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9 results for “legged locomotion”
Kinematics of sea star legged locomotion
Sea stars have slower crawling and faster bouncing gaits. Both speed and oscillation amplitude increase during the transition from crawling to oscillating. In the bouncy gait, vertical velocities precede horizontal velocities by 98&[deg], as reflected by clockwise circular hodographs. Potential energy precedes horizontal energy by 16&[deg] and so are nearly in phase. These phase relationships resemble terrestrial running gaits, except that podia are always on the ground. Kinetic and potential energy scale as mass<sup>1.1</sup>, with the change in kinetic energy consistently two orders of magnitude less, indicating that efficient exchange is not feasible. Frequency of the bouncy gait scales with mass<sup>-0.14</sup>, which is similar to continuously running vertebrates and indicates that gravitational forces are important. This scaling differs from the Hill model, in which scaling of muscle forces determine frequency. We propose a simple torque stabilized inverted pendulum (TS-IP) model to conceptualize the dynamics of this gait. The TS-IP model incorporates mathematics equivalent to an angular spring, but implemented by a nearly constant upward force generated by the podia in each step. That upward force is just larger than the force required to sustain the underwater weight of the sea star. Even though the bouncy gait is the rapid gait for these sea stars, the pace of movement is still very slow. In fact, the observed Froude numbers (10<sup>-2</sup> to 10<sup>-3</sup>) are much lower than those typical of vertebrate locomotion and are as low or lower than those reported for slow walking fruit flies, which are the lowest values for pedestrian Froude numbers of which we are aware. --
Leg length and bristle density both necessary for water surface locomotion are genetically correlated in water striders
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Access to hitherto unexploited ecological opportunities is associated with phenotypic evolution and often results in significant lineage diversification. Yet, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying such adaptive traits remains limited. Water striders have been able to exploit the water-air interface, primarily facilitated by changes in the density of hydrophobic bristles and a significant increase in leg length. These two traits are functionally correlated and are both necessary for generating efficient locomotion on the water surface. Whether bristle density and leg length have any cellular or developmental genetic mechanisms in common is unknown. Here, we combine comparative genomics and transcriptomics with functional RNAi assays to examine the developmental genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying the patterning of the bristles and the legs in <em>Gerris buenoi</em> and <em>Mesovelia mulsanti,</em> two species of water striders. We found that two gene duplication events in the genes <em>beadex </em>and <em>taxi </em>led to a functional expansion of the paralogs to affect bristle density and leg length. We also identified genes for which no function in bristle development has been previously described in other insects. Interestingly, most of these genes play a dual role in regulating bristle development and leg length. In addition, these genes play a role in regulating cell division. This result suggests that cell division may be a common mechanism through which these genes can simultaneously regulate leg length and bristle density. We propose that pleiotropy, by which gene function affects the development of multiple traits, may play a prominent role in facilitating access to unexploited ecological opportunities and species diversification.</span></p> <p> </p>
Kinematics of sea star legged locomotion
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Leg length and bristle density both necessary for water surface locomotion are genetically correlated in water striders
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Knockout of Hsp70 genes significantly affects locomotion speed and gene expression in leg skeletal muscles of Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Supplemental data for a study <strong>Knockout of </strong><em><strong>Hsp70 </strong></em><strong>genes significantly affects locomotion speed and gene expression in leg skeletal muscles of </strong><em><strong>Drosophila melanogaster </strong></em>(Physiol Genomics 56: 567–575, 2024.<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00143.2023">https://doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00143.2023</a> )</p>
Controlling Locomotion Over Continuously Varying Activities for Agile Powered Prosthetic Legs
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06138977. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: How to find home backwards? Locomotion and inter-leg coordination during rearward walking of Cataglyphis fortis desert ants
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Data from: Trunk orientation causes asymmetries in leg function in small bird terrestrial locomotion
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Knockout of Hsp70 genes significantly affects locomotion speed and gene expression in leg skeletal muscles of Drosophila melanogaster
GEO Series GSE239395. Drosophila melanogaster. 40 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.