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68 results for “leaf structure”
Regional and local variation in chemical, structural, and physical leaf traits for tree species in the northeastern United States, 2016-2023.
This dataset is a compilation of leaf trait measurements for 25 different Northern American tree species in the northeastern United States collected between 2016 and 2023 by the Terrestrial Ecosystems Analysis Lab at the University of New Hampshire. Currently, this dataset contains measurements for 2,006 samples across 18 chemical, physical, and structural traits. Measured traits include stable isotopes for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), chlorophyll estimates, leaf and petiole dimensions, and leaf and petiole water content. Traits have been measured at plots spanning a wide range of latitude, longitude, elevation, and forest types. A simple table containing these plot descriptions has been included. Additional leaf physiological and optical traits have been measured concurrently on many of these samples and have been or will be published separately. This is a continuous dataset that will be updated on an as needed basis.
Compiled database, code and raw data for the article "A Comprehensive Database of Leaf Temperature, Water, and CO2 Fluxes in Young Oil Palm Plants Across Diverse Climate Scenarios for the Evaluation of Functional-Structural Models"
<p>This dataset results from an experiment on young oil palm plants (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) in the Ecotron facility from CNRS in Montpellier. Four plants were put in a microcosm one by one with varying climatic conditions to investigate the effect of climate on leaf temperature, CO2, and H2O fluxes at the plant scale. The conditions were defined based on typical daily conditions from a location where it is grown (Libo, Indonesia), <em>i.e.</em>, a day with no rainfall and near-average air temperature and humidity. This base condition was then modified by adding more CO2 (400, 600 and 800ppm), less radiation (typical cloudy sky), and more or less temperature and vapour pressure deficit (± 30%).</p> <p>Find more details from the <code>README.md</code> file in the repository or from the associated <a href="https://github.com/PalmStudio/Biophysics_database_palm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Github repository</a>.</p>
Alaskan Peatland Experiment: Community structure and productivity data for 2007-2010 X - Leaf Area
This dataset contains surface area measurements for all vascular species present within a plot with an abundance greater than 5%. Surface area measurements at the fen include 2008-2010, while at the bog are for 2009-2010. Within the fen site a water table manipulation has been ongiong since 2005, with control, lowered and raised water table treatment plots. Samples at the bog were collected in a plot established within the lowland black spruce permafrost plateau (permafrost), and two plots established within collapse scars embedded within the plateau. One collapse scar formed ~ 45 years ago (old collapse) and the other formed ~ 25 years ago based upon aerial photography provided by the BCEF LTER. The data provided in this data set can be sorted by site and plot.
LPT01 Leaf physiological and structural traits of encroaching shrub species at Konza Prairie
A variety of leaf-level physiological and structural traits were collected on seven species of encroaching shrubs at Konza Prairie Biological Station during the summer of 2022. Shrub species spanned an order of magnitude in abundance. These data were used to assess if the most abundant encroaching species at Konza Prairie have common growth forms and physiology or unique traits that differentiate their carbon- and water-use strategies. Measurements included A-Ci response curves, light response curves, pressure-volume curves, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf carbon and nitrogen content, leaf 13C and wood density. All measurements were collected on the same shrub individuals.
Text-fig. 4. Monocots. a, b: Large monocot leaf part and counterpart, UAPC-ALTA S 17955A, B. a: Wide leaf showing entire margin at left. b: Counterpart showing dark wide midrib, and and secondaries parallel to one another, arising at low acute angle. c–e: Monocot leaf with parallel venation. c: Overview of elongate monocot leaf with parallel veins horizontal and linear to oval structures and smaller leaf fragment of same type lacking them (at lower right), UAPC-ALTA S 59491. d: Higher magnification of the smaller fragment with weak cross veins. e: Higher magnification of larger specimen with linear to oval structures between parallel veins. f, g: Monocot leaf with parallel venation. Fig. (f) shows higher magnification and (g) shows overview, BBM-PAL-P000009. Scale bars: a, b = 5 cm, c = 4 cm, d–f = 1 cm, g = 2 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance
Text-fig. 4. Monocots. a, b: Large monocot leaf part and counterpart, UAPC-ALTA S 17955A, B. a: Wide leaf showing entire margin at left. b: Counterpart showing dark wide midrib, and and secondaries parallel to one another, arising at low acute angle. c–e: Monocot leaf with parallel venation. c: Overview of elongate monocot leaf with parallel veins horizontal and linear to oval structures and smaller leaf fragment of same type lacking them (at lower right), UAPC-ALTA S 59491. d: Higher magnification of the smaller fragment with weak cross veins. e: Higher magnification of larger specimen with linear to oval structures between parallel veins. f, g: Monocot leaf with parallel venation. Fig. (f) shows higher magnification and (g) shows overview, BBM-PAL-P000009. Scale bars: a, b = 5 cm, c = 4 cm, d–f = 1 cm, g = 2 cm.
Fig. 3 in Taxonomical Structure And Biogeography Of Leaf-Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae S. L.) Of The Latvian Fauna
Fig. 3. Biogeographical structure of Latvian Chrysomelidae s. l.: COS – Cosmopolitan, HOR – Holarctic-Oriental, PAO – Palaearctic-Oriental, OLA – Holarctic, PAL – Palaearctic, ASE – Asiatic-European, SIE – Sibero-European, WPA – West-Palaearctic, CEM – Centralasiatic-EuropeoMediterranean, CAE – Centralasiatic-European, TEM – Turano-Europeo-Mediterranean, TUE – Turano-European, EUM – Europeo-Mediterranean, EUR – European, CEU – Centraleuropean, NEU – North-European, EEU – East-European.
Fig. 2 in Taxonomical Structure And Biogeography Of Leaf-Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae S. L.) Of The Latvian Fauna
Fig. 2. Range of genera in the subfamilies of Latvian Chrysomelidae s. l. * - genera which contain 1-3 genera each: Zeugophorinae, Lamprosomatinae, Synetinae, Orsodacninae, Donaciinae, Cassidinae and Eumolpinae.
Fig. 1 in Taxonomical Structure And Biogeography Of Leaf-Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae S. L.) Of The Latvian Fauna
Fig. 1. Number of species in the subfamilies of Latvian Chrysomelidae s. l. * - subfamilies which contain not more than 5 species each: Zeugophorinae, Orsodacninae, Lamprosomatinae, Eumolpinae and Synetinae.
Text-fig. 4. Platanaceae 1–3. Macginitiea gracilis (LESQUEREUX) J. WOLFE et WEHR leaves and associated reproductive structures 1. Holotype of Aralia gracilis LESQUEREUX from Bridger Pass, Wyoming, USNM 330. 2. Specimen showing the typical configuration of five lobes, Killpecker Creek flora, Wyoming. UF 18126-13242. 3. Silicified M. gracilis leaf from Almont, North Dakota; arrow indicates adjacent Macginicarpa infructescence, UF 15722-29202a. 4. Macginicarpa infructescence from Almont, UF15722-35493. 5. Platananthus sp., Almont, UF 15722-62019. 6. Macginicarpa glabra MANCHESTER infructescence, enlarged from fig. 3, UF 15722-29202b. Specimens in figs 3-6 collected and donated by John Curtis. Scales = 1 cm. Images 3–6 light-dark inverted. in Revisions To Roland Brown'S North American Paleocene Flora
Text-fig. 4. Platanaceae 1–3. Macginitiea gracilis (LESQUEREUX) J. WOLFE et WEHR leaves and associated reproductive structures 1. Holotype of Aralia gracilis LESQUEREUX from Bridger Pass, Wyoming, USNM 330. 2. Specimen showing the typical configuration of five lobes, Killpecker Creek flora, Wyoming. UF 18126-13242. 3. Silicified M. gracilis leaf from Almont, North Dakota; arrow indicates adjacent Macginicarpa infructescence, UF 15722-29202a. 4. Macginicarpa infructescence from Almont, UF15722-35493. 5. Platananthus sp., Almont, UF 15722-62019. 6. Macginicarpa glabra MANCHESTER infructescence, enlarged from fig. 3, UF 15722-29202b. Specimens in figs 3-6 collected and donated by John Curtis. Scales = 1 cm. Images 3–6 light-dark inverted.
Text-fig. 7. Cercidiphyllaceae 1–3. Trochodendroides genetrix (NEWBERRY) comb. nov. and associated reproductive structures (4, 5) from Killpecker Cr., Rock Springs, Wyoming (UF loc. 18126). 1. Twig with three attached leaves, showing variation in leaf shape and serration; composite figure assembled from images of both counterparts, UF 35427. 2. Complete leaf including petiole, UF 13243. 3. Same as 2, detail of venation. 4. Nyssidium arcticum (HEER) ILJINSKAYA fruits on an incomplete axis, UF 35454. 5. Dispersed winged seed, UF 35479. Scale = 3 cm in 1, 2; 1 cm in 3, 4; 0.5 cm in 5. in Revisions To Roland Brown'S North American Paleocene Flora
Text-fig. 7. Cercidiphyllaceae 1–3. Trochodendroides genetrix (NEWBERRY) comb. nov. and associated reproductive structures (4, 5) from Killpecker Cr., Rock Springs, Wyoming (UF loc. 18126). 1. Twig with three attached leaves, showing variation in leaf shape and serration; composite figure assembled from images of both counterparts, UF 35427. 2. Complete leaf including petiole, UF 13243. 3. Same as 2, detail of venation. 4. Nyssidium arcticum (HEER) ILJINSKAYA fruits on an incomplete axis, UF 35454. 5. Dispersed winged seed, UF 35479. Scale = 3 cm in 1, 2; 1 cm in 3, 4; 0.5 cm in 5.
Figure 1. A in Preliminary data on the age structure of Asaccus barani (Baran's leaf-toed gecko) from southeastern Anatolia, Turkey
Figure 1. A cross-section (17 µm thick) of the femur bone of a 5-year-old Asaccus barani individual (m.c. = marrow cavity, p. = periosteal bone). The 5 LAGs are indicated by black arrows. A double LAG is highlighted by red arrow.
Рис. 6–11. ГенитаΛьные структуры самцов роΔа Celypha. 6 – C. laminaria sp. n.; 7 – C. capreolana; 8 – C. rurestrana; 9 – C. anatoliana; 10 – C. confictana; 11 – C. striana. 6 – генитаΛии (Λевая ваΛьва не изображена); 7–11 – ваΛьвы. Масштабная Λинейка 1 мм. Figs 6–11. Male genital structure of the genus Celypha. 6 – C. laminaria sp. n.; 7 – C. capreolana; 8 – C. rurestrana; 9 – C. anatoliana; 10 – C. confictana; 11 – C. striana. 6 – genitalia (left valve is not shown); 7–11 – valves. Scale bar 1 mm. in Two new species of leaf-rollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from the East Caucasus
Рис. 6–11. ГенитаΛьные структуры самцов роΔа Celypha. 6 – C. laminaria sp. n.; 7 – C. capreolana; 8 – C. rurestrana; 9 – C. anatoliana; 10 – C. confictana; 11 – C. striana. 6 – генитаΛии (Λевая ваΛьва не изображена); 7–11 – ваΛьвы. Масштабная Λинейка 1 мм. Figs 6–11. Male genital structure of the genus Celypha. 6 – C. laminaria sp. n.; 7 – C. capreolana; 8 – C. rurestrana; 9 – C. anatoliana; 10 – C. confictana; 11 – C. striana. 6 – genitalia (left valve is not shown); 7–11 – valves. Scale bar 1 mm.
Structural defence is coupled with the leaf economic spectrum across saplings of spiny species
<p>Given that the rate of resource capture constrains plant growth and defence, understanding the linkage between the leaf economic spectrum (LES) and defence and how it contributes to growth is central to predicting species performance. In spite of the prevalence of spiny plants in many plant communities, little is known about how the LES relates to defence and growth rate across these species. We grew 42 spiny species, from diverse environments, under common garden conditions for 15 weeks and measured LES (leaf N, SLA and assimilation rate), defence and growth traits. We assessed general relationships between LES and growth rate and tested whether structural defences (spines, leaf fibre and lignin content) and quantitative chemical defences (condensed tannins) are linked to the LES and growth and if different spine types (i.e. leaf spines, stipular spines, prickles and thorns), with distinct anatomical origins, partition out across the LES. We observed two independent trait axes that together explained ~68% of trait variation across species. The first axis showed that structural defences (spines, leaf fibre and lignin content) trade off with leaf productivity along the LES. Axis 2 revealed that condensed tannins is orthogonal and less integrated with the LES-structural defence axis. Bivariate trait analyses disclosed positive covariations between LES traits and sapling growth rate. All structural defence traits were negatively related to sapling growth. Across spine types, species with leaf spines were associated with the conservative end of the LES, characterized by high structural defences and lower leaf productivity relative to other spine types. Our study shows that the LES and structural defences are coupled in spiny species such that constitutive growth – defence strategies range from fast-growing species with low allocation to defences to slow-growing species that invest heavily in structural defences (dominated by leaf spiny species).</p>
Life on a leaf: the development of spatial structure in epiphyll communities
<p>1. The spatial structure of biotic communities can be shaped by niche-based or stochastic processes, and the importance of both can change through time. Niche-based processes include neighbour interactions, which can change in intensity and quality as communities develop in dependence of environmental conditions. Epiphylls, miniature communities of liverworts, lichens, algae and fungi on leaves, develop only in relatively moist forests, but their leaf-surface habitat is still characterised by moisture stress, especially in more exposed parts of the forest. As neighbours may alleviate moisture stress, we expected that in forest gaps (dryer, brighter) epiphyll communities would show more positive neighbour interactions, resulting in more clustered spatial patterns, than in closed forest, in accordance with the stress-gradient hypothesis.</p> <p>2. To understand how the processes shaping epiphyll communities change through time and differ between gaps and closed forest, we examined the fine-scale spatial structure within and between epiphyll functional groups (algae, fungi, lichens, liverworts) during 12 months on 60 leaves across twelve sites in a tropical rainforest in Panama. We analysed changes in spatial positions and spatial associations within and between functional groups using spatial point pattern analysis based on repeated photography.</p> <p>3. Epiphyll densities increased through time for most epiphyll functional groups. However, although epiphyll groups changed their positions through time, the general types of spatial patterns remained similar for most groups: only lichen patterns shifted from mostly random to mostly aggregated through time. We found only random and aggregated spatial patterns within groups, while among groups we additionally found segregated spatial associations, but no consistent temporal trend. Patterns did not differ between gaps and closed forest, thus not supporting the stress-gradient hypothesis.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our results only weakly support the assumption that community-shaping processes change from neutral to niche-based as communities develop. We do provide empirical evidence that epiphyll communities are dynamic and exhibit different spatial association patterns within than among groups. This suggests different interactions and processes within than between groups. Experimental studies and monitoring of individual epiphyll patches are recommended to shed further light on what processes shape life on leaves.</p>
Data from: Structural and defensive roles of angiosperm leaf venation network reticulation across an Andes-Amazon elevation gradient
1.The network of minor veins of angiosperm leaves may include loops (reticulation). Variation in network architecture has been hypothesized to have hydraulic and also structural and defensive functions. 2.We measured venation network trait space in eight dimensions for 136 biomass-dominant angiosperm tree species along a 3,300 m elevation gradient in southeastern Peru. We then examined the relative importance of multiple ecological, and evolutionary predictors of reticulation. 3.Variation in minor venation network reticulation was constrained to three axes. These axes described branching vs. reconnecting veins, elongated vs. compact areoles, and high vs. low density veins. Variation in the first two axes was predicted by traits related to mechanical strength and secondary compounds, and in the third axis by site temperature. 4.Synthesis. Defensive and structural factors primarily explain variation in multiple axes of reticulation, with a smaller role for climate-linked hydraulic factors. These results suggest that venation network reticulation may be determined more by species interactions than by hydraulic functions.
Effects of long-term mowing on leaf- and root-associated bacterial community structures are linked to functional traits in 11 plant species from a temperate steppe
<ol> <li><span>Long-term mowing can cause morphological stuntedness of plants, thus reducing grassland productivity and exacerbating grassland degradation. Although plant microbiomes can enhance plant resistance against disturbance, considerable uncertainty exists regarding how mowing and mowing-induced plant trait plasticity affect plant microbiomes in natural grasslands. </span></li> <li><span>Here we examined the responses of leaf-/root-associated bacterial (LAB/RAB) communities of 11 dominant herbaceous perennials (6 replicates per species) to a 17-year mowing treatment in a temperate grassland. We also measured leaf/root physiological and morphological traits and analyzed the relationships among mowing practice, bacterial community structures, and leaf/root trait parameters. </span></li> <li><span>We found that both leaf and root functional traits showed interspecific variations (variations across different plant species), while only the leaf traits exhibited intraspecific variation (treatment-induced variations within plant species) between the treatments. Similarly, the LAB community structure was more sensitive to mowing but less influenced by host species identity, compared to the RAB community. The RAB community structure was primarily shaped by host species identity, while mowing was a secondary influencing factor. </span></li> <li> <span>The different patterns of LAB and RAB communities in response to mowing could be specifically explained by the inter-/intraspecific variations of the related leaf and root traits. The LAB community was strongly correlated with the leaf traits which exhibited mowing-induced plasticity (intraspecific variation), with the correlations with nitrogen resorption efficiency and aboveground dry weight being the greatest. The root traits were important indicators of bacterial community structure in the root compartment across the hosts, rather than between the treatments. Root tissue density</span> <span>showed the strongest interspecific variation, and was identified as an overwhelming driver of the RAB community. The shifts in LAB/RAB communities under mowing were largely attributed to the increased proportions of Actinobacteria. The high mowing sensitivity of the LAB community was associated with the enrichment of soil-derived Actinobacteria in leaves under mowing. Actinobacteria were also the main keystone taxa in the bacterial community networks under mowing.</span> </li> <li><span>Our results demonstrate that the magnitude of plant-associated microbial community response to long-term mowing is plant compartment- and trait-variation-dependent, and advance our understanding of the leaf/root microbiome-trait relationships in complex plant communities.</span></li> </ol>
Life on a leaf: the development of spatial structure in epiphyll communities
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Data from: Structural and defensive roles of angiosperm leaf venation network reticulation across an Andes-Amazon elevation gradient
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Effects of long-term mowing on leaf- and root-associated bacterial community structures are linked to functional traits in 11 plant species from a temperate steppe
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Structural defence is coupled with the leaf economic spectrum across saplings of spiny species
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Allen Brain Atlas
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