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1,342 results for “lichens”
Growth Rates of Xanthoparmelia Lichens in North Cemetery, Petersham MA 2005-2011
Lichens fix carbon dioxide from the air to build biomass. Crustose and foliose lichens grow as nearly flat, circular disks. While smaller lichens grow slowly, but with small, steady increases in radial growth rates, larger lichens grow more quickly, with radial velocities that remain roughly constant over the lifetime of an individual. These basic features follow directly from a novel mathematical model based on the diffusion of carbon dioxide around a lichen, and its absorption by the thallus. Smaller lichens fix carbon dioxide across the entire thallus, but larger lichens fix carbon dioxide disproportionately at edges. Because local edges remain the primary source of carbon as a lichen grows ever larger, radial growth rates remain constant. Predicted growth dynamics depend on four measurable parameters, and tests of the model against data suggest the model provides an accurate, robust, and universal framework for understanding the growth dynamics of lichens in nature.
LIAS light – A Database for Rapid Identification of Lichens – Subset Switzerland p. pte.
<p>This subset of the LIAS light database focuses on lichens found in Switzerland, providing comprehensive data for ecological research and taxon identification purposes. Not all taxa and only categorical (but 2 numerical) characters (descriptors) of the recorded taxa are covered. Updates and additional data will be published subsequently.</p>
Arctic specimens in the NHMO DNA bank Fungi & Lichens collection 2022
<p>All Arctic specimens in the NHMO DNA bank Fungi & Lichens collection as of August 2022. See Bjorå et al. 2023 "Collections of Arctic plants, lichens and fungi in the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway" for further details.</p>
Data from nitrogen isotopic analyses used to calculate biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) rates and field measurements from lichen, bryophyte, litter, and soil samples in MAT2006 plots, Arctic LTER, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, summers 2022-2023.
This dataset contains nitrogen (N) fixation and isotope data from experimental samples collected at Toolik Lake, Alaska during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. Sampling was conducted across multiple block treatments to capture spatial variability and included four substrate types: lichen, moss, litter, and soil. Within each plot, substrates were collected systematically along transects to ensure representative sampling, with lichen samples collected opportunistically due to lower abundance. Samples were incubated in the field under ambient conditions using 15N₂ to measure biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). In 2023, a short-term wetting experiment was conducted to assess the influence of moisture on BNF rates, with subsamples exposed to controlled additions of water. Across both years, data include isotope ratios, incubation conditions, moisture, fresh and dry biomass, and treatment assignments. The dataset provides information on BNF across substrate types, moisture regimes, and fertilization treatments in Arctic tundra. These data support investigation of N cycling processes, the influence of moisture and fertilization on fixation rates, and variability across vegetation types. The dataset is complete for the two field seasons (2022 and 2023) and includes sample- and block-level metadata necessary for reuse in ecological and biogeochemical research.
Plant & lichen species composition data for Saddle Nodal Plots, 1971 - ongoing.
To study long-term changes in alpine tundra plant communities, thirty permanently marked plots were surveyed in 1971. These same plots were surveyed at twenty, thirty, forty and fifty year intervals from the initial sampling date; in 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021. Due to covid and other events, data for the 50-year time point was collected over three summers, from 2021-2023. Plots are one by ten meters, divided into ten subplot quadrats, and marked with rebar. The presence or absence of each vascular plant species was recorded per plot. The cover was recorded for each species that appeared in a one meter by ten centimeter strip at the base of each quadrat within each plot. The cover of non-vascular plants, soil, rocks, and lichens was also recorded within the strip in most sampling years. Lichen were also surveyed in 1971 and 2021.These data have been used to study the changes in vascular plant and lichen communities and cover across habitats following a moisture gradient on the saddle portion of Niwot Ridge; these habitats include dry fellfield, dry meadow, moist meadow, wet meadow, snow bank, and shrub tundra. While we have observed some changes in species richness and cover in the plots, overall the plant communities seem fairly stable over time. Lichen species richness has increased in some habitats, while some lichen species have been disappearing from others.
Porto Santo landscape features and endemic lichens occurrence data
<p>Landscape features of Porto Santo island of and observation data of endemic lichens belonging to Sparrius et al. 2017, Bryologist.</p>
A geospatial dataset of lichen key attributes in the Earth's three poles
<p>To develop the geospatial dataset, we initially defined two lichen attributes: color type and growth form. These attributes were chosen due to their significant correlation with lichen physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as their association with reflection spectra. Each record of this geospatial dataset consists of information such as scientific name, longitude, latitude, ecoregion name, biome name, color type, growth form, and the occurranceID belongs to the GBIF original dataset.</p> <p>This dataset serves as a foundational resource for extensive investigations into the intricate interplay between lichen physiology and the environment, addressing a significant knowledge gap in the field. Furthermore, our dataset holds the potential to address challenges associated with remote sensing monitoring of lichens, a longstanding issue in vegetation remote sensing. Precise in situ observation records, as provided by our dataset, can facilitate the development of remote sensing techniques tailored for lichen monitoring.</p> <p>"Program" is the code used in the process of establishing the geospatial dataset of lichen key attributes in the Earth’s three poles.</p> <p> </p>
Exploring the Exclusive Isolation of Pseudomonas syringae in Peltigera Lichens via metabolite analysis and growth assays - Appendix
<p>Lichen samples from Iceland were collected from the genera Peltigera, Cladonia, and Stereocaulon in March 2023 at Heidmork forest, Oskjuhlid hill, and the shores of Ellidaa in Arbaejarstifla. All specimens underwent morphological analysis, and corresponding vouchers have been deposited at the Icelandic Institute of Natural History.</p>
Simulated climate change reduced the capacity of lichen-dominated biocrusts to act as carbon sinks in two semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems
<p> Biocrust gas exchange measurements used as input data for this study. The methods are described in detail in the related identifier paper.</p>
Dataset for "Fire disturbance promotes biodiversity of plants, lichens and birds in the Siberian subarctic tundra"
<p>Data that support the findings of the study "<strong>Fire disturbance promotes biodiversity of plants, lichens and birds in the Siberian subarctic tundra</strong>".</p>
Cover of ground lichens, bryophytes, and cyanobacteria: Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Gastropod lichen feeding trials
Herbivory by terrestrial gastropods, particularly Arion sp., can alter lichen communities; however, little is known about this interaction in forests of North America. This data set reports the results of two feeding trials with slugs and snails from Hubbard Brook on seven lichen species. In feeding trials two common lichens, Hypogymnia physodes and Platismatia glauca, were grazed more heavily by both native and non-native slugs than other lichen species.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Lichen grazing assessment on valleywide plots
Herbivory by terrestrial gastropods, particularly Arion sp. (a non-native slug), can alter epiphytic lichen communities; however, little is known about this interaction in forests of North America. We used surveys of grazing damage to lichen thalli in the field on 52 plots within Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH. Grazing damage by terrestrial gastropods was widespread, though few sites had severe grazing. Grazing damage was significantly higher on flatter terrain and on broadleaf trees. Overall, lichen communities in the HBEF were moderately impacted by terrestrial gastropod grazing, but potential effects of the non-native slugs at higher elevations and impacts on lichen health of widespread, moderate grazing deserve further study. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. These data were analyzed and published in: Clyne, Ailís B, Natalie L Cleavitt, and Timothy J Fahey. 2019. “Terrestrial Gastropod Grazing On Macrolichens In A Northern Broadleaf–Conifer Forest”. Northeastern Naturalist 26(2): 261 - 274. https://bioone.org/journals/Northeastern-Naturalist/volume-26/issue-2/045.026.0203/Terrestrial-Gastropod-Grazing-on-Macrolichens-in-a-Northern-BroadleafConifer-Forest/10.1656/045.026.0203.full.
Biological soil covers: data on lichen, bryophyte and algae coverage in soils gathered by SoilSkin citizen science program using eBryoSoil app for smartphones
<p>Biological soil covers (BSC) are small-sized topsoil communities composed mainly by lichens, bryophytes and algae that cover the terrestrial surface and play an essential role in maintaining the quality of the soil. However, little is known about their distribution, conservation, and ecosystem functions. The SoilSkin citizen science project aims to expand the scientific knowledge about the distribution of biological soil covers as an important step to evaluate the vulnerability of soil ecosystems of the Iberian Peninsula in the face of global change.</p> <p>The project has a dedicated free of charge app for smartphones (eBryoSoil, available at Google Play <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.omarfiz.ebryosoil&hl=ca&gl=US">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.omarfiz.ebryosoil&hl=ca&gl=US</a>) that is designed to obtain information about the coverage of the BSC communities. To use this app, users must select a sampling location and capture the three soil pictures required to complete a transect. These photographs are taken at a 27 cm distance from the soil, in a straight line with 15 meters of distance between each picture. After the acquisition of each image, users can quantify the coverage percentage of biological soil covers and select the type of habitat where the transect took place. The transect is complete when all three pictures and their respective information are uploaded.</p> <p>The data presented here contains the records from SoilSkin participants, which mainly include a characterization of the cover patterns of biological soil covers, the type of habitat and the coordinates where each record was taken. The data set is composed by 279 unique records taken by 37 unique users from 28/11/2019 to 12/12/2020, across the Iberian Peninsula. These records specifically detail the percentage of cover occupied by three types of lichen growth forms (crustose, foliose and fruticose); liverworts; two types of moss growth forms (acrocarpous and pleurocarpous); algae; and soil. Moreover, each record also contains a description of the main type of habitat where the transect took place, that was selected from a list contained in the app with the following habitats:</p> <ul> <li>Dense forest - Habitat characterized by trees of more than 2 meters tall and canopy over 60%.</li> <li>Open forest – Habitat characterized by trees with more than 2 meters tall and a canopy below 60%.</li> <li>Shrubland – Habitat characterized by woody vegetation with less than 2 meters tall.</li> <li>Grassland – Habitat characterized by herbaceous plants.</li> <li>Agricultural land – Habitat characterized by temporary or woody crops.</li> <li>Coastal habitat – Habitat characterized by a landscape where land is in contact with the sea, creating a visibly different landscape from inner terrestrial one’s.</li> <li>Urban green spaces – Habitat characterized by a landscape in which man-made structures are present.</li> </ul> <p>The database was revised to correct any possible mistakes (e.g., miscalculation of total percentages; habitat missing in some registers; removal of invalid registers).</p> <p>The data file contains the following columns:</p> <ul> <li>Date: numerical variable indicating the “day”/”month”/”year” when the register was generated.</li> <li>User_ID: categorical variable with the identification number of the user who gathered the record.</li> <li>Transect: categorical variable with the identification of the number of the transect.</li> <li>Photo_number: numeric variable that takes values of 1, 2 or 3 and corresponds with the identification of the photographs within each transect.</li> <li>Photo_label: character string with the identification of the photograph from each record.</li> <li>Register_localization: categorical variable with the identification of the geographic area where the record was done.</li> <li>Latitude: integer, variable indicating the latitude of the sampling location in decimal degrees.</li> <li>Longitude: integer, variable indicating the longitude of the sampling location in decimal degrees.</li> <li>Accuracy: integer, variable indicating the accuracy of the coordinates given by the GPS.</li> <li>Habitat_type: categorical variable with the description of the main type of habitat of the sampling location.</li> <li>Lichen_Crustose: integer, variable indicating the percentage of crustose lichen cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Lichen_Foliose: integer, variable indicating the percentage of foliose lichen cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Lichen_Fruticose: integer, variable indicating the percentage of fruticose lichen cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Total_lichen: integer, variable indicating the sum of all lichen coverage quantified in the record.</li> <li>Liverwort: integer, variable indicating the percentage of liverwort cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Moss_Acrocarpous: integer, variable indicating the percentage of acrocarpous moss cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Moss_Pleurocarpous: integer, variable indicating the percentage of pleurocarpous moss cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Total_ moss: integer, variable indicating the sum of all moss coverage quantified in the record.</li> <li>Algae: integer, variable indicating the percentage of algae cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Soil: integer, variable indicating the percentage of soil visible in the record.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Terrestrial lichen data for Northwest Territories, Canada
<p>Increased fire activity due to climate change may impact the successional dynamics of boreal forests, with important consequences for caribou habitat. Early successional forests have been shown to support lower quantities of caribou forage lichens, but geographic variation in, and controls on, the rates of lichen recovery have been largely unexplored. In this study, we sampled across a broad region in northwestern Canada to compare lichen biomass accumulation in ecoprovinces, including the Saskatchewan Boreal Shield, the Northwest Territories Taiga Shield and Northwest Territories Taiga Plains, divided into North and South. We focused on the most valuable <i>Cladonia</i> species for boreal and barren ground caribou: <i>Cladonia mitis</i> and <i>C. arbuscula</i>, <i>C. rangiferina</i> and <i>C. stygia</i>, <i>C. stellaris</i> and <i>C. uncialis</i>. We developed new allometric equations to estimate lichen biomass from field measurements of lichen cover and height; allometries were consistent among ecoprovinces, suggesting generalizability. We then used estimates of lichen biomass to quantify patterns of lichen recovery in different stand types, ecoprovinces, and with time following stand-replacing fire. We used a hurdle model to account both for the heterogeneous nature of lichen presence (zero-inflation), and the range of abundance in stands where lichen was present. The first component of the hurdle model, a generalized linear model (GLM), identified stand age, stand type and ecoprovince as significant predictors of lichen presence. With a logistic growth model, a measure of lichen recovery (time to 50% asymptotic value) varied from 28 to 73 years, dependent on stand type and ecoprovince. The combined predictions of the hurdle model suggest the most rapid recovery of lichen biomass across our study region occurred in jack pine in the Boreal Shield (30 years), while stands located in the Taiga Plains (North and South) required a longer recovery period (approximately 75 years). These results provide a basis for estimating future caribou habitat that encompasses some of the large variation in fire effects on lichen abundance and vegetation types across the range of boreal and barren ground caribou in North America.</p>
Air pollution in a tropical city: the relationship between wind direction and lichen bio-indicators in San José, Costa Rica
<p>Lichens are good bio-indicators of air pollution, but in most tropical countries there are few studies on the subject; however, in the city of San José, Costa Rica, the relationship between air pollution and lichens has been studied for decades. In this article we evaluate the hypothesis that air pollution is lower where the wind enters the urban area (Northeast) and higher where it exits San José (Southwest). We identified the urban parks with a minimum area of approximately 5 000m² and randomly selected a sample of 40 parks located along the passage of wind through the city. To measure lichen coverage, we applied a previously validated 10 x 20cm template with 50 random points to five trees per park (1.5m above ground, to the side with most lichens). Our results (years 2008 and 2009) fully agree with the generally accepted view that lichens reflect air pollution carried by circulating air masses. The practical implication is that the air enters the city relatively clean by the semi-rural and economically middle class area of Coronado, and leaves through the developed neighborhoods of Escazú and Santa Ana with a significant amount of pollutants. In the dry season, the live lichen coverage of this tropical city was lower than in the May to December rainy season, a pattern that contrasts with temperate habitats; but regardless of the season, pollution follows the pattern of wind movement through the city</p>
Air pollution in a tropical city: the relationship between wind direction and lichen bioindicators in San Jose, Costa Rica
<p>Lichens are good bio-indicators of air pollution, but in most tropical countries there are few studies on the subject; however, in the city of San José, Costa Rica, the relationship between air pollution and lichens has been studied for decades. In this article we evaluate the hypothesis that air pollution is lower where the wind enters the urban area (Northeast) and higher where it exits San José (Southwest). We identified the urban parks with a minimum area of approximately 5 000m² and randomly selected a sample of 40 parks located along the passage of wind through the city. To measure lichen coverage, we applied a previously validated 10 x 20cm template with 50 random points to five trees per park (1.5m above ground, to the side with most lichens). Our results (years 2008 and 2009) fully agree with the generally accepted view that lichens reflect air pollution carried by circulating air masses. The practical implication is that the air enters the city relatively clean by the semi-rural and economically middle class area of Coronado, and leaves through the developed neighborhoods of Escazú and Santa Ana with a significant amount of pollutants. In the dry season, the live lichen coverage of this tropical city was lower than in the May to December rainy season, a pattern that contrasts with temperate habitats; but regardless of the season, pollution follows the pattern of wind movement through the city</p>
Air pollution in a tropical city: the relationship between wind direction and lichen bio-indicators in San José, Costa Rica
<p>Lichens are good bio-indicators of air pollution, but in most tropical countries there are few studies on the subject; however, in the city of San José, Costa Rica, the relationship between air pollution and lichens has been studied for decades. In this article we evaluate the hypothesis that air pollution is lower where the wind enters the urban area (Northeast) and higher where it exits San José (Southwest). We identified the urban parks with a minimum area of approximately 5 000m² and randomly selected a sample of 40 parks located along the passage of wind through the city. To measure lichen coverage, we applied a previously validated 10 x 20cm template with 50 random points to five trees per park (1.5m above ground, to the side with most lichens). Our results (years 2008 and 2009) fully agree with the generally accepted view that lichens reflect air pollution carried by circulating air masses. The practical implication is that the air enters the city relatively clean by the semi-rural and economically middle class area of Coronado, and leaves through the developed neighborhoods of Escazú and Santa Ana with a significant amount of pollutants. In the dry season, the live lichen coverage of this tropical city was lower than in the May to December rainy season, a pattern that contrasts with temperate habitats; but regardless of the season, pollution follows the pattern of wind movement through the city</p>
Modelling the carbon balance in bryophytes and lichens: Presentation of PoiCarb 1.0, a new model for explaining distribution patterns and predicting climate-change effects
<p><strong>Premise </strong></p> <p>Bryophytes and lichens have important functional roles in many ecosystems. Insight into how their CO<sub>2</sub> exchange responds to climatic conditions is essential for understanding current and predicting future productivity and biomass patterns, but responses are hard to quantify at time-scales beyond instantaneous measurements. We present PoiCarb 1.0, a model to study how CO<sub>2</sub> exchange rates of these poikilohydric organisms change through time as a function of weather conditions.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>PoiCarb simulates diel fluctuations of CO<sub>2</sub> exchange and estimates long-term carbon balances, identifying optimal and limiting climatic patterns. Modelled processes are net photosynthesis, dark respiration, evaporation and water uptake. Measured CO<sub>2</sub>-exchange responses to light, temperature, atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, and thallus water content (calculated in a separate module) are used to parameterise the model's carbon module. We validated the model by comparing modelled diel courses of net CO<sub>2</sub> exchange to such courses from field measurements on the tropical lichen <em>Crocodia aurata</em>. To demonstrate the model's usefulness, we simulated potential climate-change effects.</p> <p><strong>Results </strong></p> <p>Diel patterns were reproduced well and modelled and observed diel carbon balances were strongly positively correlated. Simulated warming effects via changes in metabolic rates were consistently negative, while effects via faster drying were variable, depending on the timing of hydration.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>Being able to reproduce the weather-dependent variation in diel carbon balances is a clear improvement compared to simple extrapolations of short-term measurements or potential photosynthetic rates. Apart from predicting climate-change effects, future uses of PoiCarb include testing hypotheses about distribution patterns of poikilohydric organisms and guiding species' conservation.</p>
Weak effect of urbanisation on bdelloid rotifers living in lichens
<p>Human activities have an overwhelming impact on the natural environment, leading to a deep biodiversity crisis whose effects range from genes to ecosystems. We here analysed the effect of such anthropogenic impacts on bdelloid rotifers (Rotifera: Bdelloidea), for whom these effects are poorly understood. We targeted bdelloid rotifers living in lichen patches across urbanisation gradients in Flanders and Brussels (Belgium). Urbanisation was measured as the percentage of built-up area across different spatial scales, at circles from 50 m to 3,200 m of radius around the lichen. Urbanisation effects on biodiversity were assessed on abundance, species richness, and community-weighted mean body size of bdelloid rotifers, as well as on genetic diversity of one of the most common and widespread bdelloid species, <em>Adineta</em> <em>vaga</em>. Overall, no negative effect of urbanisation was found at any diversity level and at any spatial scale. Counterintuitively, built-up area quantified at the largest spatial scale had a positive effect on abundance. These results leave open the question of whether negative effects of urbanisation are present for bdelloid rotifers, or if such effects are only visible at even larger spatial scales.</p>
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