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10 results for “leaf stoichiometry”
Global leaf sulphur stoichiometry and the relationships with nitrogen and phosphorus: phylogeny, growth form and environmental controls
<p>Sulphur (S) is an essential bioelement with vital roles in serving regulatory and catalytic functions, and tightly coupled with N and P in plants. However, globally stoichiometric patterns of leaf S and its relationships to leaf N and P are less well studied. We compiled 31,939 records of leaf-based data for 2,600 plant species across 6,652 sites worldwide. All plant species were divided into different phylogenetic taxa and growth forms. Standard major axis analysis was employed to fit the bivariate element relationships. A phylogenetic linear mixed effect model and a multiple regression model were used to partition the variations of bioelements into phylogeny and environments, and then to estimate the importance of environmental variables. Global geometric mean leaf S, N and P concentrations were 1.44, 15.70 and 1.27 mg g-1, with significant differences among plant groups. Leaf S-N-P positively correlated to each other, ignoring plant groups. The scaling exponents of LN-LS, LP-LS and LN-LP were 0.64, 0.76 and 0.79 for all species, but differed among plant groups. Both phylogeny and environments regulated the bioelements. The variability, rather than mean temperature controlled the bioelements. Phylogeny explained more for the concentrations of all the three bioelements than environments, of which S was the one most affected by phylogenetic taxa.</p>
Widespread controls of leaf nutrient resorption by nutrient limitation and stoichiometry
<p>Leaf nutrient resorption is a key process in nutrient cycles, but fundamental knowledge regarding its control mechanisms remains limited. Among the three proposed basic control mechanisms on leaf nutrient resorption, namely nutrient concentration control, nutrient limitation control, and stoichiometry control, only the first has been demonstrated to exist globally, while the latter two have not been systematically evaluated.</p> <p>Here, we conducted a global data synthesis to explore nutrient limitation and stoichiometry control on leaf resorption of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, based on 3,395 data points from 109 peer-reviewed studies. </p> <p>Results showed that the nutrient limitation control existed globally, but was only applicable for the resorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The stoichiometry control existed globally for carbon and all studied nutrients, and coexisted with nutrient limitation control. Conifers' resorption relied primarily on stoichiometry control rather than nutrient limitation control. Nutrient limitation control was stronger in evergreen angiosperms than in deciduous angiosperms.</p> <p>Our findings support the ubiquity of both nutrient limitation and stoichiometry in controlling leaf resorption for multiple nutrients, such that these controls should be considered in Earth system models to better predict biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems.</p>
Higher phosphorus and water use efficiencies and leaf stoichiometry contribute to legume success in drylands
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Widespread controls of leaf nutrient resorption by nutrient limitation and stoichiometry
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Global leaf sulphur stoichiometry and the relationships with nitrogen and phosphorus: phylogeny, growth form and environmental controls
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Data from: Interspecific competition alters leaf stoichiometry in 20 grassland species
The extensive use of traits in ecological studies over the last few decades to predict community functions has revealed that plant traits are plastic and respond to various environmental factors. These plant traits are assumed to predict how plants compete and capture resources. Variation in stoichiometric ratios both within and across species reflects resource capture dynamics under competition. However, the impact of local plant diversity on species-specific stoichiometry remains poorly studied. Here, we analyze how spatial and temporal diversity in resource-acquisition traits affects leaf elemental stoichiometry of plants (i.e., the result of resource capture) and how flexible this stoichiometry is depending on the functional composition of the surrounding community. Therefore, we assessed inter- and intraspecific variations of leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) (and their ratios) of 20 grassland species in a large trait-based plant diversity experiment located in Jena (Germany) by measuring leaf elemental concentrations at the species-level along a gradient in plant trait dissimilarity. Our results show that plants showed large intra- and interspecific variation in leaf stoichiometry, which was only partly explained by the functional group identity (grass or herb) of the species. Elemental concentrations (N, P, but not C) decreased with plant species richness, and species tended to become more deviant from their monoculture stoichiometry with increasing trait dissimilarity in the community. These responses differed among species, some consistently increased or decreased in P and N concentrations; for other species, the negative or positive change in P and N concentrations increased with increasing trait difference between the target species and the remaining community. The strength of this relationship was significantly associated to the relative position of the species along trait gradients related to resource acquisition. Trait-difference and trait-diversity thus were important predictors of how species' resource capture changed in competitive neighbourhoods.
Global patterns in leaf stoichiometry across coastal wetlands
<p><b>Aim: </b>Coastal wetlands provide critical ecosystem functions and services, e.g. coastal protection, nutrient retention and C sequestration. Despite the important roles in global C, N and P cycling, the global variation in leaf stoichiometry across coastal wetlands remains unclear.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Global.</p> <p><b>Time period: </b>1980-2018.</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied: </b>Vascular plants.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>By compiling a global dataset of 698 data records in 205 sites, we systematically analysed the world-wide trends and their determinants in leaf element contents and ratios of plants across coastal wetlands.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Leaf N and P contents significantly increased, but C:N, C:P and N:P ratios decreased with increasing latitude in coastal wetlands. Mean annual temperature was the predominant driver of leaf N, P and C:N, while soil N:P was a good predict of leaf C:P and N:P ratios. Furthermore, N increased faster with P in plant leaves of coastal wetlands compared to terrestrial ecosystems. Within coastal wetlands, herb-dominated salt marshes had significantly higher leaf P content, lower leaf N:P ratio and lower scaling exponent of leaf N to P than tree-dominated mangroves.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions: </b>The similar latitudinal patterns of leaf stoichiometry in coastal wetlands as terrestrial ecosystems reflected the similar influences of temperature. However, different slopes of leaf P and N:P ratios and N and P scaling relationships between these two ecosystems suggested that different salinity and tidal inundation levels result in different N and P use strategies in coastal wetland plants. These differences in leaf stoichiometry between ecosystems and between different types of coastal wetlands may need to be emphasized in future biogeochemical modelling due to their different roles in global nutrient and carbon cycling.</p>
Effect of Water Level and Submergence Time on Leaf Growth, Stoichiometry and Homeostasis of Carex brevicuspis
<p>Water level and submergence time are important factors influencing plant growth and plant C:N:P characteristics in freshwater wetlands. However, the effect of their interaction on plant stoichiometry and homeostasis is far from clear. Here, we performed a controlled experiment using four water levels (0, 10, 20, and 40 cm, relative to the soil surface) and under three submergence times (30, 60, and 90 days) with the aim of investigating the changes in plant growth and stoichiometric characteristics, as well as the strength of N, P, and N:P homeostasis in <em>C. brevicuspis</em> in the Dongting Lake, China. Results showed that biomass, density, height, and total carbon (TC) decreased significantly with increasing water level; however, the latter total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) increased significantly. The highest TN and TP were at 40 cm water level, while the highest C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios were at 0 cm water level. Furthermore, significant stoichiometric homeostasis of <em>C. brevicuspis</em> was found for N (<em>H</em><sub>N</sub>) and P (<em>H</em><sub>P</sub>) except for N:P (<em>H</em><sub>N:P</sub>). <em>H</em><sub>N</sub> and <em>H</em><sub>P </sub>decreased with increasing submergence time, and<em> H</em><sub>N</sub> was consistently greater than <em>H</em><sub>P</sub>, indicating that <em>C. brevicuspis</em> had a weak ability to maintain its internal P balance under long-term submergence. Therefore, the impact of water level and submergence time on plant growth and stoichiometric characteristics in this study, are applicable to the conservation and management of the wetlands dominated with <em>C. brevicuspis</em>.</p>
Global patterns in leaf stoichiometry across coastal wetlands
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Data from: Interspecific competition alters leaf stoichiometry in 20 grassland species
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