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29 results for “liana species”
Fig. 2 in Rhaphiostylis minima Jongkind (Icacinaceae), a new liana species from Ivory Coast & Liberia
Fig. 2. Rhaphiostylis preussii Engl. showing flowers with the flattened filaments closing around the ovary while the petals are bending down. Photograph by Ehoarn Bidault (Missouri Botanical Garden) from Bidault 786 (MO) from Gabon.
Fig. 1. A–C. Rhaphiostylis elegans Engl. A. Flower B. Flower without petals and stamens. C. Leaf. D–G in Rhaphiostylis minima Jongkind (Icacinaceae), a new liana species from Ivory Coast & Liberia
Fig. 1. A–C. Rhaphiostylis elegans Engl. A. Flower B. Flower without petals and stamens. C. Leaf. D–G. Rhaphiostylis minima sp. nov. D. Branch with flowers. E. Flower. F. Flower without petals and stamens. G. Leaf. H–M. Rhaphiostylis preussii Engl. H. Flower. I. Flower without petals and stamens. J. Leaf. K. Flower. L. Flower without petals and stamens. M. Leaf. All flowers are on the same scale (scale bar with B) and all single leaves too (scale bar with G). A–C from Tchouto & Elad 3310 (WAG), D–G from W.de Wilde 1061 (WAG), H–J from Beentje 1353 B from Ivory Coast (WAG), K–M from Breteler 14204 from Gabon (WAG). Drawn by Hans de Vries.
Fig. 4 in Novitates Gabonenses 92: Combretum rupestre (Combretaceae), a new liana species from Mount Ngouadi in Gabon
Fig. 4. – Combretum rupestre Jongkind & Texier. A. Flowering branch; B. Detail from leaf from below showing the domatia; C. Part of inflorescence with open flowers; D. Top of inflorescence with flower buds and bracts; E. Flower, side view; F. Flower, top view; G. Flower, length section. [Texier et al. 622, MO] [Drawing: H. de Vries]
Fig. 2 in Novitates Gabonenses 92: Combretum rupestre (Combretaceae), a new liana species from Mount Ngouadi in Gabon
Fig. 2. − Combretum rupestre Jongkind & Texier. A. Leaves from above; B. Leaves from below; C. Inflorescence. [Texier et al. 622] [Photos: N. Texier]
Fig. 3 in Novitates Gabonenses 92: Combretum rupestre (Combretaceae), a new liana species from Mount Ngouadi in Gabon
Fig. 3. – Map of Gabon with the location of Combretum rupestre Jongkind & Texier (white circle), also showing the National Parks (hatched areas), main roads and towns, with shading representing elevation by steps of 500 m.
Liana species of the Barro Colorado Island 50-ha plot 2007 and 2017 censuses
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Fig. 4 in Rhaphiostylis minima Jongkind (Icacinaceae), a new liana species from Ivory Coast & Liberia
Fig. 4. Distribution map of Rhaphiosylis minima sp. nov.
Data from: Canopy height explains species richness in the largest clade of Neotropical lianas
Aim: Tall and structurally complex forests can provide ample habitat and niche space for climbing plants, supporting high liana species richness. We test to what extent canopy height (as proxy of 3D habitat structure), climate and soil interact to determine species richness in the largest clade of Neotropical lianas. We expect that the effect of canopy height on species richness is higher for lianas from closed tropical rainforests compared to riparian and savanna habitats. Location: Neotropics Time period: PresentMajor taxa studied: Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) Methods: We used structural equation models to evaluate direct and indirect effects of canopy height, climate (temperature, precipitation and precipitation seasonality), and soil (cation exchange capacity and soil types) on overall Bignonieae species richness (339 liana species), as well as on species richness of lianas from forest, riparian and savanna habitats, respectively. We further performed multiple regression models with Moran's eigenvector maps to account for spatial autocorrelation. Results: Canopy height was a key driver of liana species richness, in addition to climate and soil. Species richness of forest lianas showed a strong positive relationship with canopy height whereas the relationship was less pronounced for riparian species. Richness of savanna species decreased with increasing canopy height. Climate also explained a substantial proportion of variation in liana species richness whereas soil variables showed little explanatory power.Main conclusions: The relationship between canopy height and liana species richness differs among habitats. While forest and riparian lianas benefit from tall and complex habitats that provide physical support to reach the canopy to escape low light availability in the understory, a high light availability in open habitats and an increased risk of embolism of conductive vessels for lianas with long stems living in areas with high seasonality might explain the inverse relationship between species richness and canopy height in savannas.
Liana communities exhibit different species composition, diversity and community structure across forest types in the Congo Basin
<p>Lianas are poorly characterized for central African forests. We quantify variation in liana composition, diversity and community structure in different forest types in the Yangambi Man and Biosphere Reserve, Democratic Republic of Congo. These attributes of liana assemblages were examined in 12 1-ha plots, randomly demarcated within regrowth forest, old-growth monodominant forest, old-growth mixed forest and old-growth edge forest. Using a combination of multivariate and univariate community analyses, we visualize the patterns of these liana assemblage attributes and/or test for their significant differences across forest types. The combined 12 1-ha area contains 2,638 lianas (≥ 2 cm diameter) representing 105 species, 49 genera and 22 families. Liana species composition differed significantly across forest types. Taxonomic diversity was higher in old-growth mixed forests compared to old-growth monodominant and regrowth forests. Trait diversity was higher than expected in the regrowth forest as opposed to the rest of forest types. Similarly, the regrowth forest differed from the rest of forest types in the pattern of liana species ecological traits and diameter frequency distribution. The regrowth forest was also less densely populated in lianas, and had lower liana total basal area than the rest of forest types. We speculate that the mechanism of liana competitive exclusion by dominant tree species is mainly responsible for the lower liana species diversity in monodominant compared to mixed forests. We attribute variation in liana community structure between regrowth and old-growth forests mostly to short development time of size hierarchies.</p>
Fig. 1 in Novitates Gabonenses 92: Combretum rupestre (Combretaceae), a new liana species from Mount Ngouadi in Gabon
Fig. 1. − Cliffs of Mont Ngouadi, habitat of Combretum rupestre Jongkind & Texier.
Species assemblages and their drivers differ between trees and lianas in a seasonal-evergreen forest in Thailand
<p>We provide the R codes and datasets used in the analysis presented in the manuscript maintext titled "Species assemblages and their drivers differ between trees and lianas in a seasonal-evergreen forest in Thailand," published in Ecosphere.</p>
Light-demanding tree species are more susceptible to lianas than shade-tolerant tree species in a subtropical secondary forest
<ol> <li> <span>Tree-tree competition has been widely studied as a mechanism responsible for maintaining forest plant species diversity</span><span>.</span><span> Other common plant types, such as lianas, may influence tree species competition. Previous studies reported the negative effects of lianas on trees; however, variation in susceptibility to lianas among tree species and the species-specificity of liana species for tree hosts remain unclear. If lianas have species-specific interactions with trees, based either on tree or liana species identity, then lianas may influence tree-tree interactions by altering tree species-specific competitiveness. </span> </li> <li> <span>We surveyed 5,676 lianas</span><span> (DBH </span><span>≥ </span><span>0.5 cm</span><span>)</span><span> and </span><span>61,538 trees </span><span>(DBH </span><span>≥ </span><span>1 cm</span><span>)</span><span> in a 12-ha subtropical secondary forest</span><span> plot to assess </span><span>liana-tree interactions</span><span>.</span><span> We</span><span> tested </span><span>variation among the 20 most common tree species in their </span><span>susceptibility to lianas,</span><span> including whether light-demanding and shade-tolerant tree species differed. </span><span>We</span><span> quantified liana-tree network structure and</span><span> evaluated the specificity between the 20 most common tree species and the 15 most common liana species. </span><span>We expected that: (1) </span><span>tree species would vary in their susceptibility to lianas, and the extent of this </span><span>variation</span><span> would be predicted by tree shade-tolerance; and (2) </span><span>liana species would have distinct species-specific interactions with host trees. </span> </li> <li> <span>Tree species differed greatly in their susceptibility to lianas, with some tree species accumulating many more lianas than others. Light-demanding tree species particularly had greater susceptibility to lianas than shade-tolerant tree species. Both the liana-tree network structure and the interaction </span><span>intensity</span><span> between the 15 liana species and 20 tree species showed distinct specialization of liana-tree interactions. </span> </li> <li><span><em>Synthesis</em>. Variation in tree species' susceptibility to lianas implies that lianas may alter tree species-specific competitive abilities by disproportionately affecting some tree species more than others. In contrast to studies in neotropical forests, light-demanding tree species were more susceptible to lianas than shade-tolerant tree species, suggesting that lianas could reduce light-demanding tree performance in this forest. The distinct species specialization between liana and tree species suggests that increases in the relative abundance of liana species, which is occurring in many forests, may alter the tree community by reducing the relative abundance of preferred host tree species. </span></li> </ol>
Data from: Canopy height explains species richness in the largest clade of Neotropical lianas
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Liana communities exhibit different species composition, diversity and community structure across forest types in the Congo Basin
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Data from: How do lianas and vines influence competitive differences and niche differences among tree species? Concepts and a case study in a tropical forest
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Higher rates of liana regeneration after canopy fall drives species abundance patterns in central Amazonia
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Data from: Deconstructing species richness–environment relationships in Neotropical lianas
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Light-demanding tree species are more susceptible to lianas than shade-tolerant tree species in a subtropical secondary forest
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Data from: Selective logging in tropical forests decreases the robustness of liana-tree interaction networks to the loss of host tree species
Selective logging is one of the major drivers of tropical forest degradation, causing important shifts in species composition. Whether such changes modify interactions between species and the networks in which they are embedded remain fundamental questions to assess the 'health' and ecosystem functionality of logged forests. We focus on interactions between lianas and their tree hosts within primary and selectively logged forests in the biodiversity hotspot of Malaysian Borneo. We found that lianas were more abundant, had higher species richness and different species compositions in logged than in primary forests. Logged forests showed heavier liana loads disparately affecting slow-growth tree species, which could exacerbate the loss of timber value and carbon storage already associated to logging. Moreover, simulation scenarios of host tree local species loss indicated that logging might decrease the robustness of liana-tree interaction networks if heavily infested trees (i.e. the most connected ones) are more likely to disappear. This effect is partially mitigated in the short term by the colonization of host trees by a greater diversity of liana species within logged forests, yet this might not compensate for the loss of preferred tree hosts in the long term. As a consequence, species interaction networks may show a lagged response to disturbance, which may trigger sudden collapses in species richness and ecosystem function in response to additional disturbances, representing a new type of "extinction debt".
Data from: Trees as islands: canopy ant species richness increases with the size of liana-free trees in a Neotropical forest
The physical characteristics of habitats shape local community structure; a classic example is the positive relationship between the size of insular habitats and species richness. Despite the high density and proximity of tree crowns in forests, trees are insular habitats for some taxa. Specifically, crown isolation (i.e. crown shyness) prevents the movement of small cursorial animals among trees. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the species richness of ants (Sa) in individual, isolated trees embedded within tropical forest canopies increases with tree size. We predicted that this pattern disappears when trees are connected by lianas (woody vines) or when strong interactions among ant species determine tree occupancy. We surveyed the resident ants of 213 tree crowns in lowland tropical forest of Panama. On average, 9.2 (range = 2–20) ant species occupied a single tree crown. Average (± SE) Sa was ca 25% higher in trees with lianas (10.2 ± 0.26) than trees lacking lianas (8.0 ± 0.51). Sa increased with tree size in liana-free trees (Sa = 10.99A0.256), but not in trees with lianas. Ant species composition also differed between trees with and without lianas. Specifically, ant species with solitary foragers occurred more frequently in trees with lianas. The mosaic-like pattern of species co-occurrence observed in other arboreal ant communities was not found in this forest. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that lianas play an important role in shaping the local community structure of arboreal ants by overcoming the insular nature of tree crowns.
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