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12 results for “litter consumption”
Effects of leaf litter traits on terrestrial isopod and millipede consumption, assimilation and growth
<ol> <li>Nutrient cycling through leaf litter consumption is an essential ecological function performed by macrodetritivorous invertebrates such as isopods and millipedes. Leaf litter consumption rates can vary greatly depending on the environment, consumer identity, and litter traits, but generalizations about the effects of plant traits on macrodetritivore leaf litter consumption, assimilation and growth are not well established and mostly indirectly inferred.</li> <li>We conducted a systematic search of the global literature and obtained 456 standardized measures from laboratory experiments of relative consumption (RCR), assimilation (RAR) and growth (RGR) rates of terrestrial isopods and millipedes, extracted from 56 different articles. We investigated if commonly measured leaf traits, plant functional groups, prior microbial conditioning of leaves, and climatic conditions affected these rates. We obtained data on commonly measured leaf traits from the TRY global plant trait database, inferred plant functional groups from taxonomic groupings, and obtained climatic data from information reported within articles.</li> <li>RCR, RAR and RGR varied greatly among macrodetritivore and plant species, but overall, there were no differences between isopods and millipedes. Microbial conditioning of litter greatly increased RCR. Plant functional group was an important predictor of RCR, with eudicot trees and forbs being consumed in greater quantities than magnoliid trees and grasses. Fresh leaf N:P ratio had a positive effect on RAR, and leaf N and C:N ratio had positive and negative effects on RGR respectively, while climatic variables had weak effects on the three rates.</li> <li>Our work shows that plant traits (both those associated with plant functional groups and commonly measured leaf traits) exert strong effects on resource processing rates by terrestrial macrodetritivores. Further, prior microbial conditioning of leaf litter has a large and globally consistent positive effect on macrodetritivore litter consumption, suggesting that they may consume little, if any, freshly senesced leaf material when microbially conditioned litter is available. Our results suggest that, where extremes of temperature or precipitation do not occur, variables reflective of food quality (leaf traits and microbe conditioning) are more important drivers of macrodetritivore leaf litter consumption than are extrinsic climatic variables.</li> </ol>
Litter consumption by macrodetritivores depends more on mechanical than on nutritional constraints
<p>Ecosystem functions greatly depend on trophic interactions between consumers and their resources. Resource consumption depends on ingestion, digestion, and allocation processes. Mechanical constraints are expected to influence ingestion, while metabolic and nutritional constraints are expected to influence allocation. Leaf litter are resources presenting a high mechanical and nutritional heterogeneity that depends on plant identity and on physical and microbial processing over the course of decomposition. Litter consumption by detritivores is known to depend on metabolic and nutritional constraints but the importance of mechanical constraints is yet unknown. After accounting for metabolic constraints on consumption rate, we tested the relative importance of mechanical and nutritional constraints in explaining litter consumption rates by detritivores. For this, we exposed 16 leaf treatments (8 leaf species either just leached or leached and microbially conditioned) to 4 aquatic and 5 terrestrial detritivore taxa in laboratory no-choice consumption experiments. We investigated two mechanical constraints: grabbing and fragmenting the resource, by measuring suitable couples of mechanical traits for both litter and detritivores. We also investigated four nutritional constraints related to N, P, K, and Ca contents in both detritivores and litter. For each constraint, we also tested if trait matching significantly contribute to explain consumption. Our analysis revealed that both mechanical and nutritional constraints are influencing mass-independent consumption rate but that mechanical constraints predominate over nutritional constraints. Litter fragmentation, studied through litter toughness and detritivore biting force, was especially important to explain consumption rate. Nutritional constraints were dominated by P constraints. Trait-matching had very weak importance and was significant only for P constraints. Our findings highlight the importance of mechanical constraints for litter consumption by detritivores.</p>
Litter consumption by macrodetritivores depends more on mechanical than on nutritional constraints
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Effects of leaf litter traits on terrestrial isopod and millipede consumption, assimilation and growth
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Data from: Differential resource consumption in leaf litter mixtures by native and non-native amphipods
Leaf litter processing is an essential ecosystem function in freshwater systems, since much of the carbon and nutrients moving through freshwater food webs come from the surrounding terrestrial ecosystems. Thus, it is important to understand how the species performing this function differ, especially because many native species are being replaced by non-native species in aquatic ecosystems. We used a field experiment to examine leaf consumption rates of two common shredding macroinvertebrates (the native Gammarus fossarum and the non-native Gammarus roeselii). Leaves from three species, varying in resource quality, were added both in leaf monocultures and as a three-species mixture. Biomass-adjusted daily consumption rates were similar between the two amphipod species, and each consumed nitrogen-rich alder leaves faster than oak or beech leaves. However, because adult G. roeselii are approximately twice the size of G. fossarum, this led to systematic, though nonsignificant, differences in consumption rates at the per-capita or population level. Furthermore, we found nuanced effects of decomposer identity on leaf decomposition in mixtures. Only G. roeselii showeding increased consumption of the preferred resource (alder) in the mixture, while G. fossarum consumed all leaves at the same proportional rates as in monocultures. This is an important distinction, as most measures of macroinvertebrate leaf shredding are made in the laboratory with only a single leaf resource available. Our results, based on a field experiment which could control the presence of dominant macroinvertebrates while still providing natural, biologically realistic context, suggests that even functionally-similar species may subtly shift ecosystem processes.
Data from: Differential resource consumption in leaf litter mixtures by native and non-native amphipods
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Data from: Phenotypic determinants of inter-individual variability of litter consumption rate in a detritivore population
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Figure 3 from: Vilisics F, Szekeres S, Hornung E (2012) Size dependent differences in litter consumption of isopods: preliminary results. ZooKeys 176: 247-259. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2470
Figure 3 - Effects of leaf litter positioning (abaxial up vs. abaxial down) on litter consumption of two isopod species. Note the different scaling of y axes. Legend: P. pruinosus: Porcellionides pruinosus; P. scaber: Porcellio scaber; Adaxial = adaxial side up; Abaxial = abaxial side up; Thick line = median; box = lower and upper quartiles; whisker = min. and max values.
Figure 2 from: Vilisics F, Szekeres S, Hornung E (2012) Size dependent differences in litter consumption of isopods: preliminary results. ZooKeys 176: 247-259. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2470
Figure 2 - Schematic figure of a microcosm showing dimensions of the transparent plastic container and the plaster layer underneath.
Figure 1 from: Vilisics F, Szekeres S, Hornung E (2012) Size dependent differences in litter consumption of isopods: preliminary results. ZooKeys 176: 247-259. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2470
Figure 1 - Patterns of litter degradation by Porcellio scaber size classes on poplar litter. A=small (0.2-0.5 mm in length), B=medium (0.7 – 10 mm), C=large (10 – 15 mm) isopods.
Figure 4 from: Vilisics F, Szekeres S, Hornung E (2012) Size dependent differences in litter consumption of isopods: preliminary results. ZooKeys 176: 247-259. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2470
Figure 4 - Freshly fallen poplar litter consumption of three size classes of Porcellio scaber and Porcellionides pruinosus. Legend: Thick line = median; box = lower and upper quartiles; whisker= min. and max values; open circles: outliers.
Data from: Phenotypic determinants of inter-individual variability of litter consumption rate in a detritivore population
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