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Catches of numerous insect species in Rothamsted 160W light trap at Devonport, Tasmania, 1992-2019
<p>These data derive from decades of near-continuous (1992 - 2019, apart from 2008 and 2009) operation of a 160W Rothamsted-design light trap at Stony Rise Centre, Devonport, Tasmania, Australia. Stony Rise was the last of several long term, continuous trapping sites operated over this period by the Tasmanian state agricultural agency, currently known as the Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania.</p> <p>The light was normally operated every night, with all individuals of selected taxa counted. There were 5433 trapping events covering 7897 nights including 4167 single-night events, 502 two-night events, 516 three-night events and 165 four-night events. The remaining 83 events were variously 5-14 nights duration. There were 194 sporadic nights when the trap malfunctioned, which is about 2.5% of 7897 nights in the main trapping periods. The trap did not operate for extended periods (3-6 months) in early 1996, early 1998, all of 2007, all of 2008, all of 2009, early 2010 and late 2015. Enumeration of catches ceased on 6 February 2019. A total of 222,146 specimens were identified and enumerated for the data set.</p> <p><strong>Dataset</strong></p> <p>The initial focus of the trapping was on Noctuidae and insect species of economic importance for Tasmanian agriculture. The taxa selected for identification and counts grew from 104 taxa in 1992 to 273 taxa in 2019. Consequently, absence of some species from early samples should not be considered to indicate absence of these species. During periods in which any species was included in counts, a record is always included for the species in question, with a count of zero if no individuals were detected. During periods in which the species was not included in counts, no record is included for the species and period in question. Hence zero counts can always be considered to represent true absence within the sample of identified insects.</p> <p>An explanation of the survey work leading to this dataset and an overview of species included was published in Hill, L., 2013b, Long-term light trap data from Tasmania, Australia, Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.28(1) (<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700470_Long-term_light_trap_data_from_Tasmania_Australia">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700470_Long-term_light_trap_data_from_Tasmania_Australia</a>).</p> <p>The bibliography lists publications derived from analysis of these data.</p> <p><strong>Purpose</strong></p> <p>The focus was on prognosis of Persectania ewingii Westwood, southern armyworm and several other noctuid pests such as Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren), native budworm and Agrotis species, true cutworms, which were all subsequently shown to undertake substantial annual immigration from mainland Australia to Tasmania across Bass Strait (Drake et al. 1981, Hill 1993, Hill 2007a). The reliability of using light trap catches to forecast larval outbreaks of southern armyworm was determined empirically since 1953 (Hill, L. 2013c). A history of forecasting outbreaks of the southern armyworm, Persectania ewingii (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Tasmania. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.28(1), 15-21. Many frequent or infrequent vagrant Lepidoptera and other taxa were detected and the status of some of these was asserted in scientific publications (Hill 2011a, 2012a, 2013d, 2014, 2015, 2016a, 2016b, 2017). Sex ratio data for 38 species of Noctuidae was collected but is not provided in this dataset. Data from similar traps at other Tasmanian sites, back to 1953 for a few species, as described by Hill (2013c) is held variously in hardcopy format by the Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania. It is available on request.</p> <p><strong>Temporal scope</strong></p> <p>January 1, 1992 - February 6, 2019</p> <p><strong>Geographic scope</strong></p> <p>Stony Rise Centre, Devonport, Tasmania, Australia </p> <p><strong>Taxonomic scope</strong></p> <p>227 species or higher taxa of Lepidoptera, representing about 30 families. 7 taxa of Coleoptera, representing 2 families. 6 taxa of Diptera representing 6 families. 12 taxa of Hemiptera representing 6 families. 3 taxa of Hymenoptera representing 1 family. 16 taxa of Neuroptera representing 5 families. 1 taxon of Blattodea. 1 taxon of Orthoptera.</p> <p><strong>Methodology</strong></p> <p><em>Study extent</em></p> <p>The light trap was installed at Stony Rise Centre (government offices), 1 Rundle Street, Devonport, Tasmania (146.32 E, 41.18 S).</p> <p><em>Sampling</em></p> <p>The trap was similar to the Rothamsted-design traps operated in the United Kingdom, consisting of a clear glass or Perspex, truncated pyramid of 52 cm square base, 22 cm height and 12 cm top aperture surrounding a square, glass funnel of slightly lesser height with 20 cm top aperture and 4 cm bottom aperture. This was mounted on a wooden base-board about 1.3 m above ground under a ridged, steel roof. A 160 W mercury vapour bulb was suspended within the funnel from the ceiling of the roof cavity, in which a clock switch was fitted. Clearance between the top aperture of the funnel and the ceiling of the roof was about 4 cm. The catch was collected into a single 10 cm square glass jar with a plaster of Paris floor bearing tetrachlorethane killing fluid and with a 9 cm orifice screwed to the underside of the baseboard. This jar contained a piece of crumpled paper towel to reduce rubbing of specimens. In December 2015 the trap was rebuilt in stainless steel to the same dimensions and using the original collection pyramid and funnel. The clock switch was replaced by a light sensitive switch.</p> <p><em>Quality control</em></p> <p>Only selected insect species were sorted and identified, counted and written into a data file. Some insects were only sorted and counted using supraspecific ranks. The range of included species grew over the period. Records for each interval exclude taxa which were not sorted or identified during the period in question. Hence zero counts indicate absence of the insects concerned during a trapping period.</p> <p><em>Method steps</em></p> <ol> <li> <p>In the study, all individual records of selected target insect species were collected, identified to species level and counted yielding qualitative (species) and quantitative (number of individuals within each species) data for the entire study period. The recorded taxa are listed in taxon.csv in this dataset, along with summary information on the first and last events during which the taxon was monitored, the number of events in which the taxon could have been detected, the actual number in which it was detected, the total number of individuals detected, and the number of individuals detected in each year from 1992 to 2019 and in each month of the year.</p> </li> <li> <p>All handling and identification of material was carried out consistently throughout the entire period by the same researcher.</p> </li> <li> <p>Over 9000 specimens in several hundred taxa from this light trap are preserved in the Tasmanian Agricultural Insect Collection, Hobart, Tasmania (<a href="https://collections.ala.org.au/public/show/co131">https://collections.ala.org.au/public/show/co131</a>). Note specimen records are not included in this dataset. Images of representative specimens of most recorded taxa are included in the image subfolder and listed in image.csv. For insects identified only to genus or higher, it should not be assumed that all records over the period matched the species illustrated.</p> </li> <li> <p>The data were prepared for publication as a Darwin Core sampling event dataset via a series of transformations within Excel and comprises the following CSV files: event.csv (Darwin Core sampling event records) and occurrence.csv (Darwin Core occurrence records linked to event.csv by eventID). Two other CSV files are included but not mapped through the Darwin Core Archive meta.xml. First, image.csv lists images of example specimens of many of the taxa recorded in the dataset. These images are included in the image folder. Secondly, taxon.csv summarises the taxa referenced within occurrence.csv, cross-references the images as associatedMedia and provides summary counts for the number of individuals of each taxon recorded in each year of the study and in each calendar month through the period.</p> </li> </ol> <p><strong>Bibliography</strong></p> <ol> <li> <p>Drake et al. 1981. Insect migration across Bass Strait during spring: a radar study. Bulletin of Entomological Research 71, 449-66. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300008476</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 1993. Colour in adult Helicoverpa punctigera Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as an indicator of migratory origin. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 32, 145-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1993.tb00563.x</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2007a. Agrotis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species in Tasmania including montane, summer aestivation of the bogong moth, Agrotis infusa (Boisduval, 1832). Victorian Entomologist 37(1), 3-9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700557</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2007b. The chevron cutworm, Diarsia intermixta in Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 37(5), 68-76. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700503</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2011a. The Pacific damsel bug, Nabis kinbergii in Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 41(5), 99-107. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700561</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2011b. The heliotrope moth, Utetheisa pulchelloides in Tasmania. Victoria Entomologist 41(4), 69-73. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700401</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2011c. Continual migration across Bass Strait? Victorian Entomologist 41(6), 117-22. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700626.</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2012a. Cabbage-centre grub Hellula hydralis, not resident in Tasmania. Plant Protection Quarterly 27(3), 91-100. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700462</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2012b. The brown lacewing, Micromus tasmaniae in Tasmania: Part 1. Victorian Entomologist 42(5), 94-101. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700563.</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2012c. The brown lacewing, Micromus tasmaniae in Tasmania: Part 2. Victorian Entomologist 42(6), 115-20. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700504</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2013a. A history of forecasting outbreaks of the southern armyworm, Persectania ewingii (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Tasmania. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.28(1), 15-21. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700550</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2013b. Long-term light trap data from Tasmania, Australia. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.28(1), 22-27. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700470.</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2013c. The common armyworm, Mythimna convecta (Walker) (Noctuidae:Lepidoptera), a seasonal resident in Tasmania. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.28(4), 114-119. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700391</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2013d. Earias moths, rare vagrants in Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 43(2), 40-43. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700577.</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2013e. Australia painted lady butterflies light-trapped in Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 43(4), 76-81. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700637</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2013f. The satin moth, Thalaina selenaea in Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 43(5), 106-111. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700628</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2014. Lesser armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a vagrant moth in Tasmania. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.29(4), 131-142. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274700387</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2015. Eggfruit caterpillar, Sceliodes cordalis (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a vagrant moth and indicator for likelihood of Queensland fruit fly establishment in Tasmania? Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.30(1), 27-39. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311950878.</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2016a. An extreme rain event brings two vagrant moths to Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 46(4), 88-89. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311951473.</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2016b. Meyrickella ruptellus (Noctuidae: Hypeninae), a rare vagrant in Tasmania. Victorian Entomologist 46(3), 60-66. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311950973</p> </li> <li> <p>Hill 2017. Migration of green mirid, Creontiades dilutus (Stål) and residence of potato bug, Closterotomus norwegicus (Gmelin) in Tasmania (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirinae: Mirini). Crop Protection 96(2017), 211-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.02.006</p> </li> </ol>
Fig. 2 in A New Measure Of Conservation Value Combining Rarity And Ecological Diversity: A Case Study With Light Trap Collected Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera)
Fig. 2. The Rarity and Ecological Diversity (RED)-index of the different aquatic habitats (aquatic habitats with the same letter are not significantly different at p = 0.05 by non-parametric Tukey-test)
Fig. 1 in A New Measure Of Conservation Value Combining Rarity And Ecological Diversity: A Case Study With Light Trap Collected Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera)
Fig. 1. The map of Hungary with the position of the sampling sites (filled squares show light traps)
Fig. 3 in A New Measure Of Conservation Value Combining Rarity And Ecological Diversity: A Case Study With Light Trap Collected Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera)
Fig. 3. The diversity (A) and RAR-index (B) of the different aquatic habitats (aquatic habitats with the same letter are not significantly different at p = 0.05 by non-parametric Tukey-test)
Fig. 2 in Long-Term Light Trap Study On The Macro-Moth (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera) Fauna Of The Aggtelek National Park
Fig. 2. Activity curves. (A) Changes of the number of species, and (B) specimens in 2003. Catches were summed up on every second day, and box diagrams were based on 5 data items. The curves
Fig. 1 in Long-Term Light Trap Study On The Macro-Moth (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera) Fauna Of The Aggtelek National Park
Fig. 1. Species constancy of the macro-moth's (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera) at the Aggtelek National Park based on a light trap operated at the southern slope of the Tohonya-valley. The graph
Fig. 3 in Glass Buildings As Bird Feeders: Urban Birds Exploit Insects Trapped By Polarized Light Pollution
Fig. 3. Timing of foraging visits of European magpie (Pica pica) to the northern building of the Eötvös University as detected by a web camera from 17:00 h on 16 May to 20:00 h on 23 May in 2007. Arrow lengths represent the proportion of all visits made during a particular hour over the
Fig. 2 in Glass Buildings As Bird Feeders: Urban Birds Exploit Insects Trapped By Polarized Light Pollution
Fig. 2. (A) Hovering white wagtail (Motacilla alba) catching caddis flies from a window. (B) House sparrow (Passer domesticus) capturing caddis flies from a vertical glass surface. (C) Great tit (Parus major) standing on a window's edge and catching caddis flies. (D) European magpie (Pica pica) on
Fig. 1 in Glass Buildings As Bird Feeders: Urban Birds Exploit Insects Trapped By Polarized Light Pollution
Fig. 1. (A) The southern (left arrow) and northern (right arrow) building of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Eötvös University in Budapest seen from the river Danube. (B) Mass-swarming caddis flies (Hydropsyche pellucidula, white dots) at the vertical glass surfaces of the northern building. (C) "Well-laid table" for urban birds: caddis fly imagoes (black dots) landed on white (untinted) and black (tinted) vertical glass surfaces. (D) An adult caddis fly landed on the outside surface of a window photographed from outside. (E) A copulating caddis fly pair on the outside surface of a window
Fig. 1 in Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) response to pyramid traps baited with attractive light and pheromonal stimuli
Fig. 1. Standard black pyramid trap with PHER lure (A) and modified pyramid trap with narrow blue fluorescent light (B).
Figure 3. The 95 in Effects of agroecosystems on insect and insectivorous bat activity: a preliminary finding based on light trap and mist net captures
Figure 3. The 95% family-wise confidence level for multiple comparisons test based on insectivorous bat species analyses. Left: H. aff. ruber; right: H. jonesi.
Figure 2. The 95 in Effects of agroecosystems on insect and insectivorous bat activity: a preliminary finding based on light trap and mist net captures
Figure 2. The 95% family-wise confidence level for multiple comparisons test based on insect order analyses. Left: Lepidoptera; right: Diptera.
Fig. 6 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)
Fig. 6. Stacked frequency distributions of captured Elenchus koebelei males. The white area under the outline illustrates the number of days with a given catch at Wakulla Beach, the gray area depicts that for all years at Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTM), and the hashed gray area represents the portion of the catch at GTM without 2014. Lastly, the broad outline represents the combined catch frequencies from both sites for all 3 years, 2013–2015. More than half the days with no catches occurred in 2014, when sampling began in mid-Oct.
Fig. 5. Live Elenchus koebelei males caught over a 3 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)
Fig. 5. Live Elenchus koebelei males caught over a 3-year period plotted against minutes relative to sunrise. Most eclosed males were caught between 30 min before sunrise and sunrise itself. None were caught more than 63 min before or 36 min afer sunrise. Though wind-induced fluctuations occurred at Wakulla Beach, the range of capture times at both sites were similar, and peak catch times appear strongly influenced by morning civil twilight. Of the 521 adult male E. koebelei caught over the course of the study, only the 391 captured alive at known times are included in the graph.
Fig. 3 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)
Fig. 3. Collection sites: The north branch of the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve in Saint John's County, near Florida's Atlantic Coast, and Wakulla Beach, on the Gulf Coast in Wakulla County. [Produced with assistance from Eco-Regions of Florida. Level IV Ecoregions graphic developed by the Watershed Monitoring Section, Division of Environmental Assessment and Restoration, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, Florida. Sourced from Griffith et al. (2001). Adapted with permission.]
Fig. 8 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)
Fig. 8. Daily Strepsiptera catch versus temperature and wind speed. Ninetythree percent of the Elenchus koebelei were caught at temperatures between 21.7 to 25.6 °C (71–78 °F) inclusive. Strepsiptera catch suffered markedly when it was too cold. Similarly, most E. koebelei were captured when the wind was blowing slightly, perhaps owing to the role pheromones play. The ×'s indicate conditions in which no Strepsiptera were caught but sampling was attempted. Graphed wind speeds were measured at area weather stations rather than locally.
Fig. 2. The light trap. A in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)
Fig. 2. The light trap. A. Schematic of the PVC skeleton. Electronics were placed in the bucket, which could be suspended from the trap at high tide. B. PVC parts. Some parts were cemented together for strength and ease of construction. C. Trap with sheet and lights in place. In taller grass, longer trap legs can be used to help provide a crease into which attracted Strepsiptera can fly, walk, or fall. This reduces specimen loss through desiccation or drop-off into grass. In short grass it may be better to wet the trap base and use a long ultraviolet light. D. The base of the trap when used with the long light.
Fig. 4 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)
Fig. 4. Successful sampling days, grouped by year and ordered by start time. The figure displays the delay between the beginning of sampling and the first live capture, the time between live captures, and the time afer the last live capture until disbanding of daily sampling. Seven captures were made during astronomical twilight, all of which occurred at Wakulla Beach: 5 on one morning, and 2 on another. There were no sampling days with live catches between 24 and 50 at either site.
Fig. 7 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)
Fig. 7. Influence of initial temperature on total catch. Black boxes indicate the fraction of total Strepsiptera captured at the given temperatures; adjacent hashed boxes represent the fraction of mornings at each temperature. The most productive days were those with dawn temperatures ranging from 22.8 to 25 °C (73–77 °F). Elenchus koebelei was not found to fly on mornings when the temperature was below 17.2 °C (63 °F). The ratio of E. koebelei caught to collection days drops off dramatically for temperatures above 25.5 °C (78 °F).
Fig. 1 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)
Fig. 1. Above: Image of an adult male Elenchus koebelei standing on an an- esthetic stage. Note its bifurcated antennae, black tapioca-like eyes, modified forewing that forms a haltere (only 1 of the pair is visible), silver sheen hindwings (iridescent in color images), and extensive thorax. Below: An E. koebelei positioned above a penny for size comparison. [When closing in on a calling female, E. koebelei fly upright with the abdomen tip turned under (Muir 1906).] Adjacent are 3 pictures of visibly stylopized planthoppers. Pupating male E. koebelei bulge from the sides of their hosts. The arrows indicate puparia.
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