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130 results for “liana”
Trellis-forming stems of a tropical liana Condylocarpon guianense (Apocynaceae): a plant-made safety net constructed by simple "start-stop" development
<p>Data supporting article describing mechanical and structural organisation of a climin g plant trellis system sin the tropical rainforest of French Guiana</p> <p>Tropical vines and lianas have evolved mechanisms to avoid mechanical damage during their climbing life histories. We explore the mechanical properties and stem development of a tropical climber that develops trellises in tropical rain forest canopies. We measured the young stems of <em>Condylocarpon guianensis</em> (Apocynaceae) that construct complex trellises via self-supporting shoots, attached stems and unattached pendulous stems. The results suggest that in this species there is a size (stem diameter) and developmental threshold at which plant shoots will make the developmental transition from stiff young shoots to later flexible stem properties. Shoots that do not find a support remain stiff, becoming pendulous and retaining numerous leaves. The formation of a second TYPE II (lianoid) wood is triggered by attachment, guaranteeing increased flexibility of light-structured shoots that transition from self-supporting searchers to inter-connected net-like trellis components. The results suggest that this species shows a “hard-wired” development that limits self-supporting growth among the slender stems that make up a liana trellis. The strategy is linked to a stem-twining climbing mode and promotes a rapid transition to flexible trellis elements in cluttered densely branched tropical forest habitats. These are situations that are prone to mechanical perturbation via wind action, tree falls and branch movements. The findings suggest that some twining lianas are mechanically fine-tuned to produce trellises in specific habitats. Trellis building is carried out by young shoots that can perform very different functions via subtle development changes in order to ensure a safe space occupation of the liana canopy.</p>
Luquillo Forest Dynamics Plot (LFDP) Liana Data
Liana demographic data from the 16-Ha Big Grid (LFDP) over time: These data contain liana and tree data for two demographic censuses (summer 2001 and summer 2015) from 20 randomly selected quadrats within the LFDP (10 in the northern LFDP -cover classes 1-3 sensu Thompson et al. 2002) and 10 in the southern LFDP (cover class 4 sensu Thompson et al. 2002). Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Extracted raw data from: Global dominance of lianas over trees is driven by forest disturbance, climate, and topography
<p>In a meta-analysis, we use an unprecedented dataset, representing 556 unique locations worldwide, distributed across 44 countries and six continents to show for the first time that lianas (woody vines) thrive relatively better than trees when forests are disturbed, temperature increase, precipitation decrease, and particularly in tropical lowlands. We demonstrate that liana dominance can persist for decades post-disturbance and hinder the recovery of disturbed forests, especially when climate favours lianas. With implications for the global carbon sink, our findings suggest that degraded tropical forests with environmental conditions favouring lianas should be the highest priority to consider for restoration management.</p>
Data from: Lianas decelerate tropical forest thinning during succession
<p>The well-established pattern of forest thinning during succession predicts an<br> increase in mean tree biomass with decreasing tree density. The forest thinning<br> pattern is commonly assumed to be driven solely by tree-tree competition. The<br> presence of non-tree competitors could alter thinning trajectories, thus<br> altering the rate of forest succession and carbon uptake. We used a large-scale<br> liana removal experiment over 7 years in a 60-to-70-year-old Panamanian forest<br> to test the hypothesis that lianas reduce the rate of forest thinning during<br> succession. We found that lianas slowed forest thinning by reducing tree growth,<br> not by altering tree recruitment or mortality. Without lianas, trees grew and<br> presumably competed more, ultimately reducing tree density while increasing mean<br> tree biomass. Our findings challenge the assumption that forest thinning is<br> driven solely by tree-tree interactions; instead, they demonstrate that<br> competition from other growth forms, such as lianas, slow forest thinning and<br> ultimately delay forest succession.<br> </p>
Data from: Vegetative phenologies of lianas and trees in two Neotropical forests with contrasting rainfall regimes
<ol> <li>Among tropical forests, lianas are predicted to have a growth advantage over trees during seasonal drought, with substantial implications for tree and forest dynamics. We tested the hypotheses that lianas maintain higher water status than trees during seasonal drought and that lianas maximize leaf cover to match high, dry-season light conditions while trees are more limited by moisture availability during the dry season.</li> <li>We monitored the seasonal dynamics of predawn and midday leaf water potentials and leaf phenology for branches of 16 liana and 16 tree species in the canopy of two lowland tropical forests with contrasting rainfall regimes in Panama.</li> <li>In a wet, weakly seasonal forest, lianas maintained higher water balance than trees and maximized their leaf cover during dry-season conditions, when light availability was high, while trees experienced drought stress. In a drier, strongly seasonal forest, lianas and trees displayed similar dry season reductions in leaf cover following strong decreases in soil water availability.</li> <li>Greater soil moisture availability and a higher capacity to maintain water status allow lianas to maintain the turgor potentials critical for plant growth in a wet and weakly seasonal forest but not in a dry and strongly seasonal forest.</li> </ol>
Fig. 2 in Rhaphiostylis minima Jongkind (Icacinaceae), a new liana species from Ivory Coast & Liberia
Fig. 2. Rhaphiostylis preussii Engl. showing flowers with the flattened filaments closing around the ovary while the petals are bending down. Photograph by Ehoarn Bidault (Missouri Botanical Garden) from Bidault 786 (MO) from Gabon.
Fig. 1. A–C. Rhaphiostylis elegans Engl. A. Flower B. Flower without petals and stamens. C. Leaf. D–G in Rhaphiostylis minima Jongkind (Icacinaceae), a new liana species from Ivory Coast & Liberia
Fig. 1. A–C. Rhaphiostylis elegans Engl. A. Flower B. Flower without petals and stamens. C. Leaf. D–G. Rhaphiostylis minima sp. nov. D. Branch with flowers. E. Flower. F. Flower without petals and stamens. G. Leaf. H–M. Rhaphiostylis preussii Engl. H. Flower. I. Flower without petals and stamens. J. Leaf. K. Flower. L. Flower without petals and stamens. M. Leaf. All flowers are on the same scale (scale bar with B) and all single leaves too (scale bar with G). A–C from Tchouto & Elad 3310 (WAG), D–G from W.de Wilde 1061 (WAG), H–J from Beentje 1353 B from Ivory Coast (WAG), K–M from Breteler 14204 from Gabon (WAG). Drawn by Hans de Vries.
Fig. 4 in Novitates Gabonenses 92: Combretum rupestre (Combretaceae), a new liana species from Mount Ngouadi in Gabon
Fig. 4. – Combretum rupestre Jongkind & Texier. A. Flowering branch; B. Detail from leaf from below showing the domatia; C. Part of inflorescence with open flowers; D. Top of inflorescence with flower buds and bracts; E. Flower, side view; F. Flower, top view; G. Flower, length section. [Texier et al. 622, MO] [Drawing: H. de Vries]
Fig. 2 in Novitates Gabonenses 92: Combretum rupestre (Combretaceae), a new liana species from Mount Ngouadi in Gabon
Fig. 2. − Combretum rupestre Jongkind & Texier. A. Leaves from above; B. Leaves from below; C. Inflorescence. [Texier et al. 622] [Photos: N. Texier]
Fig. 3 in Novitates Gabonenses 92: Combretum rupestre (Combretaceae), a new liana species from Mount Ngouadi in Gabon
Fig. 3. – Map of Gabon with the location of Combretum rupestre Jongkind & Texier (white circle), also showing the National Parks (hatched areas), main roads and towns, with shading representing elevation by steps of 500 m.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Lianas of the Guianas (Part Suriname).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Lianas of the Guianas (Part Suriname)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/db81038b-c938-4b9a-8b30-4242ece71aad">https://bionomia.net/dataset/db81038b-c938-4b9a-8b30-4242ece71aad</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/db81038b-c938-4b9a-8b30-4242ece71aad">https://gbif.org/dataset/db81038b-c938-4b9a-8b30-4242ece71aad</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Comparative transcriptomics of tropical woody plants supports fast and furious strategy along the leaf economics spectrum in lianas
<p>Lianas, climbing woody plants, influence the structure and function of tropical forests. Climbing traits have evolved multiple times, including ancestral groups such as gymnosperms and pteridophytes, but the genetic basis of the liana strategy is largely unknown. Here, we use a comparative transcriptomic approach for 47 tropical plant species, including ten lianas of diverse taxonomic origins, to identify genes that are consistently expressed or downregulated only in lianas. Our comparative analysis of full-length transcripts enabled the identification of a core interactomic network common to lianas. Sets of transcripts identified from our analysis reveal features related to functional traits pertinent to leaf economics spectrum in lianas, including upregulation of genes controlling epidermal cuticular properties, cell wall remodeling, carbon concentrating mechanism, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and a large suit of downregulated transcription factors and enzymes involved in ABA-mediated stress response as well as lignin and suberin synthesis. Altogether, these genes are known to be significant in shaping plant morphologies through responses such as gravitropism, phyllotaxy and shade avoidance.</p>
Lianas have more acquisitive traits than trees in a dry but not in a wet forest
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Comparative transcriptomics of tropical woody plants supports fast and furious strategy along the leaf economics spectrum in lianas
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Liana species of the Barro Colorado Island 50-ha plot 2007 and 2017 censuses
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Effects of climate, soil, topography, and disturbance on liana prevalence
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Data from: When can we detect lianas from space? Towards a mechanistic understanding of liana-infested forest optics
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Fig. 4 in Rhaphiostylis minima Jongkind (Icacinaceae), a new liana species from Ivory Coast & Liberia
Fig. 4. Distribution map of Rhaphiosylis minima sp. nov.
Lianas explore the forest canopy more effectively than trees under drier conditions
<p>Lianas rely on trees for support and access to high light positions in the forest canopy, but the implications for how lianas explore the canopy compared to trees remain understudied. We present an in situ forest canopy study to test the hypotheses that: (1) lianas favour leaf display over stem investment compared to trees and (2) lianas have greater potential to colonize non-shaded, high-light areas effectively than trees.</p> <p>We compared branches of 16 liana species with those of 16 sympatric tree species in two lowland tropical forest canopies in Panama using 40-50 m tall canopy cranes. One forest was relatively dry and seasonal in rainfall and in associated light availability. The other forest was relatively wet and evergreen.</p> <p>We observed that lianas were more efficient in leaf display over stem investment than trees, particularly in the forest with lower precipitation and stronger seasonality. Specifically, lianas had a lower LMA (leaf mass per unit leaf area), stronger apical dominance, higher stem slenderness and fewer leaf layers than trees. In the forest with higher precipitation and weaker seasonality, lianas also had stronger apical control and fewer leaf layers than trees, but both lianas and trees were relatively similar in LMA and stem slenderness.</p> <p>Our study shows that lianas more effectively explore the canopy than trees under drier conditions, but much less so under wetter conditions. We argue that lianas display a functional strategy that allow them to better intercept light than the tree species in forests with low precipitation and strong seasonality, while they are constrained to display such strategy at high precipitation – light-limited – sites.</p>
Data from: Canopy height explains species richness in the largest clade of Neotropical lianas
Aim: Tall and structurally complex forests can provide ample habitat and niche space for climbing plants, supporting high liana species richness. We test to what extent canopy height (as proxy of 3D habitat structure), climate and soil interact to determine species richness in the largest clade of Neotropical lianas. We expect that the effect of canopy height on species richness is higher for lianas from closed tropical rainforests compared to riparian and savanna habitats. Location: Neotropics Time period: PresentMajor taxa studied: Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) Methods: We used structural equation models to evaluate direct and indirect effects of canopy height, climate (temperature, precipitation and precipitation seasonality), and soil (cation exchange capacity and soil types) on overall Bignonieae species richness (339 liana species), as well as on species richness of lianas from forest, riparian and savanna habitats, respectively. We further performed multiple regression models with Moran's eigenvector maps to account for spatial autocorrelation. Results: Canopy height was a key driver of liana species richness, in addition to climate and soil. Species richness of forest lianas showed a strong positive relationship with canopy height whereas the relationship was less pronounced for riparian species. Richness of savanna species decreased with increasing canopy height. Climate also explained a substantial proportion of variation in liana species richness whereas soil variables showed little explanatory power.Main conclusions: The relationship between canopy height and liana species richness differs among habitats. While forest and riparian lianas benefit from tall and complex habitats that provide physical support to reach the canopy to escape low light availability in the understory, a high light availability in open habitats and an increased risk of embolism of conductive vessels for lianas with long stems living in areas with high seasonality might explain the inverse relationship between species richness and canopy height in savannas.
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