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Figure 4 in Nymphs of some Nearctic leafhoppers (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) with description of a new tribe
Figure 4. Characters used in the key. A general head structure (abbreviations: am acrometope el ecdysial line es epistomal suture f frons pc postclypeus ra remnants of anterior carina) B–C face B Koebelia grossa Ball C Diplocolenus abdominalis (F.) D–F apices of the hind tibiae and the first hind tarsomere D Koebelia californica Baker E Opsius pallasi Leth. F Deltocephalus pulicaris Fall. (arrow points to the anterior seta in distal pecten of hind tarsomere) G–H apex of male abdomen G Macrosteles laevis (Rib.) H Doratura stylata (Boh.).
Figure 3 in Nymphs of some Nearctic leafhoppers (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) with description of a new tribe
Figure 3. Nymphs of leafhoppers. A Dorydiella floridana Baker B same, face C same, head, lateral view D Pendarus magnus (Osborn & Ball) E same, face F Paraphlepsius sp. 1 G same, face H Paraphlepsius sp. 2 I same, face.
Fig. 3 in New Baltic amber leafhoppers representing the oldest Aphrodinae and Megophthalminae (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)
Fig. 3. Brevaphrodella nigra sp. nov. ♂. A. Body in dorsal view. B. Face. C. Pro- and mesothoracic legs in ventral view. D-E. Metathoracic leg. D. Apical portion of femur, tibia, and tarsomeres, dorsolateral view. E. First tarsomere, ventral view. F. Subgenital plates, and valve, ventral view. Scale bars: A-D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 2. A-F in New Baltic amber leafhoppers representing the oldest Aphrodinae and Megophthalminae (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)
Fig. 2. A-F. Eomegopthalmus lithuaniensis sp. nov. ♀. A. Crown, pronotum, and mesonotum, dorsal view. B. Face, anteroventral view. C. Right forewing, lateral view. D. Prothoracic leg, lateral view. E. Metathoracic leg, dorsal view. F. Second valvulae of ovipositor, general lateral view. G-I. Xestocephalites balticus sp. nov. ♂. G. Face. H. Apical portion of femur, tibia, and first tarsomere of metathoracic leg, lateral view. I. Subgenital plates, ventral view. Scale bars: A-H = 1 mm; I = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 1 in New Baltic amber leafhoppers representing the oldest Aphrodinae and Megophthalminae (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)
Fig. 1. Habitus in dorsal and ventral view. A-B. Eomegopthalmus lithuaniensis sp. nov. ♀. C-D. Xestocephalites balticus sp. nov. ♂. E-F. Brevaphrodella nigra sp. nov. ♂. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 21 in Revision of the endemic Malagasy leafhopper tribe Platyjassini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae)
Fig. 21. Males of Platyjassus stenospatulatus Evans, 1959, type species of Pallijassus gen. nov. – A–D. Holotype (MNHN(EH) 2359). A–B. Dorsal and lateral habitus. C. Anterior view of head and thorax. D. Specimen labels. – E–I. Male paratype (MNHN(EH) 2361). E. Base of abdomen, ventral view. F. Genital capsule, lateral view. G. Same, ventral view. H. Genitalia, ventral view. I. Same, lateral view.
Fig. 12 in Revision of the endemic Malagasy leafhopper tribe Platyjassini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae)
Fig. 12. Plerujassus gen. nov., Plexijassus gen. nov. and Pseudocurtara gen. nov. – A–C. Plerujassus appendiculatus (Evans, 1959). A. Genital capsule, lateral view. B. Genitalia, lateral view. C. Same, ventral view. – D–F. Plerujassus brunnescens sp. nov. D. Genital capsule, lateral view. E. Genitalia, lateral view. F. Same, ventral view. – G–I. Plexijassus caliginosus sp. nov. G. Genital capsule, lateral view. H. Genitalia, lateral view. I. Same, ventral view. – J–M. Pseudocurtara minima sp. nov. J. Genital capsule, lateral view. K. Genitalia, lateral view. L. Same, ventral view. M. Aedeagus, posterior view. – N–Q. Pseudocurtara nigripicta sp. nov. N. Genital capsule, lateral view. O. Genitalia, lateral view. P. Same, ventral view. Q. Aedeagus, posterior view. Photos not to scale.
Fig. 3 in Revision of the endemic Malagasy leafhopper tribe Platyjassini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae)
Fig. 3. Platyjassini, dorsal and lateral habitus of males. A. Plerujassus appendiculatus (Evans, 1959). B. Plerujassus brunnescens sp. nov. C. Plexijassus caliginosus sp. nov. D. Pseudocurtara minima sp. nov. E. Pseudocurtara nigripicta sp. nov. F. Pseudocurtara quadrata sp. nov. G. Pseudocyrta hyalina sp. nov. H. Pseudomarganana olivacea sp. nov. I. Pseudomarganana rosea sp. nov. J. Pulchrijassus anjozorobensis sp. nov. K. Pulchrijassus eunsunae sp. nov. L. Pulchrijassus pallescens sp. nov. M. Pulchrijassus roseus sp. nov. N. Pulchrijassus rubrilineatus sp. nov. O. Pulchrijassus sindhuae sp. nov. P. Pulchrijassus talatakelyensis sp. nov. Q. Pulchrijassus toamasinensis sp. nov. R. Punctijassus circularis sp. nov. S. Punctijassus compressus sp. nov. T. Punctijassus ivohibensis sp. nov. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 2 in Revision of the endemic Malagasy leafhopper tribe Platyjassini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae)
Fig. 2. Platyjassini, dorsal and lateral habitus of males. A. Platyjassula cyclura sp. nov. B. Platyjassula heterofurca sp. nov. C. Platyjassula isofurca sp. nov. D. Platyjassula mahajangensis sp. nov. E. Platyjassus acutus sp. nov. F. Platyjassus pennyi sp. nov. G. Platyjassus viridis Evans, 1953. H. Platyjassus asymmetricus sp. nov. I. Platyjassus fisheri sp. nov. J. Platyjassus griswoldi sp. nov. K. Platyjassus harinhalai sp. nov. L. Platyjassus irwini sp. nov. M. Platyjassus pedistylus sp. nov. N. Platyjassus pictipennis sp. nov. O. Platyjassus symmetricus sp. nov. P. Platyjassus vestigius sp. nov. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 11. Platyjassus viridis complex. – A–C in Revision of the endemic Malagasy leafhopper tribe Platyjassini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae)
Fig. 11. Platyjassus viridis complex. – A–C. Platyjassus acutus sp. nov. A. Style, broad aspect. B. Genitalia, lateral view. C. Same, ventral view. – D–F. Platyjassus pennyi sp. nov. D. Style, broad aspect. E. Genitalia, lateral view. F. Same, ventral view. – G–I. Platyjassus viridis Evans, 1959. G. Style, broad aspect. H. Genitalia, lateral view. I. Same, ventral view. Photos not to scale.
Fig. 4 in Revision of the endemic Malagasy leafhopper tribe Platyjassini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae)
Fig. 4. Pachyjassus gen. nov., Pallijassus gen. nov. and Petalojassus gen. nov. – A–C. Pachyjassus alatus sp. nov. A. Genital capsule, lateral view. B. Genitalia, lateral view. C. Same, ventral view. – D–F. Pachyjassus basifurcatus sp. nov. D. Genital capsule, lateral view. E. Genitalia, lateral view. F. Same, ventral view. – G–I. Pachyjassus ranomafanensis sp. nov. G. Genital capsule, lateral view. H. Genitalia, lateral view. I. Same, ventral view. – J–M. Pallijassus reticulatus (Evans, 1959). J. Genital capsule, lateral view. K. Genitalia, lateral view. L. Same, ventral view. M. Aedeagus, posterior view. – N–P. Pallijassus stenospatulatus (Evans, 1959). N. Genital capsule, lateral view. O. Genitalia, lateral view. P. Same, ventral view. – Q–T. Petalojassus ochrescens sp. nov. Q. Genital capsule, lateral view. R. Genitalia, lateral view. S. Same, ventral view. T. Aedeagus, posterior view. Photos not to scale.
FIGURES 10 – 27 in A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent
FIGURES 10 – 27. Species of Scaphoideus. 10 – 19. S. asymmetricus sp. nov. 10. Head and thorax; 11. Face; 12. Profile; 13. Male pygophore; 14. Subgenital plate; 15. Style; 16. connective and paraphyses, dorsal view; 17. Connective; 18. Aedeagus, lateral view; 19. Same caudal view. 20 – 27. S. bicoloratus sp. nov.: 20. front wing; 21. Male genital capsule; 22. Style; 23. Apophysis of style; 24. Connective and paraphyses; 25. Aedeagus, lateral view; 26. Same, caudal view; 27. Female ovipositor. Scale line indicates 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 46 – 63 in A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent
FIGURES 46 – 63. Species of Scaphoideus 46. S. consanguineus Distant, female seventh sternum of holotype female. 47 – 53. S. decoratus Rao and Emiliyamma: 47. Male pygophore; 48. subgenital plate; 49. Style; 50. Connective and paraphyses; 51. Same, lateral view; 52. Aedeagus and dorsal connective, lateral view; 53. Same, caudal view. 54 – 63. S. elegantulus Distant: 54. Head and thorax; 55. Same of darker form (S. nutans Distant); 56. Subgenital plate; 57. Style; 58. Apophysis of style; 59. Connective and paraphyses; 60. Same lateral view; 61. Apex of paraphyses; 62. Aedeagus, lateral and caudal view; 63. Male pygophore. Scale line indicates 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 1 – 9. Scaphoideus assamensis Distant 1 in A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent
FIGURES 1 – 9. Scaphoideus assamensis Distant 1. Head and thorax; 2. Male pygophore; 3. Subgenital plate; 4. Style; 5. Connective and paraphyses, dorsal view; 6 Paraphysis, lateral view; 7. Aedeagus lateral view; 8. Same, ventral view; 9. Seventh sternum of holotype female. Scale line indicates 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 28 – 45 in A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent
FIGURES 28 – 45. Species of Scaphoideus. 28 – 38. S. bifidus sp. nov. 28. Head and thorax; 29, Face; 30, Head and thorax, profile; 31. Male pygophore; 32. Subgenital plate; 33. Style; 34. Connective and paraphyses; 35. Same, lateral view; 36. Aedeagus and dorsal connective; 37. Same, caudal view; 38. Female seventh sternum. 39 – 45. S. coloratus Rao. 39. Male pygophore; 40. Subgenital plate; 41, Style; 42. Connective and paraphyses, lateral view; 43. Same, dorsal view; 44. Aedeagus and dorsal connective; 45. Same, caudal view. Scale line indicates 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Review of the Ulopella leafhopper genus group (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Ulopinae) with description of a new genus and species collected from pitfall traps in Zambia
FIGURE 5. Kivulopa hovana (holotype), external features and genitalia; a, dorsal habitus, Scale bar: 1 mm., b, lateral habitus, c, face, d, distal segment of right subgenital plate and fused basal segments of right and left subgenital plates together with dorsal plate of same (arrowed), ventral view, e, right subgenital plate (arrow indicates dorsal plate of basal segment), lateral view, f, style, g, aedeagus lateral view, h, aedeagus ventral view, i, connective ventral view, j, connective left lateral view. See Material and methods for details of imaged specimen.
FIGURE 2 in Review of the Ulopella leafhopper genus group (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Ulopinae) with description of a new genus and species collected from pitfall traps in Zambia
FIGURE 2. Kafulopa bicolor, external features and genitalia: a, face; b, right fore leg, lateral view; c, right fore tibia, in cross section near apex; d, right hind femur (apex to top); e, right hind leg, dorsal view; f, right hind leg, ventral view; g, right hind tibia, in cross section at midlength; h – j, male genital capsule, h, lateral view, i, dorsal view, j, ventral view (arrow indicates fused basal lobes of subgenital plates); k, aedeagus, lateral view; l, apex of aedeagus, ventral view; m, second valvulae lateral view; n, first valvulae, lateral view (Abbreviations: AD: anterior dorsal, AV: anterior ventral, PD: posterior dorsal, PV: posterior ventral).
FIGURE 1 in Review of the Ulopella leafhopper genus group (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Ulopinae) with description of a new genus and species collected from pitfall traps in Zambia
FIGURE 1. Kafulopa bicolor: a, dorsal habitus (holotype) scale bar 1 mm; b, lateral habitus (holotype); c, face (paratype), d, apex of female abdomen in ventral view (paratype).
FIGURES 15 – 18. D in Duocrassana longula, new genus and species of leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from southern Mexico and its relationship to other genera in Athysanini
FIGURES 15 – 18. D. longula gen. and sp. nov. 15. Male, dorsal view; 16. Female, dorsal habitus; 17 a. Female, face details (in INHS); 17 b. Female, face details (in CZUG); 18. Female, lateral habitus. Scale bar 1 mm.
Updated Supplementary Figures for Can leafhoppers help us trace the impact of climate change on agriculture?
<p>Supplementary Figures for: <strong>Can</strong> <strong>leafhoppers help us trace the impact of climate change on agriculture? </strong>to be posted in bioRxiv.</p><p><strong>Figure S1. </strong>Diversity indexes calculated in this study to compare leafhopper diversity each growing season investigated in this study and the geographic regions where the strawberry fields were located. Statistical analyses were performed for Shannon and Simpson finding that in both cases there is no interaction between years and regions with <i>p</i> = 0.0889 and <i>p</i> = 0.7139, respectively.</p><p><strong>Figure S2.</strong> Distinctive RFLP patterns obtained with <i>Cpn</i>ClassiPhyR from <i>in silico</i> digestion of <i>cpn60</i>UT from SbGPQ clones and AY-Col. Lanes labelled MW in <i>in silico</i> RFLP represent <i>Hae</i>III-digested phage <i>ϕ</i>X174 DNA.</p><p><strong>Figure S3.</strong> Phylogenetic tree using neighbour-joining method of the <i>16S, secY, nusA, rp, secA, cpn60 </i>and<i> tuf</i> sequences obtained in this study for the SbGP phytoplasma and sequences retrieved from Genbank. <i>Acholeplasma laidlawii</i> PG8 was used as an outgroup. The phylogenetic tree was bootstrapped 1000 times to achieve reliability. Bar, 1 substitution in 100 or 500 positions. </p><p><strong>Fig. S3 Panel 1: </strong>cpn60UT, tuf, and secY trees.</p><p><strong>Fig. S3 Panel 2:</strong> nusA, rp, and secA trees.</p><p><strong>Fig. S3 Panel 3:</strong> 16S tree with subtree showing heterogeneity of SbGPQ and 'Ca. P. tritici'.</p><p><strong>Figure S4.</strong> Leafhopper feeding-associated damages observed in strawberry plants. <strong>A</strong>, in the field. <strong>B</strong>, in the greenhouse after incubation with leafhoppers.</p><p><strong>Figure S5.</strong> Alpha diversity indexes were calculated to study <i>Macrosteles quadrilineatus</i> microbiome observed for each growing season. No statistical difference was observed among the sites for any of the indexes calculated.</p><p><strong>Figure S6.</strong> Effect of insecticides leafhopper population control. Only those with a number of applications higher or equal to five are presented. We did not find statistical differences among the treatments before and after the application of the insecticides with <i>p</i> = 0.8488.</p><p><strong>Figure S7.</strong> Effect of insecticides on <i>Macrosteles quadrilineatus</i> and <i>Empoasca fabae</i> population control. All insecticides (n = 12) are represented but the statistical analysis was only performed with those that the number of applications was higher than 5. We did not find statistical differences among the treatments before and after the application of the insecticides with <i>p</i> = 0.1781 for the aster leafhopper <i>M.</i> <i>quadrilineatus </i>and <i>p</i> = 0.6540 for the potato leafhopper <i>E. fabae</i>.</p><p><strong>Figure S8.</strong> Comparison among the Shannon index obtained for leafhopper populations in vineyards in 2007 and 2008 and for leafhopper populations in strawberry fields in 2021 and 2022 in Quebec.</p>
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