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16 results for “lightning initiation”
Ultra-Slow Discharges that Precede Lightning Initiation dataset
<p><strong>Description of Dataset:</strong></p> <p>These data were used to produce figures for the Geophysical Research Letters publication: <em>Ultra-Slow Discharges that Precede Lightning Initiation</em>. Data are provided in human readable ".csv" and ".dat" formats.</p> <p>Arrays within the in csv files are stored in rows, headings for each row are the array titles. The arrays t, x, y, z are the time, easting, northing, and altitude for arrays after cuts have been performed, while the cutT, cutX, cutY, and cutZ are the corresponding arrays for the t, x, y, z data that have been cut from the fit. The fitT, fitX, fitY, and fitZ are the fit curves for t, x, y, and z. The hist_bins, binwidth, hist, xPDF, and PDF are the bins, bin width, histogram counts, PDF x values, and PDF for the lateral spread from the fit. All data values are in milliseconds and meters.</p> <p>The arrays within the dat files are stored in equally spaced rows. The first row contains the header and array names for the columns. Data for TRI-D plots contains the source index, time in milliseconds, easting in kilometers, northing in kilometers, altitude in kilometers, and intensity in units of galactic background. For the impulsive image figure (FigureS5_data.dat, Supplemental figure S5), the data are the block index, time in milliseconds, easting in kilometers, northing in kilometers, altitude in kilometers, and the <span class="math-tex">\(\chi^2\)</span> for the located source.</p>
Data and Supplementary Material for "Insights into Lightning K-Leader Initiation and Development from Three Dimensional Broadband Interferometric Observations" by Jensen et al.
<p>Data and Supplementary Material for the manuscript “Insights into Lightning K-Leader Initiation and Development from Three Dimensional Broadband Interferometric Observations” by Jensen et al., submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. Further description in included PDF (01file_description.pdf)</p>
Initiation Process of a Winter Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flash
<p>Lightning location results data. This dataset includes complete data, which means it has not undergone quality control. The time needs to be subtracted from the corresponding paper (Initiation Process of a Winter Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flash) by 1.165ms.</p>
Soil Characteristics Following a Lightning-Initiated Fire at MacKenzie Flats, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1998)
We evaluated soil characteristics after a lightning-initiated fire. Following the fire in July 1998, 25 experimental plots were established on the eastern edge of MacKenzie Flats at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Ten of these plots were located in a Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama)-dominated site, while 15 were established in another area dominated by Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama). All plots were oriented along a topographic gradient that ran in an east-west direction. At three topographic locations within each plot, soil samples were taken at two depths from an area covered by perennial grass as well as an area devoid of vegetation. Soil samples were collected in July 1998 and analyzed for moisture content and soil texture.
Characteristics of the initial stage and return stroke currents of rocket-triggered lightning flashes in southern China
<p>This study investigates the initial stage (IS) and return stroke (RS) currents of 50 triggered lightning flashes (TLFs) that were conducted in southern China. The IS of the negative TLFs has a longer duration, and larger average current, charge transfer, and action integral than those reported elsewhere, with geometric means (GMs) of 347.9 ms, 132.5 A, 45.1 C, and 10.0 × 10<sup>3</sup> A<sup>2</sup> s, respectively. Two positive TLFs containing no RS have much greater average currents, charge transfers, and action integrals in the IS when compared with the negative TLFs. The RS has a greater peak current (17.2 kA; GM, same to below), charge transfer within 1 ms (1.3 C), and action integral within 1 ms (5.8 × 10<sup>3</sup> A<sup>2</sup> s), and shorter 10% to 90% rise time (0.4 μs) than elsewhere. The peak current is prominently correlated with the rate of rise, charge transfer within 1 ms, and action integral within 1 ms. Furthermore, when the total duration of the RS and any following continuing currents is longer than 40 ms, the peak current, charge transfer within 1 ms, and action integral within 1 ms of the RS are seldom greater than 25 kA, 2.6 C, and 15 × 10<sup>3</sup> A<sup>2</sup> s, respectively. It is indicated that TLFs containing RSs tend to have a longer duration but a smaller charge transfer during the IS than those without RS. The peak current of the RS is weakly correlated with its preceding silence period when there was no channel base current.</p>
Quantification of Electric Fields in Fast Breakdown during Lightning Initiation from VHF-UHF Power Spectra
<p>The data support the manuscript entitled “Quantification of Electric Fields in Fast Breakdown during Lightning Initiation from VHF-UHF Power Spectra” that is submitted to GRL. These files can be opened by MATLAB. The data can be used freely for scientific purposes with appropriate citation.</p>
Properties of negative initial leaders and lightning flash size in a cluster of supercells
<p>It is the figure data of the paper titled as "Properties of negative initial leaders and lightning flash size in a cluster of supercells". The abstract of this paper is as follows:</p> <p>Properties of negative initial leaders (NILs) and flash size in a cluster of supercells with generally inverted charge structure in Oklahoma on 10 − 11 May 2010 are examined, primarily using Lightning Mapping Array data. A method to identify NILs from LMA source is proposed, and helps to reveal the multiple NILs properties and their distributions. The NILs in the supercell cluster have smaller speed (median 3D displacement speed: 0.65 × 10<sup>5</sup> m s<sup>−1</sup>), relative to the previous reports in “normal” thunderstorms. Furthermore, median NIL speeds initially decrease with increasing height, but begin increasing above 12 km. The NILs tend to decelerate during the early stage. The parameters characterizing flash duration and spatial size are also investigated. It is found they all follow lognormal distributions and the spatial flash size is relatively small on average (median horizontal distance: 5.54 km). Most flashes (83.18%) extend primarily in the horizontal direction. Flash area shows an inverse relationship with flash density at their fast changes during storm evolution. Although large flash initiation density (FID) generally occurs in regions with small flash size, the smallest flash size is nearly not collocated with large FID value. In the regions with large FID, average flash duration roughly increases with increasing FID, while average flash area changes little. We proposed that the pattern of charge pockets and variation of charge density dominated by the strong kinematics are responsible for some new findings about the properties of NIL and flash size in the supercell cluster.</p>
Initial leader properties during the preliminary breakdown processes of lightning flashes and their associations with initiation positions
<p>It is the dataset assocaited with the figures in the paper titled "Initial leader properties during the preliminary breakdown processes of lightning flashes and their associations with initiation positions" which was submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres for publication. It can be accessed using Matlab. The abstract of the manuscript is as follows.</p> <p>The properties of initial leaders (ILs) of 1056 flashes in two thunderstorms in Guangzhou, China, are analyzed. The median values of IL properties are 11.1 ms for duration, 2.2 km for vertical distance, 2.7 km for 3-D distance, 1.9 × 10<sup>5</sup> m s<sup>−1</sup> for vertical speed, 2.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> m s<sup>−1</sup> for 3-D speed, 28° for angle between the IL’s displacement direction and the vertical direction, 1.1 per ms for pulse rate, 179 m for vertical step length and 224 m for 3-D step length. All the IL properties follow lognormal distributions. Strong monotonic relationships of IL duration with speed and pulse rate and pulse rate with speed and step length are revealed. With increasing initiation altitude, IL duration and step length tend to increase, and IL speed and pulse rate tend to decrease. The ILs initiated at approximately the −20 ℃ isotherm are more vertically orientated on average than those initiated at lower or higher levels. The ILs initiated in the strong kinematic areas generally had a greater speed and pulse rate but smaller duration, distance and step length relative to those initiated in the weak kinematic areas. The possible impacts of the charge distribution patterns and density on the IL properties in different types of thunderstorms or thunderstorm areas are discussed.</p>
Data from "Comprehensive observations of the wire destruction and plasma channel reestablishment process during the initial stage of triggered lightning"
<p>The attached is the dataset assoicated with the paper titled "Comprehensive observations of the wire destruction and plasma channel reestablishment process during the initial stage of triggered lightning" which was submitted to <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> . The data can be used freely for scientific purposes with appropriate citation.</p>
Continuous Initial Breakdown Development of In-cloud Lightning Flashes
<p>The data contained in the MATLAB .fig files support the manuscript submitted to JGR-Atmospheres titled "Continuous Initial Breakdown Development of In-cloud Lightning Flashes".</p>
Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Lightning Initiation Processes Imaged with VHF Broadband Interferometer
<p>This spreadsheet contains the details of the lightning events analyzed in this study, including the date, time, INTF mapping information, NLDN-reported information, and the positions and location errors referred from the combined analysis of the INTF and NLDN reports. </p> <p> </p>
Simulation data output used in Griffiths and Phelps lightning initiation model, revisited
<p>Simulation data output used in the paper titled "Griffiths and Phelps Lightning Initiation Model, Revisited" submitted for publication in JGR by A. Attanasio, P. R. Krehbiel, and C. L. da Silva.</p> <p>The model simulates the collective dynamics of a system of positive streamers using the framework first proposed by Griffiths and Phelps [1976]. The README.txt file contains details about the data structure.</p> <p>C. L. da Silva, Jan/29/2019</p>
Self-organized transport model of spark discharge development and its application to the process of lightning initiation in a thundercloud
<p>This video visualizes results obtained by a small-scale transport model of electrical discharge formation in a thundercloud. The model discharge tree is a dynamic graph, nodes and edges of which are capacitive and conductive elements, respectively, electrical parameters of which vary with time. In the framework of the used approach, a heated well-conducting lightning leader channel is formed by combining the currents of tens of thousands of streamers, each of which initially has a negligible conductivity and a temperature, which does not differ from the ambient value. The model leader has electrical characteristics, which are intermediate between the laboratory long spark and the developed lightning channel, which is expected for an “immature” lightning leader.</p>
Visualization of the process of lightning initiation in a thundercloud via coalescence of multiple simultaneously developing bipolar streamer/leader systems
<p>This movie visualizes the evolution of 3D streamer / hot-channel systems at 6 km altitude in a uniform upward directed electric field, the magnitude of which is equal to 65 kV/m. Positive and negative streamer channels are shown in green and gray, respectively. Red channels indicate hot leader sections with conductivity exceeding 1 S/m. All three axes are labeled in meters.</p>
Characterizing radio frequency magnetic radiation of initial upward leader in triggered lightning with interferometric lightning mapping
<p>The operation bandwidth of magnetic field sensor with high sensitivity was extended to 1.2 MHz during the triggered lightning experiment of Field Experiment Base on Lightning Sciences, China Meteorological Administration (CMA-FEBLS) in Conghua, Guangdong Province during summer of 2019. Measurements with the new magnetic fields reveal the presence of microsecond-scale magnetic pulses during the entire duration of upward positive leaders (UPL), including the quiet stage when few signals can be discerned in previous observations, which indicates that the UPL propagates in a step-wise manner during the initial stage of triggered lightning. Synchronous observations from the broadband VHF interferometer shows that the VHF radiation corresponds to the onset of individual magnetic pulses, indicating that the VHF signals are radiated by the breakdown processes of individual stepping, and these breakdown events launch the meter-scale current pulses as the radiation source of each magnetic pulse.</p>
Visualization of the process of lightning initiation in a thundercloud
<p>This movie visualizes the evolution of 3D streamer / hot-channel systems at 6.5 km altitude in a uniform upward directed electric field, whose magnitude is equal to 70 kV/m. Low-conductivity channels of positive and negative polarity are shown in green and gray, respectively. Channel segments with conductivities higher than 1 S/m (assumed to be “hot”) are shown in red. All three axes are labeled in meters.</p>
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