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Figure 9 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 9. Schematic diagram illustrating the genesis of the dykes and their sediments in the Rösenbeck quarry. (a) Early Late Devonian: end of reef limestone sedimentation. (b) Late Devonian to Tournaisian: collapse of the carbonate platform, formation of fissures and dykes. (c) Late Tournaisian to Viséan: accumulation of carbonates on top of the reef ruin, widening of the dykes. (d) Late Viséan: begin of filling of the dykes by shales. (e) Latest Viséan to early Serpukhovian: transport of eroded sediment blocks from the top of the reef ruin into the dykes. (f) Serpukhovian to Recent: complete filling of the dykes with mud, erosion of the reef complex.

Figure 8 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 8. Chondrichthyan teeth from the Early Carboniferous dyke sediments of Rösenbeck. (a–c) Thrinacodus cf. gracia (Grogan and Lund, 2008). A, C, in lingual views, sample C; B, in lingual view, sample C. (d)?Squatinactis sp., in occlusal (D1), lingual (D2), and labial (D3) views, sample C. (e–j) Denaea cf. fournieri Pruvost, 1922, in lingual (E1, F1, G1, H2, I1, J1), occlusal (E2, F2, G2, I2, J2), and labial (E3, F3, G3, H1, I3) views, sample C. (k) Holocephali gen. et sp. indet. in lingual view, sample C. Scale bars: 0.4 mm.

Figure 7 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 7. Conodonts from the Early Carboniferous dyke sediments of Rösenbeck. (a) Gnathodus girtyi girtyi Haas, 1953, sample C. (b) Lochriea commutata (Branson and Mehl, 1941), sample C. (c) Lochriea nodosa (Bischoff, 1957), sample C. (d) Gnathodus praebilineatus Belka, 1985, sample E. (e) Gnathodus bilineatus Roundy, 1926, sample E. (f) "Gnathodus"homopunctatus (Ziegler, 1960), sample E. (g) Lochriea nodosa (Bischoff, 1957), sample F. (h) Gnathodus bilineatus Roundy, 1926, sample F. (i) Gnathodus girtyi girtyi Haas, 1953, sample F. (j) Gnathodus girtyi girtyi Haas, 1953, sample F. (k) Gnathodus bilineatus Roundy, 1926, sample H. (l) "Gnathodus"homopunctatus (Ziegler, 1960), sample H.

Figure 5 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 5. Carbonate microfacies of selected samples from the Rösenbeck quarry; all ×2. A – Middle Devonian reef limestone; B–F – Early Carboniferous dyke sediments. (a) Sample A: Stromatopora–Tabulata rudstone. Bioclast- and lithoclast-supported facies with fragments of stromatoporoids, tabulate corals (Thamnopora), and fragments of rugose corals and bivalves without preferred orientation. (b) Sample B: ammonoid packstone. Densely packed fragments of ammonoids within micritic matrix; some areas are filled with pseudosparite. Bioclast voids are filled with sparry calcite and displaying geopetal orientation. Ammonoids of various sizes from the initial stage (1 mm in diameter) up to 20 mm (but then fragmentary) are packed without preferred orientation. Numerous mollusc shell fragments (probably also mostly from ammonoids); less abundant are remains of ostracods, trilobites, and foraminifera. (c) Sample C: thin section with two successive carbonate facies. The lower part is a mollusc packstone with micritic matrix in which particularly small ammonoids up to 2 mm diameter are present; larger specimens are fragmented. Separated by a sharp boundary follows (in the upper part of the thin section) an ammonoid rudstone with densely packed ammonoids up to approximately 8 mm conch diameter. (d) Sample C: densely packed bioclastic and lithoclastic packstone with strongly fragmented mollusc shells and well-rounded clasts of phosphoritic nodules up to 10 mm length. Further biogens include ostracods, foraminifera, and conodonts. (e) Sample E: mollusc packstone with micritic matrix, which in some places is replaced by pseudosparite. Bioclast voids are filled with sparry calcite and show geopetal orientation. Most of the bioclasts are probably ammonoid shell remains; only one specimen is rather well preserved with internal whorls (Calygirtyoceras sp.). Further biogens are orthoconic cephalopods, ostracods, and trilobites. (f) Sample G: wackestone with occasionally occurring ammonoid conchs.

Figure 6 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 6. Stratigraphic column for the Viséan with the ammonoid stratigraphy and the presumed positions of the samples (timescale after Korn and Kaufmann, 2009).

Figure 4 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 4. Polished slab of sample E showing a breccia structure with various carbonate and phosphorite components; ×1.

Figure 2 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 2. Examples of neptunian dykes in the Middle Devonian limestone in the Rösenbeck quarry. (a) Funnel-shaped dyke largely filled with debris and mud. (b) Cave-like dyke filled with Early Carboniferous shales.

Figure 3 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 3. The position of the studied samples in the outcrop at the south-eastern margin of the limestone quarry. Sample A is from the top of the Middle Devonian reef limestone, and samples B to G are Early Carboniferous dyke sediments.

Figure 1 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 1. Geological map of the Brilon Syncline (after Bär, 1968) with the position of the Rösenbeck locality (marked by a star) at the eastern margin of the Brilon carbonate complex.

Fig. 2 in Facies Associations And Microfossils From The Middle-Upper Triassic Limestones Of The Transilvanian Nappes (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Fig. 2 Outcrop images and location of the studied olistoliths [a, b: outcrops - of the Old Racoș Quarry; c location of the studied olistoliths and position of the most important topographic elements (A-Old Racoș Quarry and Olt Gorges section, samples 1-31 and 32-100; B-Tipia Racoșului section, samples 101-171; C-Tipia Ormenișului section, samples 172-220); d General view over the Tipia Racoșului Hill (black rectangle); e General view of the Olt Gorges and Tipia Ormenișului Hill (black rectangle).

Fig. 5 in Facies Associations And Microfossils From The Middle-Upper Triassic Limestones Of The Transilvanian Nappes (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Fig. 5 Microproblematic organisms from the Triassic limestones of the studied area. a Bacinella ordinata Pantić. b Tubiphytes sp. c Plexoramea cerebriformis Mello. d Perturbatacrusta leini Schlagintweit & Gawlick. e Radiomura cautica Senowbari-Daryan & Scheffer. f Taumathoporella parvovesiculifera (Raineri). g Ladinella porata Ott. h Baccanella floriformis Pantić. i Rivularia sp. j "Solenopora" sp. a: sample 52, Olt Gorges section; b: sample 90, Olt Gorges section; c: sample 38, Olt Gorges section; d: sample 74, Olt Gorges section; e: sample 143, Tipia Racoșuluai section; f: sample 39, Olt Gorges section; g: sample 47, Olt Gorges section; h: sample 75, Olt Gorges section. Scale bar: a-c, e-h: 0.25 mm; d, i-j: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 1 a in Facies Associations And Microfossils From The Middle-Upper Triassic Limestones Of The Transilvanian Nappes (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Fig. 1 a Geological map of the studied area and location of studied sections [(A-Olt Gorges section and the Old Racoș Quarry; B-Tipia Racoșului section; C-Tipia Ormenișului section) (redrawn from Popescu et al., 1976)]; b Olistoliths from the Perșani Mountains and their relationship with other sedimentary units (redrawn from Patrulius et al., 1996) (not at scale); c Carbonate successions of the Triassic deposits from the olistoliths belonging to the Perșani and Olt nappes (Hăghimaș, Surmanu and Pietrele lui Murgoci sections) (redrawn from Patrulius et al., 1996); d Distribution of the olistoliths on the teritory of the central and northern Perșani Mountains (redrawn from Patrulius et al., 1996).

Fig. 4 in Facies Associations And Microfossils From The Middle-Upper Triassic Limestones Of The Transilvanian Nappes (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Fig. 4 Foraminifera from the Triassic limetones of the studied area. a Endotriadella wirzi Koehn-Zaninetti; b Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-Devidé & Pantić; c Duostominid foraminifera; d Turriglomina mesotriasica Koehn-Zaninetti; e Endoteba sp; f Endotriada sp.; g, l Paleolituonella sp.; h, i Ophtalmidium sp; j Nodosariid foraminifera; k Earlandia sp. a: sample 20, Old Racoș Quarry; b: sample 19B, Old Racoș Quarry; c: sample 9, Old Racoș Quarry; d: sample 219, Tipia Ormenișului section; e: sample 40, Olt Gorges section; f: sample 44, Olt Gorges section; g, h: sample 183, Tipia Ormenișului section; i: sample 52, Olt Gorges section; j: sample 39, Olt Gorges section; k: sample 19c, Old Racoș Quarry; l: sample 118, Tipia Racoșului section. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.

Fig. 3 a in Facies Associations And Microfossils From The Middle-Upper Triassic Limestones Of The Transilvanian Nappes (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Fig. 3 a Boundstone with peloidal packstone-grainstone internal sediment. Corals are encrusted by Tubiphytes sp (yellow arrows); b Sponge bioconstruction with Solenolmia manon manon. The internal sediment contains encrusting organisms (Tubiphytes sp.-red arrow, Ladinella porata-yellow arrow); c Brecciated intraclastic peloidal rudstone with encrusting organism (Tubiphytes sp.-yellow arrow); d Bioclastic grainstone with encrusting organisms; e Dolomitized wackestone-packstone. It contains abundant cyanobacteria nodules (Rivularia sp.-yellow arrow), bivalves and gastropods. Euhedral dolomite crystals are present within the micritic sediment; f Dolomitized wackestone-packstone with cyanobacteria nodules and black pebble type intrasclasts; g Fenestral wackestone-packstone with cyanobacteria (Rivularia sp.), fragments of "Solenopora" sp. and bivalves. Millimetre sized fenestral structures (white arrows) contain vadose silt and geopetal sediment. Meniscus micrite is present between peloids and other intraclasts; h Fenestral wackestone with black pebbles (yellow arrows). It contains rare bivalves and cyanobacteria nodules. The fenestral structures contain vadose silt and geopetal sediment. a: sample 80, Olt Gorges section; b: sample 77, Olt Gorges section; c: sample 55, Olt Gorges section; d: sample 30, Old Racoș Quarry; e, f: sample 173, Tipia Ormenișului section; g: sample 174, Tipia Ormenișului section; h: sample 175, Tipia Or-

Fig. 6 in Facies Associations And Microfossils From The Middle-Upper Triassic Limestones Of The Transilvanian Nappes (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Fig. 6 Sponges from the Triassic limestones of the studied area. a,b Solenolmia manon manon (Münster). c Celyphia zoldana Ott, Pisa & Farabegoli. d Colospongia catenulata catenulata Ott. a: sample 13, Olt Gorges section; b: sample 77, Olt Gorges section; c-sample 103, Tipia Racoșului section; d: sample 195, Tipia Ormenișului section. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 127 in The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany)

Fig. 127. Eocanites planus (Schindewolf, 1926) from the Oberrödinghausen railway cutting. A. Lateral view and dorsal reconstruction of neotype GPIT-PV-64009 (Vöhringer Coll.) from bed 1. B. Suture line of specimen GPIT-PV-63990 (Vöhringer Coll.) from an unknown bed, at ww = 6.2 mm, wh = 7.0 mm. Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Fig. 120 in The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany)

Fig. 120. Eocanites nodosus (Schmidt, 1925) from the Oberrödinghausen railway cutting. A. Cross section of specimen MB.C.31234.2 (Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.) from bed 3d1b. B. Suture line of specimen GPIT-PV-63968 from bed 3d, at dm = 18.6 mm, ww = 5.5 mm, wh = 5.5 mm. C. Growth line course of specimen GPIT-PV-63968 from bed 3d, at dm = 22.5 mm, ww = 6.4 mm, wh = 6.9 mm. D–F. Ontogenetic development of the conch width index (ww/dm), umbilical width index (uw/dm), whorl width index (ww/wh) and whorl expansion rate (WER) of selected specimens. Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Fig. 114 in The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany)

Fig. 114. Pseudarietites subtilis Vöhringer, 1960 from the Oberrödinghausen railway cutting.A. Specimen MB.C.31221 (Korn 1977 Coll.), bed unknown. B. Cross section of paratype GPIT-PV-63959 (Vöhringer Coll.) from bed 3c. C. Growth line course of holotype GPIT-PV-63984 (Vöhringer Coll.) from bed 3c, at dm = 26.5 mm, ww = 8.1 mm, wh = 8.6 mm. D –F. Ontogenetic development of the conch width index (ww/dm), umbilical width index (uw/dm), whorl width index (ww/wh) and whorl expansion rate (WER) of selected specimens. Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Fig. 113 in The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany)

Fig. 113. Pseudarietites subtilis Vöhringer, 1960 from the Oberrödinghausen railway cutting, both Vöhringer Coll. A. Holotype GPIT-PV-63984 from bed 3c. B. Paratype GPIT-PV-63986 from bed 3c. Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Fig. 110. Pseudarietites westfalicus Schmidt, 1924 in The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany)

Fig. 110. Pseudarietites westfalicus Schmidt, 1924 from the Oberrödinghausen railway cutting, holotype BGRB X5716 (Schmidt Coll.), bed unknown. Reproduction of the figure by Schmidt (1924: pl. 8 fig. 12) and photographs. Scale bar units = 1 mm.