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43 results for “leaf nutrients”
Relative percent cover and leaf nutrients was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and non-acid tundra, Arctic LTER Toolik Field Station, Alaska 2015
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots at Toolik field station in moist acidic and non-acidic tundra in greenhouse and control plots. Leaf percent carbon, percent nitrogen and percent phosphorus were collected from dominant species in greenhouse and control plots on Arctic LTER experimental plots at Toolik field station in moist acidic, non-acidic tundra, wet sedge and shrub tundra
Mangrove Leaf Litter Carbon and Nutrients from the Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida, USA, January 2019 - ongoing
Mangrove litterfall dynamics have been monitored in all Shark River sites (SRS-4, SRS-5, SRS-6) since January 2001 using the same collection method stated in Castañeda-Moya et al. 2013 (metadata: knb-lter-fce.1195) and Danielson et al. 2017. Briefly, litterfall was collected monthly at all sites (10 baskets per site) using permanent 0.25 m2 wooden baskets supported approximately 1.3 m above the soil surface and lined with 1 mm mesh screening. Litterfall from each basket was sorted, dried, and weighed by leaf species, reproductive parts by species, and woody material. Leaf litter data from different years (2019, 2020, 2021, 2023) were selected for each site to identify species-specific foliar carbon and nutrient (N and P) content. Monthly leaf litter samples were analyzed separately by species for all years after grinding with a Wiley Mill to pass through a 40-µm mesh screen. Total leaf litter C and N contents were determined with a Carlo-Erba NA-1500 elemental analyzer (Fisons Instruments Inc., Danvers, MA, USA). Total leaf litter P was extracted using an acid-digest (HCl) extraction, and concentrations of SRP were determined by spectrophotometric analysis (Methods 365.4 and 365.2, USA EPA 1983). Litterfall data collection is ongoing every year since 2001, while C and nutrients analyses are performed every other year after 2021. See also Shark River mangrove litterfall data (knb-lter-fce.1195) on the FCE LTER website's data catalog or in the EDI repository (https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-fce&identifier=1195). References: Castañeda-Moya, E., Twilley, R. R., & Rivera-Monroy, V. H. (2013). Allocation of biomass and net primary productivity of mangrove forests along environmental gradients in the Florida Coastal Everglades, USA. Forest Ecology and Management, 307, 226-241. Danielson, T.M., V.H. Rivera-Monroy, E. Castaneda-Moya, H. Briceno, R. Travieso, B.D. Marx, E. Gaiser, and L.M. Farfan. 2017. Assessment of Everglades mangrove forest re
Fern leaf nutrients observation at the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF)
Ferns are a common element of the understory of forests yet little is known about the dynamics of leaf production. The long-term role of an individual fern in the ecosystem understory is a function of the number and size of leaves produced over time and the quality of those leaves. Selected functional plant traits (see also LUQ186 -Fern nutrients) were measured in order to supplement non-destructive measurements and detect patterns of primary productivity of ferns in the long-term studies at the Luquillo forest where ferns have been included (eg. Fern growth and demography (LUQ75) Canopy Trimming Experiment (LUQ143 and LUQ146) and the Luquillo Forest Dynamics Plot). Among the important characteristics of fern leaves in the forest understory are the area and biomass of leaves needed to calculate specific leaf area (SLA) leaf dry-matter content (LDMC) and leaf shrinkage. Therefore a large sample of whole leaves and leaf material from several species in the Luquillo Experimental Forest understory was collected weighed and leaf area measured. The means and regression relationships among these functional traits for species leaf type and leaf size can then be used to estimate leaf production and turnover rates in temporal studies of fern growth. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Leaf nutrient and root biomass data from the Peat Collapse-Saltwater Intrusion Field Experiment within Everglades National Park (FCE), collected from October 2014 to September 2016
With sea level rise increasing, saltwater intrusion into low-lying coastal wetlands is likely to occur. We simulated saltwater intrusion into an Everglades marsh through monthly additions of elevated salinity water. Yearly sawgrass leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations and live root biomass measurements were measured from a brackish water and freshwater marsh. All measurements were taken every other month 24 hours after dosing. Measurements occurred from Oct 2014 - Sep 2016. Ecosystem flux measured includes gross ecosystem production, ecosystem respiration of CO2, net ecosystem production, and ecosystem respiration of CH4. These data are published in Wilson, B.J., Servais, S., Mazzei, V., Davis, S.E., Kelly, S., Gaiser, E., Kominoski, J.S., Richards, J., Rudnick, D., Sklar, F., Stachelek, J., and Troxler, T.G. Salinity pulses interact with seasonal dry-down to increase ecosystem carbon loss in marshes of the Florida Everglades. Ecological Applications. Accepted.
Canopy opening increased leaf shredding arthropods and nutrient mineralization but not mass loss in a wet tropical forest
Canopy opening increased leaf shredding arthropods and nutrient mineralization but not mass loss in a wet tropical forest Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Data from: Leaf functional traits predict timing of nutrient resorption and carbon depletion in deciduous subarctic plants
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The Interaction between Soil Nutrients and Leaf Loss during Early Establishment in Plant Invasion, 2004
Nitrogen availability is expected to affect both plant growth and the preferences of herbivores. We hypothesized that an interaction between these two factors could affect the early establishment of native and exotic species differently, promoting invasion in natural systems. Taxonomically paired native and invasive species (Acer platanoides, Acer rubrum, Lonicera maackii, Diervilla lonicera, Celastrus orbiculatus, Celastrus scandens, Elaeagnus umbellata, Ceanothus americanus, Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, and Vitis riparia) were grown in relatively high-resource (hardwood forests) and low-resource (pine barrens) communities on Long Island, New York, USA for a period of 3 months, in 2004. Plants were grown in ambient and nitrogen-enhanced conditions in both communities. Nitrogen additions produced an average 12% initial increase in leaf number of all plants. By the end of the experiment, invasive species outperformed native species in nitrogen-enhanced plots in hardwood forests, where all plants experienced increased damage relative to control plots. Native species experienced higher overall amounts of damage in hardwood forests, losing, on average, 45% more leaves than exotic species, and only native species experienced a decline in growth rates (32% compared with controls). In contrast, in pine barrens, there were no differences in damage and no differences in performance between native and invasive plants.
Data from: Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs
Leaf traits are frequently measured in ecology to provide a 'common currency' for predicting how anthropogenic pressures impact ecosystem function. Here, we test whether leaf traits consistently respond to experimental treatments across 27 globally distributed grassland sites across 4 continents. We find that specific leaf area (leaf area per unit mass)—a commonly measured morphological trait inferring shifts between plant growth strategies—did not respond to up to four years of soil nutrient additions. Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations increased in response to the addition of each respective soil nutrient. We found few significant changes in leaf traits when vertebrate herbivores were excluded in the short-term. Leaf nitrogen and potassium concentrations were positively correlated with species turnover, suggesting that interspecific trait variation was a significant predictor of leaf nitrogen and potassium, but not of leaf phosphorus concentration. Climatic conditions and pretreatment soil nutrient levels also accounted for significant amounts of variation in the leaf traits measured. Overall, we find that leaf morphological traits, such as specific leaf area, are not appropriate indicators of plant response to anthropogenic perturbations in grasslands.
Thesis DRIS leaf nutrient analysis results
<p>The data file contains results from leaf nutrient analysis that have been analyzed with the Florida citrus DRIS program, created by Arnold Schumann (UF IFAS Citrus Research and Education Center, Soil and Precision Agricultura Lab). This data was used to train an AI model to recognize nutrient deficiencies of citrus. </p>
Protection offered by leaf fungal endophytes to an invasive species against native herbivores depends on soil nutrients
1. Natural grassland ecosystems are increasingly threatened by excessive loadings of nutrients and by the presence of species bred for high productivity. By manipulating grazing regimes and nutrient availability, agricultural practices facilitate the establishment and spread of certain forage plant species outside managed landscapes, challenging local biodiversity. The ecological success of some species in the invaded range sometimes seems to be associated with the symbiosis with foliar fungal endophytes. Symbiotic fungi may increase the competitiveness of host species, but also the resistance to herbivory through the production of toxic secondary compounds such as alkaloids. While progress has been made in understanding how soil nutrients modulate other benefits offered by fungal endophytes to plants (for example, stress tolerance, competitive ability, etc), the consequences for a higher trophic level (i.e. herbivores) and the potential feedbacks on plant invasion have not been explored yet. 2. We explored the relative and interactive importance of soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in modulating the interaction of the invasive grass tall fescue -associated with fungal endophytes- and native herbivores in a natural grassland. We hypothesized that N and P nutrients modulate differentially leaf quality traits, namely nutritional value and fungal alkaloid contents, determining the level of damage by native insect herbivores on the exotic tall fescue. 3. We found that only P addition significantly increased native caterpillar density in the field, which corresponded to a concomitant increase in leaf damage. Contrary to expectations, the concentration of the alkaloid ergovaline in leaves was not strongly related to N. It was the level of soil P which dictated the concentration of the element (P) in the leaves and reduced the level of defence against herbivores in this endophyte-symbiotic species. Then, herbivore performance increased, and plants were more prone to be attacked. 4. Synthesis: Our study indicates a strong control of soil P fertility on the tritrophic interaction among plants, fungal endophytes and native herbivores. This highlights the potential role of increased soil nutrients on the invasion spread of endophyte-symbiotic forage plants in natural grasslands.
Data from: Detrital nutrient content and leaf species differentially affect growth and nutritional regulation of detritivores
Resource nutrient content and identity are common bottom-up controls on organismal growth and nutritional regulation. One framework to study these factors, ecological stoichiometry theory, predicts that elevated resource nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents enhance organism growth by alleviating constraints on N and P acquisition. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying this response – including whether responses depend on resource identity – remain poorly understood. In this study, we tested roles of detrital N and P contents and identity (leaf species) in constraining growth of aquatic invertebrate detritivores. We synthesized results from seven detritivore species fed wide nutrient gradients of oak and maple detritus in the laboratory. Across detritivore taxa, we used a meta-analytic approach quantifying effects of detrital leaf species and N and P contents on growth, consumption, and N- and P-specific assimilation and growth efficiencies. Detritivore growth rates increased on higher-N and P detritus and on oak compared to maple detritus. Notably, the mechanisms of improved growth differed between the responses to detrital nutrients versus leaf species, with the former driven by greater consumption rates despite lower assimilation efficiencies on higher-nutrient detritus, and the latter driven by improved N and P assimilation and N growth efficiencies on oak detritus. These findings suggest animal nutrient acquisition changes flexibly in response to resource changes, altering the fate of detrital N and P throughout regulation. We affirm resource identity and nutrients as important bottom-up controls, but suggest these factors act through separate pathways to affect organism growth and thereby change detrital ecosystems under anthropogenic forest compositional change and nutrient enrichment.
Below-ground root nutrient-acquisition strategies are more sensitive to long-term grazing than above-ground leaf traits across a soil nutrient gradient
<p>Understanding how plant nutrient acquisition strategies respond to grazing at the community level is critical to understanding ecosystem structure and functioning in grasslands. However, few studies have simultaneously compared the difference in aboveground (leaf) and belowground (root) nutrient-acquisition strategies in response to long-term grazing, especially at the regional scale. Here, we measured a set of leaf and fine-root traits that correspond to the fast-slow economic spectrum at the community level in 10 experimental sites from paired grazed and ungrazed grasslands across a soil nutrient gradient covering three major types of grasslands in northern China. We found that patterns of variations of leaf and fine-root traits were consistent with both a leaf and root economic spectrum at the community level for both grazed and non-grazed plots. Grazing had a minor effect on community-level leaf nutrient-acquisition strategies but strongly influenced community-level root nutrient-acquisition strategies. Specifically, root nutrient-acquisition strategies were shifted to more exploitative resource use in grazed communities. Moreover, soil nutrients contributed to the changes in both leaf and root nutrient-acquisition strategies, which tended towards a more resource-acquisition strategy with increasing soil nutrient levels. Grazing significantly interacted with soil nutrients to affect root nutrient-acquisition strategies, and grazing contributed more to root nutrient-acquisition strategies than soil nutrients. Our results demonstrated completely inconsistent responses of community-level above- and below-ground resource acquisition strategies to long-term grazing, and below-ground acquisition strategies were more sensitive to long-term grazing. Our findings also suggest that high-intensity anthropogenic activities such as grazing may strongly modify below-ground resource acquisition strategies.</p>
Vertical profiles of leaf photosynthesis and leaf traits, and soil nutrients in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana before and after a three-year nitrogen and phosphorus addition experiment
<p>We provide a comprehensive dataset of vertical profiles of photosynthetic capacity and important leaf traits, including leaf N and P concentrations, from two three-year, large-scale fertilisation experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana. These data present a unique source of information to further improve model representations of the roles of N, P, and other leaf nutrients, in photosynthesis in tropical forests. To further facilitate the use of our data in syntheses and model studies, we provide an elaborate list of ancillary data, including important soil properties and nutrients, along with the leaf data. As environmental drivers are key to improve our understanding of carbon (C)-nutrient cycle interactions, this comprehensive dataset will aid to further enhance our understanding of how nutrient availability interacts with C uptake in tropical forests.</p>
Differential nutrient limitation and tree height control leaf physiology, supporting niche partitioning in tropical dipterocarp forests
<p><span>Revealing the mechanisms of environmental niche partitioning within lowland tropical forests is important for understanding the drivers of current species distributions and potential vulnerability to environmental change. Tropical forest structure and species composition change across edaphic gradients in Borneo over short distances. However, our understanding of how edaphic conditions affect tree physiology and whether these relationships drive niche partitioning within Bornean forests remains incomplete. </span></p> <p><span>This study evaluated how leaf physiological function changes with nutrient availability across a fine-scale edaphic gradient and whether these relationships vary according to tree height. Furthermore, we tested whether intraspecific leaf trait variation allows generalist species to populate a wider range of environments.</span></p> <p><span>We measured leaf traits of 218 trees ranging in height from 4 to 66 m from 13 dipterocarp species within four tropical forest types (alluvial, mudstone, sandstone, kerangas) occurring along an < 5km edaphic gradient in North Borneo. The traits measured included saturating photosynthesis (<em>A</em><sub>sat</sub>), maximum photosynthetic capacity (<em>V</em><sub>cmax</sub>), leaf dark respiration (<em>R</em><sub>leaf</sub>), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf thickness, minimum stomatal conductance (<em>g</em><sub>dark</sub>) and leaf nutrient concentrations (N, P, Ca, K, Mg). </span></p> <p><span>Across all species, leaf traits varied consistently in response to soil nutrient availability across forest types except <em>R</em><sub>leaf_mass</sub>, [<em>Mg</em>]<sub>leaf</sub> and [<em>Ca</em>]<sub>leaf</sub>. Changes in photosynthesis and respiration rates were related to different leaf nutrients across forest types, with greater nutrient-use efficiency in more nutrient-poor environments. Generalist species partially or fully compensated reductions in mass-based photosynthesis through increasing LMA in more nutrient-poor environments. </span></p> <p><span>Leaf traits also varied with tree height, except <em>V</em><sub>cmax_mass</sub>, but only in response to height-related modifications of leaf morphology (LMA and leaf thickness). These height-trait relationships did not vary across the edaphic gradient, except for <em>A</em><sub>sat</sub>, [<em>N</em>]leaf, [<em>P</em>]<sub>leaf</sub> and [<em>K</em>]<sub>leaf</sub>. </span></p> <p><span>Our results highlight that modification of leaf physiological function and morphology act as important adaptations for Bornean dipterocarps in response to edaphic and vertical environmental gradients. Meanwhile, multiple nutrients appear to contribute to niche partitioning and could drive species distributions and high biodiversity within Bornean forest landscapes.</span></p>
Widespread controls of leaf nutrient resorption by nutrient limitation and stoichiometry
<p>Leaf nutrient resorption is a key process in nutrient cycles, but fundamental knowledge regarding its control mechanisms remains limited. Among the three proposed basic control mechanisms on leaf nutrient resorption, namely nutrient concentration control, nutrient limitation control, and stoichiometry control, only the first has been demonstrated to exist globally, while the latter two have not been systematically evaluated.</p> <p>Here, we conducted a global data synthesis to explore nutrient limitation and stoichiometry control on leaf resorption of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, based on 3,395 data points from 109 peer-reviewed studies. </p> <p>Results showed that the nutrient limitation control existed globally, but was only applicable for the resorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The stoichiometry control existed globally for carbon and all studied nutrients, and coexisted with nutrient limitation control. Conifers' resorption relied primarily on stoichiometry control rather than nutrient limitation control. Nutrient limitation control was stronger in evergreen angiosperms than in deciduous angiosperms.</p> <p>Our findings support the ubiquity of both nutrient limitation and stoichiometry in controlling leaf resorption for multiple nutrients, such that these controls should be considered in Earth system models to better predict biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems.</p>
Below-ground root nutrient-acquisition strategies are more sensitive to long-term grazing than above-ground leaf traits across a soil nutrient gradient
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Widespread controls of leaf nutrient resorption by nutrient limitation and stoichiometry
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Protection offered by leaf fungal endophytes to an invasive species against native herbivores depends on soil nutrients
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Human disturbance and aridity influence biomass harvesting by leaf-cutting ants with impacts on nutrient dynamics in a Caatinga dry forest
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Data from: Detrital nutrient content and leaf species differentially affect growth and nutritional regulation of detritivores
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