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52 results for “leaf size”
Linked collectors and determiners for: Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/799d241f-7891-4146-a38c-7809efa13368">https://bionomia.net/dataset/799d241f-7891-4146-a38c-7809efa13368</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/799d241f-7891-4146-a38c-7809efa13368">https://gbif.org/dataset/799d241f-7891-4146-a38c-7809efa13368</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Plant size and leaf traits for epiphyte species found in flooded gallery forests and non-flooded gallery forests in Central Brazil
<p>Despite their unique adaptations to thrive in canopy environments without access to soil resources, epiphytes are underrepresented in studies of functional traits and of functional composition of tropical plant communities. We investigated functional traits of spermatophytic (seed-bearing) C<sub>3</sub> and CAM epihyte communities in flooded and non-flooded gallery forests in Central Brazil. The two forest types differ in floristic, structure, microclimate and edaphic conditions. We studied plant size, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf C, N, P, K, Mg, Ca and C and N stable isotope ratios. Because photosynthetic pathway (C<sub>3</sub> or CAM) is an important aspect of ecologial differentiation of spermatophytic epiphytes, we expected that functional trait syndromes in a multivariate space would be more associated with photosynthetic pathway than forest type and changes in abundance of C<sub>3</sub> and CAM epiphytes would drive functional trait composition at the community level. C<sub>3</sub> and CAM epiphytes segregated in the multivariate trait space, however more complex functional typologies were also evident. Despite lower light levels, CAM epiphytes were more abundant in the flooded gallery forest. There, they accounted for 80% of all individuals, whereas C<sub>3</sub> epiphytes dominated in the non-flooded forest. These large differences in the proportion of C<sub>3</sub> and CAM epiphytes strongly affected functional trait values at the community level, despite very little intraspecfic variation in trait values between forest types for species that occurred in both forests. </p>
Wood density and leaf size jointly predict woody plant growth rates across (but not within) species along a steep precipitation gradient
<p>1. Functional traits have been proposed to define key dimensions of plant ecological strategies, but we lack consensus on whether traits can accurately predict plant demography. Despite theoretical expectations, it has been challenging to find consistent relationships between functional traits and growth. 2. In this study, we quantified inter- and intraspecific trait variation and individual growth rates of woody plants across a steep moisture gradient that varies 10-fold in annual precipitation (350–3,700 mm) in southern Chile and used a hierarchical Bayesian model to predict growth as a function of trait values. 3. We show that large-leaved species with lower stem tissue density exhibited the fastest growth rates, and these two traits exhibited the highest proportion of interspecific variation. Predictions of growth improved considerably (R2 of the best model increased from 0.28 to 0.49) when species-level multiple traits and their interactions were considered. The inclusion of intraspecific trait variation (ITV), however, did not improve models of growth rate. 4. We found that trait-growth rate relationships were not always consistent across levels of biological organization; relationships observed at the interspecific level did not necessarily hold at the intraspecific level. We found that the relationships between wood density or leaf size and growth were consistent in direction across the precipitation gradient, and the relationships between leaf economics traits and growth were weak and site-specific. 5. Synthesis. Although using more than one functional trait considerably improved growth predictions, wood density and leaf size successfully predicted growth rates across (not within) species, which is consistent with a whole-plant carbon economy. We assert that these two traits are intimately linked and ultimately describe a continuum of plant architecture and carbon economy that covers multiple trait syndromes.</p>
Data recorded for leaf size, and leaf vein and areole measurements taken from nine Magnoliaceae species
<p><span>Across species, the density of major veins in leaves scales inversely with leaf area. Yet, minor vein density manifests no clear relationship with respect to leaf are, despite having the potential to provide important insights into the trade-off between investments in leaf mechanical support, hydraulics, and light interception. </span><span>To examine this phenomenon, between 120−380 mature leaves from each of nine Magnoliaceae species were sampled</span><span> from Nanjing Forestry University campus and Nanjing Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China in 2019 and 2020. The leaves were boiled, and the epidermal and mesophyll tissues were removed. The remaining leaf skeleton was stained to obtain a clear leaf venation network. The software LEAF GUI was used to obtain the data of leaf size, leaf vein and areole traits. The large sample size data render it possible to explore the scaling relationships between leaf size and each trait of leaf veins and areoles. This data set includes the information of leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, total vein length, total vein area, mean areole area per leaf, and the number of the areole sizes per leaf of the nine Magnoliaceae species.</span></p>
Leaf size variations in a dominant desert shrub, Reaumuria soongarica, adapted to heterogeneous environments
<p>The climate in arid Central Asia (ACA) has changed rapidly in recent decades, but the ecological consequences of this are far from clear. To predict the impacts of climate change on ecosystem functioning, greater attention should be given to the relationships between leaf functional traits and environmental heterogeneity. As a dominant constructive shrub widely distributed in ACA, <em>Reaumuria soongarica</em> provided us with an ideal model to understand how leaf functional traits of desert ecosystems responded to the heterogeneous environments of ACA. Here, to determine the influences of genetic and ecological factors, we characterized species-wide variations in leaf traits among 30 wild populations of <em>R. soongarica</em> and 16 populations grown in a common garden. We found that the leaf length, width, and leaf length to width ratio (L/W) of the northern lineage were significantly larger than those of other genetic lineages, and principal component analysis based on the <em>in situ</em> environmental factors distinguished the northern lineage from the other lineages studied. With increasing latitude, leaf length, width, and L/W in the wild populations increased significantly. Leaf length and L/W were negatively correlated with altitude, and first increased and then decreased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). Stepwise regression analyses further indicated that leaf length variation was mainly affected by latitude. However, leaf width was uncorrelated with altitude, MAT or MAP. The common garden trial showed that leaf width variation among the eastern populations was caused by both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. Our findings suggest that <em>R. soongarica</em> preferentially changes leaf length to adjust leaf size to cope with environmental change. We also reveal phenotypic evidence for ecological speciation of <em>R. soongarica</em>. These results will help us better understand and predict the consequences of climate change for desert ecosystem functioning.</p>
Application of leaf size and leafing intensity scaling across subtropical trees
<p>Understanding the scaling between leaf size and leafing intensity (leaf number per stem size) is crucial for comprehending theories about the leaf costs and benefits in the leaf size–twig size spectrum. However, the scaling scope of leaf size vs. leafing intensity changes along the twig leaf size variation in different leaf habit species remains elusive. Here, we hypothesize that the numerical value of scaling exponent for leaf mass versus leafing intensity in twig is governed by the minimum leaf mass versus maximum leaf mass (<i>M</i><sub>min</sub> vs. <i>M</i><sub>max</sub>) and constrained to be ≤ -1.0.</p> <p>We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the twigs of 123 species datasets complied in the subtropical mountain forest. The standardized major axis regression (SMA) analyses showed the <i>M</i><sub>min</sub> scaled as the 1.19 power of <i>M</i><sub>m</sub><sub>ax</sub> and the -a (-1.19) was not statistically different from the exponents of <i>M</i><sub>min</sub><i> </i>vs. leafing intensity in whole data. Across leaf habit groups, the <i>M</i><sub>max</sub> scaled negatively and isometrically with respect to leafing intensity. The pooled data's scaling exponents ranged from -1.14 to -0.96 for <i>M</i><sub>min</sub> and <i>M</i><sub>max</sub> vs. the leafing intensity based on stem volume (LIV). In the case of <i>M</i><sub>min</sub> and <i>M</i><sub>max</sub> vs. the leafing intensity based on stem mass (LIM), the scaling exponents ranged from -1.24 to -1.04.</p> <p>Our hypothesis successfully predicts that the scaling relationship between leaf mass and leafing intensity is constrained to be ≤ -1.0. More importantly, the lower limit to scaling of leaf mass and leafing intensity maybe closely correlate with <i>M</i><sub>min</sub> vs. <i>M</i><sub>max</sub>. Besides, constrained by the maximum leaf mass expand, the broad scope range between leaf size and number may be insensitive to leaf habit groups in subtropical mountain forest.</p>
Data recorded for leaf size, and leaf vein and areole measurements taken from nine Magnoliaceae species
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Leaf size and shape interact to control flammability: An experiment with artificial leaves cut from the large-leaved species Sapranthus palanga
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Leaf size variations in a dominant desert shrub, Reaumuria soongarica, adapted to heterogeneous environments
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Plant size and leaf traits for epiphyte species found in flooded gallery forests and non-flooded gallery forests in Central Brazil
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Data from: The leaf economic and plant size spectra of European forest understory vegetation
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Wood density and leaf size jointly predict woody plant growth rates across (but not within) species along a steep precipitation gradient
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A trade-off between leaf carbon economics and plant size among mangrove species in Dongzhaigang, China
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Data from: Leaf-footed bugs possess multiple hidden contrasting color signals, but only one is associated with increased body size
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Application of leaf size and leafing intensity scaling across subtropical trees
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FIGURE 6 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 6. Individuals of Uroplatus fivehy sp. nov. from the type locality (Sorata) photographed in life. A, B and E, males (attribution to voucher number uncertain); C, D, G, females (attribution to voucher number uncertain); F, female paratype (ZSM 1722/2012) from Sorata; H, male holotype (ZSM 1721/2012) from Sorata showing shape and size of the tail.
FIGURE 8 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 8. Preserved holotypes of Uroplatus fangorn sp. nov. (ZSM 79/2005) and U. fivehy sp. nov. (ZSM 1721/2012).
FIGURE 5 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 5. Individuals of Uroplatus fangorn sp. nov. photographed in life. A, Male holotype (ZSM 79/2005) from Marojejy. B, C, D, male paratype (ZSM 644/2014) from Andrevorevo. E, F, G, female paratype (UADBA-R 70054 / DRV 6281), from Andrevorevo.
FIGURE 2 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 2. Haplotype networks of nuclear genes. Colors correspond to species; circles are scaled according to the number of samples per haplotype; inferred intermediate steps between haplotypes are represented by small black circles.
FIGURE 4 in Towards completion of the species inventory of small-sized leaf-tailed geckos: two new species of Uroplatus from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 4. Morphological differentiation between Uroplatus fangorn sp. nov., U. fivehy sp. nov., and their closest relative, U. finiavana. The upper panel shows boxplots (median, quartiles, minimum/maximum and outliers) for selected meristic and morphometric variables and ratios; asterisks mark comparisons between U. fivehy and U. finiavana that were significant in Mann-Whitney U tests (* P <0.05; ** P <0.01). No statistical comparisons were performed for U. fangorn due to low sample size (N = 3). For original values of measurements, see Table 1. The lower panel shows intact (not regenerated) tails of individuals of the three species, illustrating differences in size and shape between species and sexes (all tails from males except where indicated as females).
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