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65 results for “leaf nitrogen”
Leaf and Soil Nitrogen Following Lymantria dispar Defoliation in Central Massachusetts 2018-2019
In this study we investigated relationships between ecosystem nitrogen (N) cycling and tree defoliation during a recent 2015-2018 irruption of invasive Lymantria dispar caterpillars, which can cause tree stress and sometimes mortality following multiple years of defoliation. Nitrogen is a critical nutrient that limits the growth of caterpillars and plants in temperate forests. We assessed the associations between N concentrations, soil solution inorganic N availability, and defoliation intensity by L. dispar at the scale of individual trees in the Amherst, MA area and forest plots in the Quabbin Reservoir area.
Leaf spectroscopy and active fluorescence datasets for early drought and nitrogen stress diagnosis in tomato
<p>The dataset contains different plant physiological parameters collected during a 14-day stress and recovery experiment on tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L. cv Moneymaker) plants, undergoing a nitrogen deficiency, drought or control treatment. </p> <p>A full description of the experiment, together with the scientific results, is published by Pescador-Dionisio et al. (2024), and can be found through: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20253">https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20253.</a></p> <p>The goal of the dataset collection was to obtain a non-invasive proximal sensing dataset at leaf level (reflectance, transmittance, upward and downward fluorescence), in parallel to gas exchange and active fluorescence measurements. The leaf spectroscopy dataset was further processed by a pigment spectral unmixing algorithm according to Van Wittenberghe et al. (2024), to calculate fluorescence quantum efficiency (<em><strong>FQE</strong></em>) and effective absorbance (<strong><em>A_eff</em></strong>) changes associated to the activation of regulated heat dissipation (<strong><em>A_eff_535_Xan</em></strong>). The latter absorption feature is linked to the xanthophyll ('<strong>Xan</strong>') absorption in the 500-600 nm range, which is modelled by the sum of three Gaussians. For a full description of this feature, see Van Wittenberghe et al. (2021).</p> <p>Gas exchange and active fluorescence measurements were carried out with a LI-6400 portable photosysthesis system (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA) equipped with a 6400-40 leaf chamber fluorometer. Steady-state measurements were done at 300 and 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 ('<strong><em>PAR300</em></strong>' and '<em><strong>PAR1000</strong></em>'), i.e. growing light conditions and light saturating conditions. Light response curves were taken on different days. Common fluorescence parameters (e.g., <em><strong>Fv/Fm, Fo, Fm, NPQ, YNO, YNPQ</strong></em>) are provided together with 'sustained' and reversible' NPQ parameters calculated according Porcar-Castell (2011).</p> <p>Leaf spectroscopy and active steady-state fluorescence measurements were performed on the same measuring days ('<em><strong>d0</strong></em>', '<em><strong>d2</strong></em>', '<em><strong>d4</strong></em>', '<em><strong>d7</strong></em>', '<em><strong>d14</strong></em>') and on the same leaf, both at 300 and 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 ('<em><strong>PAR300</strong></em>' and '<em><strong>PAR1000</strong></em>'), taking into account an adaptation time. We used a LED light source and several filters, placed in front of a FluoWat leaf clip, which was connected to two high-performance VIS-NIR spectroradiometers (QEPRO, Ocean Insight Inc., Orlando, Florida, USA). The spectroscopy measurements are presented in the Matlab structures for each measuring day, e.g. "<strong><em>2023_d0_Leaf_Spec_Tomato_Stress.mat</em></strong>".</p> <p>The outputs of the pigment spectral fitting code are presented by Matlab structures, e.g. "<strong><em>2023_d0_Leaf_Fitting_Tomato_Stress.mat</em></strong>", which contains the effective absorbance fitting (<strong><em>A_eff</em></strong>) of each pigment (<strong>Chl a, Chl b, Carotene-b, Anthocyanins, and Xanthophylls</strong>) for the wavelength range [500-780] nm, the absorbed photosynthetically active radiation by Chlorophyll a ('<em><strong>APAR_Chla</strong></em>') for the wavelength range [400-800] nm, and the fluorescence quantum efficiency, calculated as the ratio of the emitted fluorescence photons and the flux of photons absorbed by Chlorophyll a. </p> <p>Additional metadata from HPLC photosynthetic pigment analyses, xanthophyll-related enzyme expression, biomass and total content of elemental nitrogen are provided.</p> <p>Please follow the README files for more detailed information.</p> <p> </p>
Plant biomass, leaf area, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in wet sedge tundra, 1994, Arctic LTER, Toolik Lake, Alaska.
Plant biomass, leaf area, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured in three wet sedge tundra experimental sites. Treatments at each site included factorial NxP and at the Toolik sites greenhouse and shade house. Treatments started in 1985 (Sag site) and in 1988 (Toolik sites).
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Foliar resorption, leaf mass per area, and leaf chemistry of sugar maple and American beech, 2020-2022
We quantified nitrogen (N) resorption of the two dominant tree species of northern hardwood forests along an elevation gradient using 14 sites at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH. For these calculations, we also quantified the leaf mass per area for both species, sugar maple and American beech. The original data before averaging for combining with chemistry data is available in an earlier revision of this dataset. Foliar N of sugar maple increased, and N resorption proficiency (NRP) decreased with increasing elevation. In contrast, foliar N and NRP of American beech did not vary significantly with elevation, suggesting that the mechanisms driving patterns of N resorption were distinct between these co-occurring species. While both species exhibited strong correlations between resorption efficiency of C and N, resorption of both elements was much greater for beech than maple. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Leaf area index (LAI) recorded from a nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and N+P fertilization experiment at the 2007 Anaktuvuk River, Alaska, USA fire scar during the 2016-2019 growing seasons
This file contains leaf area index (LAI) measurements from an nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and N+P fertilization experiment established in the southern section of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire in 2016. LAI was recorded using a handheld plant canopy analyzer (LI-COR 2200C; LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA) Data spans 4 years from 2016 (when fertilization began) until 2019. Data was recorded once a year at the peak of each growing season.
Carbon dioxide response curve, dark respiration, specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen data for the 2014 Eriophorum vaginatum reciprocal transplant gardens at Toolik Lake and Sagwon, AK, collected in 2016.
Transplant gardens at Toolik Lake and Sagwon were established in 2014. At each location, 60 tussocks each from ecotypes of Eriophorum vaginatum from Coldfoot (CF, 67°15′32″N, 150°10′12″W), Toolik Lake (TL, 68°37′44″N, 149°35′0″W), and Sagwon (SAG, 69°25′26″N, 148°42′49″W) were transplanted. Half the transplanted tussocks were grown under ambient conditions, while the other half were exposed to passive warming supplied by open-top chambers (OTC). Data were collected in late June through July 2016 include carbon dioxide response curve data, dark respiration, specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen content.
Rapid root to leaf uptake of inorganic and amino acid nitrogen in three dryland plant species.
Our aim was to quantify inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) uptake and compare short-term nutrient acquisition patterns among three dryland plant species: Bouteloua eriopoda, Achnatherum hymenoides, and Gutierrezia sarothrae collected from a mixed grassland community in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert to better understand how asynchronous resource availability may influence biotic interactions and nutrient retention in these ecosystems. We collected living plants from two locations within the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge and transplanted them into pots maintained in the greenhouse with supplemental light and water for two months. We then conducted a greenhouse experiment using these species to compare nutrient uptake of 15N-labeled ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), and glutamate (an amino acid) over 12 to 48 hours. Our study examined three main questions: (1) How rapidly do these dryland plants take up available soil N?, (2) Does leaf uptake differ among inorganic and amino acid N forms?, and (3) Do plant species differ in the speed or form of short-term N uptake?. In the greenhouse, we applied one of three isotopic 15N tracers directly to plant roots and quantified N uptake and recovery in leaves after 12, 24, and 48 hours. We found that plants took up inorganic and amino acid N to leaves as rapidly as 12 h following application, and N uptake more than doubled between 24 and 48 h. Inorganic N uptake was 3-4x higher than organic N uptake in all three species, and plants took up ammonium and nitrate at 2-3x faster rates than glutamate. On average, B. eriopoda had higher inorganic N recovery and uptake speeds, while G. sarothrae had the highest organic N uptake over time. A. hymenoides root to leaf uptake was ~50% lower than the other two species after 48 h. Plants showed similar patterns of short-term foliar uptake and recovery indicating a lack of niche partitioning by N form among the three dryland species measured. Our results suggest that soil inorganic N, par
Global variation in the fraction of leaf nitrogen allocated to photosynthesis
<p>ReadMe</p> <p>1. The datasets were produced based on the method described in Luo X. et al. Global variation in the fraction of leaf nitrogen allocated to photosynthesis. Nature Communications. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25163-9.</p> <p>2. Vcmax25_RF and fLNR_RF are the key output. Vcmax25_RF was estimated using random forest trained by ground observations, remote sensing leaf chlorophyll content and some ancillary environment variables. fLNR_RF was further calculated from Vcmax25_RF.</p> <p>3. Vcmax25_un and fLNR_un are the uncertainties of Vcmax25_RF and fLNR_RF. </p> <p>4. Note there are several gridded leaf nitrogen content maps (LNC; area-based) available for our derivation of fLNR from Vcmax25. In our study, we mainly use EB17, but also provide the results based on AMM18 and CB20 (see reference).</p> <p>5. Other Vcmax25 and fLNR datasets are provided for comparison. They are all driven by CRU TS4.01 climate data, soil grids soil data and EB17 leaf nitrogen/phosphorus datasets.</p> <p>If you have any questions about the dataset, please contact Xiangzhong (Remi) Luo at xzluo.remi@nus.edu.sg</p>
Post-fire Variability in Siberian Alder in Interior Alaska: Distribution Patterns, Nitrogen Fixation Rates, and Ecosystem Consequences II - Leaf Chemistry 2015
This data set was collected as a part of Brian Houseman's MS Thesis, Post-fire Variability in Siberian Alder in Interior Alaska: Distribution Patterns, Nitrogen Fixation Rates, and Ecosystem Consequences (December 2017). Data include Siberian alder (Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa) leaf chemistry (N, C, P) and specific leaf mass. Data were collected on study plots established across two burn scars (2004 Boundary Fire and 1971 Wickersham Dome Fire) within the Yukon-Tanana Uplands ecoregion of interior Alaska. The data were collected in 2014.
Measurements of leaf litter Carbon and Nitrogen from the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient sites, Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, NC
This project was started by Haines and Crossley in 1992 to compare leaf litter weights among the five gradient plots (though data from the first collections were not included in this dataset because the original dataset did not represent a complete quarter of collection). Litter is collected from ten 91.4 x 91.4 cm leaf collectors within each of the gradient plots. Litter is collected on a quarterly basis (monthly in the autumn). The litter is then separated by category, dried, weighed, and processed in a Wiley mill for later carbon and nitrogen analyses. Since the project first started, the collection process has expanded to include non-leaf litter (e.g., lichens, bark, and seeds), fine twigs (0-2.5 cm diameter), and medium twigs (2.5-10 cm diameter).
Data for Global Patterns of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Reproductive and Leaf Litterfall, 1966 to 2022
Reproductive and leaf litterfall nitrogen and phosphorus data was compiled from previously published studies and is global in extent. The publication years from which data was obtained spans from 1966 to 2022. The data was compiled in order to assess global scale trends of nitrogen and phosphorus in both reproductive and leaf litterfall. This dataset was used in "Global Patterns of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Reproductive and Leaf Litterfall", published in Ecosystems, by Steven W. Gougherty and Pamela H. Templer.
Picea mariana Growth, Leaf N Concentration and Assimilation in a Bog Exposed to Nitrogen Treatments, 2013-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Bogs, being ombrotrophic, may be especially susceptible to increasing N deposition. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a bog near Mariana Lakes, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). In September 2013-2015, we measured annual leader extension of Picea mariana on four trees (0.5-2.5 m tall) per plot. Using a visually estimated P. mariana density at Mariana Lakes Bog of 1 tree m-2, and N concentrations in P. mariana needles, we calculated annual N assimilation attributable to new needle production. Annual leader extension and tree growth increased with increasing N input, with the response becoming more pronounced from 2013 through 2015. Picea mariana needle N concentrations also increased with increasing N input, at a modest, but significant rate that was consistent across all years while water addition alone had no significant effect on P. mariana leader extension, growth, needle N concentration, or N assimilation in any of the years of measurement (p >= 0.54). At Mariana Lakes Bog, the effect of N addition on P. mariana NPP became more pronounced over time. We cannot determine the extent to which the progressively steeper P. mariana growth response to N deposition represents a cumulative effect of added N or is related to interannual differences in temporal climatic variables.
Leaf area, biomass, carbon and nitrogen content by species for harvests taken as part of the ITEX flux survey.
Leaf area, biomass, foliar carbon and nitrogen by species for destructive vegetation harvests. Plots were located in the Toolik Lake LTER fertilization experiment in Alaska; at Imnavait Creek, Alaska; at Paddus, Latnjajaure and the Stepps site near Abisko in northern Sweden; and at various sites in Adventdalen, Svalbard, in Zackenberg valley, Northeast Greenland, and at BEO near Barrow, Alaska. Harvests were taken during the growing seasons 2003 to 2009.
Long-term Carbon and Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Dynamics of Leaf and Fine Root Litter project (LIDET-Long-term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team) data for the ARC, Arctic LTER. 1990 to 2000.
This file is from the Long-term Carbon and Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Dynamics of Leaf and Fine Root Litter project (LIDET-Long-term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team). This file contains only the Arctic LTER data. In particular the mass looses over the ten year study. Three types of fine roots (graminoid, hardwood, and conifer), six types of leaf litter (which ranged in lignin/nitrogen ratio from 5 to 75), and wooden dowels were used for litter incubations over a ten year period.
Effects of stem canker disease on N fixation inputs by Alnus tenuifolia to early-successional floodplains in interior and south-central Alaska. I. Nitrogen fixation rates, leaf chemistry and soil chemistry.
This dataset contains data on nitrogen fixation rates, leaf chemistry, soil temperature and moisture, and soil chemistry on trees selected for studying disease-mediated declines in N-fixation inputs by Alnus tenuifolia to early-successional floodplains in interior and south-central Alaska
Nitrogen and Phosphorus resorption of thin-leaf alder growing in control, N-fertilized, and P-fertilized plots across a floodplain successional gradient.
This file includes data for leaf N and P concentrations, specific leaf weight, and N and P resorption for thin-leaf alder during the 2009 growing in control, N-fertilized, and P-fertilized stands in early-, mid- and late-successional stages along the Tanana River.
SGS-LTER CO2 Elevation Study: Leaf carbon isotope, nitrogen, carbon and Ci/Ca means from the SGS Open Top Chamber experiment on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1997 - 2001
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82454. Carbon isotopes of elevated and ambient OTC plants were measured for use in isotope labeling and plant water-use-efficiency measures. Leaf N and C are associated parameters were also measured. This research was conducted at the Central Plains Experimental Range, near Nunn, CO; lat.40degrees 40 minutes N; long. 104 degrees 45 minutes W in the shortgrass steppe region of NE Colorado, USA and as a collaboration between SGS-LTER and USDA-ARS researchers.
Estimating leaf nitrogen concentration based on the combination with fluorescence spectrum and first-derivative
Leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) is a major indicator in the estimation of the crop growth status which has been diffusely applied in remote sensing. Thus, it is important to accurately obtain LNC by using passive or active technology. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) can be applied to monitor LNC in crops through analyzing the changing of fluorescence spectral information. Thus, the performance of fluorescence spectrum (FS) and first-derivative fluorescence spectrum (FDFS) for paddy rice (Yangliangyou 6 and Manly Indica) LNC estimation was discussed, and then the proposed FS+FDFS was used to monitor LNC by multivariate analysis. The results showed that the difference between FS (R2=0.781, SD=0.078) and FDFS R2=0.779, SD=0.097) for LNC estimation by using the artificial neural network (ANN) is not obvious. The proposed FS+FDFS can improved the accuracy of LNC estimation to some extent (R2=0.813, SD=0.051). Then, principal component analysis was used in FS and FDFS, and extracted the main fluorescence characteristics. The results indicated that the proposed FS+FDFS exhibited higher robustness and stability for LNC estimation (R2=0.851, SD=0.032) than that only using FS (R2=0.815, SD=0.059) or FDFS (R2=0.801, SD=0.065).
Data from: Addition of nitrogen to canopy versus understory has different effects on leaf traits of understory plants in a subtropical evergreen broad–leaved forest
<p>Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has substantial effects on forest ecosystems. The effects of N deposition on understory plants have been simulated by spraying N on the forest floor. Such understory addition of N (UAN) might simulate atmospheric N deposition in a biased manner, because it bypasses the canopy.</p> <p>We compared the effects of UAN and canopy addition of N (CAN) at 0, 25, and 50 kg N ha<sup>–1</sup> year<sup>–1</sup> on specific leaf area (SLA), leaf construction costs (CC), concentrations of leaf carbon ([C]), nitrogen ([N]), phosphorus ([P]), minerals ([Mineral]), nitrate ([NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>]), lignin ([Lignin]), lipids ([Lipid]), organic acids ([OA]), soluble phenolics ([SP]), total non-structural carbohydrates ([TNC]), and total structural carbohydrates ([TSC]) in six dominant understory species in a subtropical evergreen forest after five years of N treatments.</p> <p>We found that leaf CC, [C], [Lignin], [OA], [TNC] and [TSC] were significantly affected by N-addition approach and rate, but leaf [P] and [Lipid] were affected by N-addition approach and N-addition rate, respectively; leaf CC, [C], [P], [OA], and [TNC] were significantly lower under UAN than under CAN, but leaf [TSC] and [Lignin] were significantly higher and lower, respectively, under UAN than under CAN at 50 kg N ha<sup>–1</sup> year<sup>–1</sup>; the decline of leaf [C] and [Lignin] contributed to the significantly lower leaf CC under UAN than under CAN.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. We show that canopy and understory N addition exerted significantly different effects on leaf traits of understory plants. The results indicate that understory plants in subtropical forest respond differently to understory addition of N from those to atmospheric deposition of N. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the unbiased ecological processes and functions of forest ecosystem responding to atmospheric N deposition via both canopy and understory N addition experiments over a longer term.</p>
Data from: The impact of plant genetic variation, drought, and leaf nitrogen on plant-herbivore interactions
<p>Plant genotype, drought stress, and their interaction are among the factors contributing to the susceptibility of plants to herbivory. The plant's nitrogen concentration, a critical and often limiting nutrient, differs with plant genotype and drought. Still, few studies have investigated the impact of the interaction of genotype and drought on herbivory and plant nitrogen. We established a common garden in Duluth, MN, of tall goldenrod, <em>Solidago altissima,</em> collected from a local Minnesota site to analyze the effects of goldenrod genotype and drought stress on leaf nitrogen and the preference and performance of the chrysanthemum lace bug, <em>Corythucha marmorata</em>. Lace bugs had oviposition, nymph, and adult preferences among host plant genotypes, water treatments, and among genotype and water treatment combinations. Nymph and adult survival and adult mass varied significantly due to plant genotype, water treatment, the interaction of plant and water treatment, and the interaction of treatment with lace bug density. Oviposition preference and offspring performance were significantly positively related. Leaf nitrogen increased with the increasing severity of the water limitation in the absence of lace bugs. However, in the presence of lace bugs, there was no difference in nitrogen among water treatments.</p>
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