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63 results for “lek”
CPC01 Annual census of Greater Prairie Chickens on leks at Konza Prairie
Location of leks and number of birds per lek are censused during late April and early May across Konza Prairie to document year to year densities of greater prairie chickens. This dataset is continued by CPC02 after 04/19/1999.
CPC02 Census of greater prairie chicken on leks at Konza Prairie
Location of leks and number of birds per lek are censused during late April and early May across Konza Prairie to document year to year densities of greater prairie chickens.
Perceived increases of fish species in the Mediterranean sea: data from a joint LEK initiative.
<p>The dataset was collected with the the Mediterranean LEK initiative. The initiative was initially conceived by the international basin-wide monitoring program <em>CIESM Tropical Signals</em> (funded by the Albert II of Monaco Foundation) and subsequently adopted by the projects BALMAS (Ballast Water Management System for Adriatic Sea Protection, IPA Adriatic Cross-Border Cooperation Programme; <em>FAO-AdriaMed</em> and <em>FAO-MedSudMed</em>. This action was recently supported by the Interreg Med Programme (Grant number Pr MPA-Adapt 1MED15_3.2_M2_337) 85% co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund, which implemented the use of standard LEK protocols for Marine Protected areas and partially supported the writing of this publication.</p> <p>Data refers to self-reported trends of various fish species, which were regarded as increaseing by a sample of fishermen from various Mediterranean countries. Interviews were elicited from fishermen through semi-structured protocols (see Azzurro et al., 2011).</p>
The adaptive significance of off-lek sociality in birds: A synthetic review, with evidence for the reproductive benefits hypothesis in Long-wattled umbrellabirds
<p>Anecdotal evidence suggests that lekking birds exhibit considerable variation in form and degree of sociality away from the lek, yet this phenomenon has received very little theoretical or empirical research attention. Here, we provide the first synthetic literature review of off-lek sociality in birds and develop a conceptual framework for the potential adaptive function of off-lek sociality across lekking taxa. We then present a case study of the Long-wattled Umbrellabird (<em>Cephalopterus penduliger</em>), where we find support for the hypothesis that off-lek sociality is primarily driven by male reproductive incentives for coordinating lek attendance during the breeding season. During periods of high lekking activity, male umbrellabirds depart the lek in highly coordinated groups and maintain larger off-lek social groups relative to periods of low lekking activity. These seasonal differences in off-lek sociality do not occur in females, are not explained by patterns of foraging behavior, and are expected to confer individual-level benefits for participating males. Both the literature review and empirical study of umbrellabirds suggest that off-lek interactions and behavioral strategies may shape sexual selection processes at leks in important ways. Further research into this historically understudied area of lekking species' behavioral ecology will likely deepen our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of lek mating.</p>
Data from: Lek habitat selection by sympatric manakin species in Northwestern Ecuador
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Female audience shapes the complexity and syntax of male courtship displays in a lek-mating bird
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Data from: Fruit resources shape sexual selection processes in a lek mating system
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Data from: The performance of drones and artificial intelligence for monitoring sage-grouse at leks
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The adaptive significance of off-lek sociality in birds: A synthetic review, with evidence for the reproductive benefits hypothesis in Long-wattled umbrellabirds
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Data from: Hidden leks in a migratory songbird: mating advantages for earlier and more attractive males
In some socially monogamous birds, territories sometimes occur in aggregations. The "hidden lek" hypothesis suggests that territorial aggregations might be explained by males establishing territories near successful males ("hotshot" model), or by females preferring to mate in large clusters ("female preference" model). In both scenarios, clusters would provide more opportunities for finding mates and achieving extra-pair copulations. Our study tests predictions of these two models in the blue-black grassquit (Volatinia jacarina). Males of this species migrate to their breeding grounds, establish territories within clusters and initiate courtship displays. These displays consist of vertical leaps synchronized with vocalizations, or only the latter, without leaps. The "hotshot" model predicts that: 1) earlier-arriving males would establish territories more centrally within clusters; 2) earlier or centrally positioned males would produce more elaborate displays; and 3) these same males would achieve higher success via within and extrapair fertilizations. The "female preference" model predicts that: 4) pairing success and 5) per-capita extrapair fertilizations would increase with cluster size. We found that earlier-arriving males executed higher leaps and longer songs, but there was no relationship between these traits and male position within clusters. We also found earlier-arriving males were more likely to obtain extrapair fertilizations. However, we found little evidence that cluster size related to overall or per-capita breeding success. Considered together, our data provide partial validation of the hotshot model of hidden leks, and expand on prior findings in this species by showing that females benefit by choosing males leaping higher and settling earlier in clusters.
Data for: Preening correlates with lower feather bacteria abundance but not feather coloration in a lek-breeding bird
<p>Feathers are structures unique to birds that serve important functions such as flight, thermoregulation, and communication. Bacteria that live on the feathers, particularly ones that can break down keratin, have the potential to damage feathers and disrupt their use in communication. We predicted that birds could behaviorally manage their feather bacterial abundances by preening their feathers. We also predicted that individuals with lower feather bacterial abundances would have brighter and more colorful feathers. To test these predictions, we measured the amount of time individuals in a colony of captive Indian peafowl (<em>Pavo cristatus</em>) spent preening their feathers. We also collected feathers to determine bacteria abundance on the feather surface and to measure feather coloration. We found that birds had lower feather bacteria levels when they spent more time preening their own feathers, but only in female birds. We also found that bacteria abundances were not correlated with any feather color variables we measured. These results suggest that birds can manage feather bacterial abundances by preening but feather bacteria may not influence feather coloration in this species.</p>
Data for: Preening correlates with lower feather bacteria abundance but not feather coloration in a lek-breeding bird
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Data from: Hidden leks in a migratory songbird: mating advantages for earlier and more attractive males
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Landscape features and seasonal habitat predicts lek-site selection and lek size of a <em>Tympanuchus</em> grouse
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Data from: Patterns in lek persistence and attendance by lesser prairie chicken <em>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</em> near a wind energy facility in southern Kansas
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Habitat selection of foraging male Great Snipes on floodplain meadows: importance of proximity to the lek, vegetation cover and bare ground
<p>Drainage of wetlands and agricultural intensification has resulted in serious biodiversity loss in Europe, not least in grasslands. Consequently, many meadow birds have drastically declined, and the habitats they select for breeding currently rely on land management. However, the selection of habitats maintained by agriculture may contribute to reduced fitness and thus remain maladaptive for individuals, which makes conservation challenging. An understanding of the relationships between species' habitat selection, food supply and land management in the context of species' behaviour is therefore crucial for conservation. Lowland populations of Great Snipe Gallinago media are currently declining at a moderate rate, causing a conservation concern. We examined the daytime site selection (assumed as foraging sites) and food supply of radiotracked Great Snipe males breeding on a floodplain in NE Poland. Foraging sites were classified at micro- and macro-scale levels using the logistic regression in a use–availability design. On the microscale level, males selected moderate sward height and density, and a large amount of bare ground patches, and the importance of these increased as the breeding season progressed. On the macro-scale level, these conditions were associated with (1) meadows mown twice per season and grazed thereafter (associated with the most abundant food resources – earthworms) and (2) extensively managed pastures, suggesting the importance of grazing. Abandoned or late-mown meadows under agri-environmental schemes (AES) were avoided by foraging males. However, parcels with delayed mowing offer safe breeding sites for females nesting close to leks, unlike land-use types preferred by foraging males, which may act as an ecological trap. Effective conservation of Great Snipes on floodplain meadows requires precisely targeted AES schemes that will provide a mosaic of intensive and extensive land-use patches in the vicinity of identified leks.</p>
Data from: Fine scale genetic structure among greater sage-grouse leks in central Nevada
Background: Mating systems that reduce dispersal and lead to non-random mating might increase the potential for genetic structure to arise at fine geographic scales. Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have a lek-based mating system and exhibit high site fidelity and skewed mating ratios. We quantified population structure by analyzing variation at 27,866 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 140 males from ten leks (within five lek complexes) occurring in a small geographic region in central Nevada. Results: Lek complexes, and to a lesser extent individual leks, formed statistically identifiable clusters in ordination analyses, providing evidence for fine-scale geographic genetic differentiation. Lek geography predicted genetic differentiation even at a small geographic scale, which could be sharpened by strong site fidelity. Relatedness was also higher among individuals within lek complexes (and leks), suggesting that reproductive skew, where few males participate in most of the successful matings, could also potentially contribute to genetic differentiation. Models incorporating a habitat resistance surface as a proxy for potentially reduced movement due to landscape features indicated that both geographic distance and habitat suitability (i.e. preferred habitat) predicted genetic structure, with no significant effect of man-made barriers to movement (i.e. power lines and roads). Finally, we illustrate how data sets containing fewer loci (<4000) had less statistical precision and failed to detect the full degree of genetic structure. Conclusion: Our results suggest that habitat features and lek site geography of sage-grouse shape fine scale genetic structure, and highlight how larger data sets can have increased precision and accuracy for quantifying ecologically relevant genetic structure over small geographic scales.
Data from: Overexpression of an antioxidant enzyme improves male mating performance after stress in a lek-mating fruit fly
In many species, courtship displays are reliable signals of male quality, and current hypotheses suggest that mitochondrial function is a key mechanism underlying these condition-dependent traits. Environmental stressors generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that impair mitochondrial function, and thus antioxidant pathways that remove ROS are likely critical for preserving complex sexual behaviors. Here, we test the hypothesis that enhanced antioxidant activity in mitochondria preserves mating performance following oxidative stress. Using a transgenic approach, we directly manipulated mitochondrial antioxidant activity in the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa, a lek-mating species with elaborate sexual displays and intense sexual selection that is also a model for Sterile Insect Technique programs. We generated seven transgenic lines that overexpress mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Radiation is a severe oxidative stressor used commonly to induce sterility for sterile insect programs. After radiation treatment, two lines with intermediate MnSOD overexpression showed enhanced mating performance relative to wild-type males. These improvements in mating corresponded with reduced oxidative damage to lipids, demonstrating that MnSOD overexpression protects flies from oxidative stress at the cellular level. For lines with improved mating performance, overexpression also preserved locomotor activity, as indicated by a laboratory climbing assay. Our results show a clear link between oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and male performance. Our work has implications both for fundamentally understanding the role of mitochondrial antioxidants in sexual selection and shows promise for using transgenic approaches to enhance the field performance of insects released for area-wide pest management strategies and improving performance of biological control agents in general.
Data from: Kin selection may contribute to lek evolution and trait introgression across an avian hybrid zone
Understanding the mechanism(s) that favor cooperation among individuals competing for the same resources provides direct insights into the evolution of grouping behaviour. In a hybrid zone between golden/yellow-collared (Manacus vitellinus) and white-collared (M. candei) manakins, males form aggregations composed of white and yellow males solely to attract females ("mixed leks"). Previous work shows that yellow males in these mixed leks experience a clear mating advantage over white males, resulting in the preferential introgression of yellow plumage allele(s) into the white species. However, the yellow male mating advantage only occurs in mixed leks with high frequency of yellow males and only a few of these males likely mate. Hence, it remains unclear why unsuccessful males join leks. Here, we used microsatellite markers to estimate pair-wise relatedness among males within and between leks to test if indirect genetic benefits of helping kin ("kin selection") can promote grouping. We found that yellow males are significantly more related to each other within than between leks, while relatedness among white males did not differ within and between leks. This suggests that yellow males may indirectly enhance their own reproductive success by preferentially lekking with relatives because yellow plumage is under positive frequency dependent selection. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that kin selection may promote grouping and facilitate positive frequency dependent selection for yellow males, mediating the movement of yellow plumage across this hybrid zone.
Data from: Competition decreases with relatedness and lek size in mole crickets: a role for kin selection?
Twenty years ago, Kokko & Lindstrom (1996) introduced the hypothesis that kin selection may drive the evolution of leks, shifting the lek-paradigm away from a competitive framework and spurring research on the relatedness of males on leks. However, support for Kokko & Lindstrom's kin selection hypothesis has been sparse; most studies have shown related males to occur on leks no more than expected by chance. Additionally, evidence supporting the proposed mechanism is mixed; by joining a lek males do not always increase the female visitation rate on a per-capita basis. The prairie mole cricket Gryllotalpa major is a lekking cricket in which male relatives advertise in close proximity. We reject the Kokko-Lindstrom hypothesis for this species because G. major females do not preferentially visit larger leks. Interestingly, more females visited smaller leks, where the presence of larger, more highly related males suggest reduced levels of local competition. Although the mechanism continues to be explored, these results provide an alternative inclusive fitness scenario to consider for lekking species – the existence of kin benefits between related neighbors rather than spread across the lek as a whole.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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