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opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

FIGURE 2 in Lecanora stanislai, a new, sterile, usnic acid containing lichen species from Eurasia and North America

FIGURE 2. Morphology of Lecanora stanislai (A & B) and L. compallens (C & D). A, central part of thallus (holotype); B, edge of thallus with prothallus (Kukwa 13404); C edge of thallus with episubstratal areoles and soralia (Malíček 7517); delimited and fusing soralia in the center of the thallus (Malíček 7517). Scale: A–D—0.5 mm.

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

FIGURE 1 in Lecanora stanislai, a new, sterile, usnic acid containing lichen species from Eurasia and North America

FIGURE 1. Bayesian tree based on ITS rDNA data from Lecanora spp. Palicella glaucopa is the outgroup. Posterior probabilities ≥0.80 (first value), and bootstrap supports ≥70 for MP (second value) and ML (third value) methods are indicated near the branches. Names of the species are given with their GenBank Accession Numbers apart from newly sequenced specimens of Lecanora spp. that are in bold and for which the names are preceded by their herbarium collection numbers. Lecanora stanislai sp. nov. is shaded in grey. Lecanora strobilina marked with asterisk probably represents L. compallens.

opennotspecifiedDec 2013View details →

FIGURE 6. Galapagos Lepraria species with pannaric acid 6-methylester. a–b in Leprose and leproid lichens of the Galapagos, with a particular focus on Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) and Septotrapelia (Pilocarpaceae)

FIGURE 6. Galapagos Lepraria species with pannaric acid 6-methylester. a–b Lepraria vouauxii; a Insular thalli delimited by a blackened, necrotic zone where merging surrounding ±damaged, grayish thalli of Lepraria finkii (Aptroot 65476 A—L. vouauxii, Aptroot 65476 B—Lepraria finkii; scale 3 mm); b Close-up of the thallus of compact thalline granules with a brownish beige pseudocortex, and damaged parts exposing a whitish 'medulla" inside; closely packed together, but not forming the characteristic crisped lip otherwise typical of the xerophila-type (Aptroot 65666; scale 1 mm); c–d Lepraria tenella; c Overall growth aspect (Bungartz 8214; scale 3 mm). d Close up of the pseudopodetia with pseudocorticate granules (Bungartz 4857; scale 1 mm).

Fig. 1 in Quantitative variations of usnic acid and selected elements in terricolous lichen Cladonia mitis Sandst., with respect to different environmental factors - A chemometric approach

Fig. 1. Relationship between usnic acid content in Cladonia mitis and the latitude of the collection sites (R = 0.547, p =0.019). The circles denote samples from open area, while squares denote samples from forest area.

Fig. 4 in Quantitative variations of usnic acid and selected elements in terricolous lichen Cladonia mitis Sandst., with respect to different environmental factors - A chemometric approach

Fig. 4. The projection of samples on the plane defined by the first two latent components of the PLS model. The circles denote samples from open area, while squares denote samples from forest area.

Fig. 2 in Quantitative variations of usnic acid and selected elements in terricolous lichen Cladonia mitis Sandst., with respect to different environmental factors - A chemometric approach

Fig. 2. Relationship between usnic acid content in Cladonia mitis and the altitude (in the range of 50 and 500 m above sea level) of the collection sites (n = 13). The circles denote samples from open area, while squares denote samples from forest area.

Fig. 3 in Quantitative variations of usnic acid and selected elements in terricolous lichen Cladonia mitis Sandst., with respect to different environmental factors - A chemometric approach

Fig. 3. The weights of the first two latent components of the partial least square model. Usnic acid and Pb concentrations are response parameters, all other parameters are predictors.

Fig. 7 in Lichen-associated bacteria transform antibacterial usnic acid to products of lower antibiotic activity

Fig. 7. Molecular networking results from GNPS visualized with Cytoscape. Inset: cluster of UA and derivatives with close fragmentation pathway (m/z 357.12: compound K, m/z 389.104: compound L) and self-loop of compound H (at m/z 386.139).

Fig. 4 in Lichen-associated bacteria transform antibacterial usnic acid to products of lower antibiotic activity

Fig. 4. HPLC chromatograms of S. cyaneofuscatus cultures with or without UA: A) At the beginning of the stationary phase of bacterial growth; B) After 7 days of stationary phase. Circled in blue: compounds inhibited in the presence of UA, circled in orange: compounds more concentrated in the presence of UA, circled in red: UA. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Lichen-associated bacteria transform antibacterial usnic acid to products of lower antibiotic activity

Fig. 1. Monitoring of the bacterial growth over 15 days (D0 to D15) by measuring optical density (log OD (optical density), gray curve) and cell viability (%) using MTT assay (blue curve) compared to untreated culture (orange curve). A) Nocardia sp., B) S. cyaneofuscatus, C) M. ruber. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in Lichen-associated bacteria transform antibacterial usnic acid to products of lower antibiotic activity

Fig. 3. HPLC chromatograms of Nocardia sp. culture with or without UA. A) At the beginning of the stationary phase of the bacterial growth; B) After 7 days of stationary phase. Compounds circled in red appear only in the culture with UA. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Lichen-associated bacteria transform antibacterial usnic acid to products of lower antibiotic activity

Fig. 2. HPLC chromatograms of M. ruber cultures with or without UA. A) At the beginning of the stationary phase of bacterial growth; B) After 7 days of stationary phase. Compounds circled in red appear only in the culture with UA. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5 in Lichen-associated bacteria transform antibacterial usnic acid to products of lower antibiotic activity

Fig. 5. Comparison of HPLC chromatograms of B. weihenstephanensis extracts with UA at 0.01 mg/mL after 1 day of culture (blue), 9 days of culture (black) and without UA after 9 days of culture (red). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 8 in Lichen-associated bacteria transform antibacterial usnic acid to products of lower antibiotic activity

Fig. 8. Fragmentation patterns in negative mode of A) compound H and B) UA; common fragments are highlighted in orange. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov32/100

The Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in the Treatment of Lichen Planus Pigmentosus and Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04233749. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.

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Fig. 5 in Quantitative variations of usnic acid and selected elements in terricolous lichen Cladonia mitis Sandst., with respect to different environmental factors - A chemometric approach

Fig. 5. Map of the sampling localities (N1 – P7) along the transect.

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Fig. 6 in Lichen-associated bacteria transform antibacterial usnic acid to products of lower antibiotic activity

Fig. 6. UA and the ethanolamine H derivative obtained after biotransformation.

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Fig. 9 in Lichen-associated bacteria transform antibacterial usnic acid to products of lower antibiotic activity

Fig. 9. Fragmentation pattern proposed for one possible isomer of the methylated usnic acid K.