of mite infestation experiment 2017. (a) abundance and (b) diversity of mites found on V. tinus twigs depending on the number of intactP. viburni egg masses present on the twigs (mean ± SE). Data are pooled in three categories: twigs with 0 to 4 intact egg masses (n = 81), twigs with 5 to 9 intact egg masses (n = 13), and twigs with ≥ 10 intact egg masses (n = 8); (c) abundance of mites found onV. tinus twigs depending on the number of damagedP. viburni egg masses present on the twigs. Data are pooled in three categories: twigs with 0 to 4 damaged egg masses (n = 62), twigs with 5 to 9 damaged egg masses (n = 24), and twigs with ≥ 10 damaged egg masses (n = 16).
Figure 2 Observational study 2016 in Mites associated with egg masses of the viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) on Viburnum tinus L.
Figure 2 Observational study 2016. (a) abundance and (b) diversity of mites foundV. tinus on twigs depending onP. viburni infestation: twigs
Figure 1 in Mites associated with egg masses of the viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) on Viburnum tinus L.
Figure 1 Pictures of (a) four intact Pyrrhalta viburni egg masses along a Viburnum tinus twig, with the protective "egg cap" visible; (b) one damagedP. viburni egg mass following plant wounding response, with the egg cap removed and the egg mass cavity partially covered by wounding tissue; (c) twoP. viburni eggs; (d) Detritivorous miteTrichoribates trimaculatus nymph; (e) T. trimaculatus adult; (f) predatory mite Anystis baccarum. Photo credit: (a)(b) Gaylord Desurmont; (c)(d)(e)(f) Elven Kerdellant.
Seasonal leaf litter mass (2000 - 2010) for the Functional Diversity project, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina
The importance of the herbaceous layer in regulating ecosystem processes in deciduous forests is generally unknown. We use a manipulative study in a rich, mesophytic cove forest in the southern Appalachians to test the following hypotheses: (i) the herbaceous functional group (HFG) in mesophytic coves accelerates carbon and nutrient cycling, (ii) high litter quality input and rapid nutrient turnover associated with HFG will have a positive effect on overstory tree growth, and (iii) the HFG regulates tree regeneration with negative effects on seedling establishment due to competition for resources. We established treatment plots in a mesic, cove-hardwoods forest and removed the herbaceous flora (HR, removed twice per year) or added herbaceous organic material (OMA, once per year) for comparison to a no removal (NR) reference for a total of 14 years. The OMA treatment stimulated soil N-mineralization and increased litterfall mass and N content. OMA N-mineralization rates were more than two times greater than both the NR and HR treatments; however, we did not detect significant differences in soil CO2 efflux among treatments. Higher overstory litterfall mass and N in the OMA treatment plots indicated that overstory trees were benefiting from the enhanced soil N-mineralization. Higher overstory leaf mass and N suggests an important linkage between HR and aboveground net primary production even though this did not translate into greater tree basal area increment. We found an increase in regeneration of all tree species with HFG removal, and the response was particularly evident for Acer rubrum seedlings.
Mass spectra of leaf extracts from maize
<p>Mass fingerprints of leaf extracts from B73 and Mo17 maize lines. Eleven biological replicates for each genotype were evaluated.</p>
Leaf trait covariation and controls on leaf mass per area (LMA) following cotton domestication
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The process of domestication has driven dramatic shifts in plant functional traits including leaf mass per area (LMA). It remains unclear whether domestication has produced concerted shifts in the lower-level anatomical traits that underpin LMA and how these traits in turn affect photosynthesis. </span><span>In this study, we investigated controls of LMA and leaf gas exchange by leaf anatomical properties at the cellular, tissue and whole leaf levels, comparing 26 wild and 31 domesticated genotypes of cotton </span><span>(<em>Gossypium</em>). </span><span>As expected, domesticated plants expressed lower LMA, higher photosynthesis and stomatal conductance</span><span>, suggesting a shift towards the 'faster' end of the leaf economics spectrum. At whole-leaf level, variation in LMA was predominantly determined by leaf density (LD) both in wild and domesticated genotypes. At tissue level, higher leaf volume per area (<em>V</em><sub>leaf</sub>) in domesticated genotypes was driven by a simultaneous increase in the volume of epidermal, mesophyll and vascular bundle tissue and airspace, while lower LD resulted from a dilution effect of lower increased volume of palisade tissue and vascular bundle of high mass density by higher increased volume of epidermis and airspace of low mass density. The volume of spongy mesophyll exerted direct control on photosynthesis in domesticated genotypes but only indirect control in wild genotypes. At cellular level, a shift to larger but less numerous cells with thinner cell walls underpinned a lower proportion of cell wall mass, and thus a reduction in LD. </span><span>Taken together, cotton domestication has triggered synergistic shifts in the underlying determinants of LMA but also photosynthesis, at cell, tissue and whole-leaf level, resulting in a marked shift in plant ecological strategy.</span></p>
Table 4 in Mites associated with egg masses of the viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) on Viburnum tinus L.
<p><b>Table 4</b> Factors affecting (a) total mite abundance, (b) phytophagous/detritivorous mite abundance, (c) predaceous mite abundance, and (d) diversity of mite morphotypes on <i>Viburnum tinus</i> twigs artificially infested with <i>Pyrrhalta viburni</i> egg masses (ANOVA, α = 0.05) during the timing of mite infestation experiment (2016-2017). Bold values indicate significant effects.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>(a) Total mite abundance</th><th></th><th>df</th><th>F-value</th><th><i>P</i> -value</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td></td><td>8, 93</td><td>5.84</td><td><b><0.0001</b></td></tr><tr><th>Effects tested</th><td>Time of collection</td><td>2</td><td>6.04</td><td><b><0.01</b></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Site</td><td>3</td><td>1.73</td><td>0.16</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Twig length (cm)</td><td>1</td><td>0.62</td><td>0.43</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Number of intact egg masses</td><td>1</td><td>13.85</td><td><b><0.001</b></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Number of damaged egg masses</td><td>1</td><td>6.73</td><td><b>0.01</b></td></tr><tr><th>(b) Phytophagous/Detritivorous mite abundance</th><td>df</td><td>F-value</td><td><i>P</i> -value</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>8, 93</td><td>3.52</td><td><b><0.01</b></td></tr><tr><th>Effects tested</th><td>Time of collection</td><td>2</td><td>5.53</td><td><b><0.01</b></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Site</td><td>3</td><td>1.88</td><td>0.14</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Twig length (cm)</td><td>1</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.65</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Number of intact egg masses</td><td>1</td><td>3.39</td><td>0.07</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Number of damaged egg masses</td><td>1</td><td>1.19</td><td>0.27</td></tr><tr><th>(c) Predaceous mite abundance</th><td></td><td>df</td><td>F-value</td><td><i>P</i> -value</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>10, 89</td><td>3.38</td><td><b><0.01</b></td></tr><tr><th>Effects tested</th><td>Time of collection</td><td>2</td><td>0.61</td><td>0.54</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Site</td><td>3</td><td>1.74</td><td>0.16</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Twig length (cm)</td><td>1</td><td>0.58</td><td>0.44</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Number of intact egg masses</td><td>1</td><td>15.54</td><td><b><0.001</b></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Number of damaged egg masses</td><td>1</td><td>8.52</td><td><<b>0.01</b></td></tr><tr><th>(d) Total mite diversity</th><td></td><td>df</td><td>F-value</td><td><i>P</i> -value</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>10, 89</td><td>3.93</td><td><b><0.001</b></td></tr><tr><th>Effects tested</th><td>Time of collection</td><td>2</td><td>1.04</td><td>0.36</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Site</td><td>3</td><td>3.27</td><td><b>0.02</b></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Twig length (cm)</td><td>1</td><td>0.52</td><td>0.47</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Number of intact egg masses</td><td>1</td><td>13.07</td><td><b><0.001</b></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Number of damaged egg masses</td><td>1</td><td>2.98</td><td>0.09</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 2 in Mites associated with egg masses of the viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) on Viburnum tinus L.
<p><b>Table 2</b> List of the mite species found on <i>Viburnum tinus</i> twigs during the study (sp. = species).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Feeding guild</b></th><th><b>Family</b></th><th><b>Genus</b></th><th><b>Species</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Predaceous</th><td>Phytoseiidae</td><td><i>Typhlodromus</i> (<i>Typhlodromus</i>)</td><td><i>T. phialatus</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td><i>Typhlodromus</i> (<i>Anthoseius</i>)</td><td><i>T. recki</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td><i>T. rhenanoides</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td><i>Euseius</i></td><td><i>E. gallicus</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td><i>Kampimodromus</i></td><td><i>K. aberrans</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td><i>Amblyseius</i></td><td>sp.</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Cunaxidae</td><td><i>Neocunaxoides</i></td><td>sp.</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Cheyletidae</td><td><i>Cheletogenes</i></td><td><i>C. ornatus</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Anystidae</td><td><i>Anystis</i></td><td><i>A. baccarum</i></td></tr><tr><th>Phytophagous</th><td>Tetranychidae</td><td><i>Tetranychus</i></td><td>sp. (<i>T</i>. <i>urticae</i> group)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Tenuipalpidae</td><td><i>Brevipalpus</i></td><td>sp.</td></tr><tr><th>Detritivorous</th><td>Ceratozetidae</td><td><i>Trichoribates</i></td><td><i>T. trimaculatus</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Micreremidae</td><td><i>Micreremus</i></td><td><i>M. brevipes</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Camisiidae</td><td><i>Camisia</i></td><td><i>C. segnis</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Cymbaeremaeidae</td><td><i>Scapheremaus</i></td><td><i>S. patella</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Acaridae</td><td><i>Tyrophagus</i></td><td><i>T. putrescenciae</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Winterschmidtiidae</td><td><i>Calvolia</i></td><td>sp.</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Tydeidae</td><td>unknown</td><td>sp.</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 3 in Mites associated with egg masses of the viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) on Viburnum tinus L.
<p><b>Table 3</b> Factors affecting the (a) abundance of mites and (b) diversity of mite morphotypes present on <i>Viburnum tinus</i> twigs infested with <i>Pyrrhalta viburni</i> egg masses (Generalized Linear Model, poisson distribution, α = 0.05) during an observational study (2016). Bold values indicate significant effects.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>(a) Mite abundance</th><th>df</th><th>Χ²-value</th><th><i>P</i> -value</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Full model</th><td></td><td>9, 90</td><td>49.77</td><td><b><0.0001</b></td></tr><tr><th>Effects tested</th><td>Site</td><td>4</td><td>6.03</td><td>0.2</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Twig length (cm)</td><td>1</td><td>4.09</td><td><b>0.04</b></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Shrub infestation</td><td>2</td><td>0.91</td><td>0.63</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Number of intact egg masses</td><td>1</td><td>16.22</td><td><b><0.0001</b></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Number of damaged egg masses</td><td>1</td><td>0.37</td><td>0.54</td></tr><tr><th>(b) Mite diversity</th><td></td><td>df</td><td>Χ²-value</td><td><i>P</i> -value</td></tr><tr><th>Full model</th><td></td><td>9, 90</td><td>53.06</td><td><b><0.0001</b></td></tr><tr><th>Effects tested</th><td>Site</td><td>5</td><td>8.5</td><td>0.07</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Twig length (cm)</td><td>1</td><td>0.77</td><td>0.38</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Shrub infestation</td><td>2</td><td>8.6</td><td><b>0.01</b></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Number of intact egg masses</td><td>1</td><td>28.88</td><td><b><0.0001</b></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Number of damaged egg masses</td><td>1</td><td>1.59</td><td>0.2</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 1 in Mites associated with egg masses of the viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) on Viburnum tinus L.
<p><b>Table 1</b> Coordinates of the study sites used for the observational study (2016) and the timing of mite infestation experiment (2017).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Observational study 2016</b></th><th><b>Coordinates (Latitude, Longitude)</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Site 1</th><td>43.683325, 3.874779</td></tr><tr><th>Site 2</th><td>43.667094, 3.851299</td></tr><tr><th>Site 3</th><td>43.769778, 3.787764</td></tr><tr><th>Site 4</th><td>43.716070, 3.848204</td></tr><tr><th>Site 5</th><td>43.681688, 3.878901</td></tr><tr><th><b>Timing mite infestation 2017</b></th></tr><tr><th>Site 1</th><td>43.682444, 3.880156</td></tr><tr><th>Site 2</th><td>43.676900, 3.874368</td></tr><tr><th>Site 3</th><td>43.714209, 3.861153</td></tr><tr><th>Site 4</th><td>43.708495, 3.837012</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data from: Biotic and abiotic modifications of leaf litter during dry periods affect litter mass loss and nitrogen loss during wet periods
1. Decomposition of organic matter in semiarid ecosystems is a key component of the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle. The well-known inaccuracies in predicting litter decay in water-limited regions were lessened by considering solar radiation as an abiotic decay driver of photodegradation. Moreover, exposure to high solar irradiance in dry periods often led to massive facilitation of litter decay in subsequent wet periods ("photoacceleration"), though in many studies this effect was absent. 2. Recently, water vapor and dew were identified as modulators enabling substantial microbial degradation during rainless periods. Here we asked, (i) if the activity of microorganisms modifies litter traits, such as litter quality and microbial community in dry periods, consequently altering the loss of litter mass and nitrogen (N) in wet periods, and (ii) whether it can co-occur with photoacceleration. 3. By successively introducing litter to the field at the beginning and the end of the dry season, we found that microbial activity during the dry season affected litter mass and N loss during the wet season. Low microbial activity in the dry season led to inhibition of mass loss in the wet season, while high microbial activity led to facilitation of mass loss. Microbial activity during the dry season also caused strong inhibition of N loss from litter during the wet season, likely by enhancing the dry-season N loss. A microclimate manipulation experiment using radiation filters showed that microbial activity and exposure to solar radiation jointly modified the litter during the dry season and affected subsequent decay in the wet season. 4. Knowledge of biotic and abiotic modifications of litter during dry periods and their implication for wet periods enhances our understanding of litter decay in semiarid regions. Furthermore, it can improve biogeochemical model predictions of C and N cycling in
Data from: Biotic and abiotic modifications of leaf litter during dry periods affect litter mass loss and nitrogen loss during wet periods
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Leaf trait covariation and controls on leaf mass per area (LMA) following cotton domestication
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Data from: Herbivores alter plant-wind interactions by acting as a point mass on leaves and by removing leaf tissue
In nature, plants regularly interact with herbivores and with wind. Herbivores can wound and alter the structure of plants, whereas wind can exert aerodynamic forces that cause the plants to flutter or sway. While herbivory has many negative consequences for plants, fluttering in wind can be beneficial for plants by facilitating gas exchange and loss of excess heat. Little is known about how herbivores affect plant motion in wind. We tested how the mass of an herbivore resting on a broad leaf of the tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera, and the damage caused by herbivores, affected the motion of the leaf in wind. For this, we placed mimics of herbivores on the leaves, varying each herbivore's mass or position, and used high-speed video to measure how the herbivore mimics affected leaf movement and reconfiguration at two wind speeds inside a laboratory wind tunnel. In a similar setup, we tested how naturally occurring herbivore damage on the leaves affected leaf movement and reconfiguration. We found that the mass of an herbivore resting on a leaf can change that leaf's orientation relative to the wind and interfere with the ability of the leaf to reconfigure into a smaller, more streamlined shape. A large herbivore load slowed the leaf's fluttering frequency, while naturally occurring damage from herbivores increased the leaf's fluttering frequency. We conclude that herbivores can alter the physical interactions between wind and plants by two methods: (1) acting as a point mass on the plant while it is feeding and (2) removing tissue from the plant. Altering a plant's interaction with wind can have physical and physiological consequences for the plant. Thus, future studies of plants in nature should consider the effect of herbivory on plant–wind interactions, and vice versa.
Data from: The potential for mass ratio and trait divergence effects to explain idiosyncratic impacts of nonnative invasive plants on carbon mineralization of decomposing leaf litter
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