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13 results for “litter loss”
Consequences of non-random tree species loss on litter mass loss, nutrient dynamics, carbon cycling, and decomposer communities across a terrestrial-aquatic interface at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, Otto, NC
Although litter decomposition is a fundamental ecological process, most of our understanding comes from studies of single-species decay. Recently, litter-mixing studies have tested whether monoculture data can be applied to mixed-litter systems. These studies have mainly attempted to detect non-additive effects of litter mixing, which address potential consequences of random species loss. The focus is not on which species are lost, but the decline in diversity per se. Under global change, species loss is likely to be non-random, with some species more vulnerable to extinction than others. Under such scenarios, the effects of individual species (additivity) as well as of species interactions (non-additivity) on decomposition rates are of interest. To examine potential impacts of non-random species loss on ecosystems, we studied additive and non-additive effects of litter mixing on decomposition. A full-factorial litterbag experiment was conducted using four deciduous leaf species, from which mass loss and nitrogen content were measured. Data were analysed using a statistical approach that first looks for additive identity effects based on the presence or absence of species and then significant species interactions occurring beyond those. It partitions non-additive effects into those caused by richness and or composition.
Aggregate mesquite litter mass-loss following soil-mixing and decomposition in a semi-arid grassland at the Jornada Basin LTER, 2010-2012
This package contains litter mass loss data from a litter decomposition experiment at the Jornada Basin LTER. To assess the role of soil-litter mixing (SLM) in aridland litter decomposition, litterbags were deployed in the Chihuahuan Desert and interrelationships between vegetation structure, SLM, and rates of decomposition were quantified. To assess the role of vegetation structure, litterbags were deployed in contrasting vegetation microsites, including grass, shrub, and bare ground microsites. This dataset contains the mass-loss data (including ash-corrections) from the experiment. This study is complete.
Plant litter loss exacerbates drought influences on grasslands
<p><span>Plant litter is known to affect soil, community, and ecosystem properties. However, we know little about the capacity of litter to modulate grassland responses to climate change. Using a 7-year litter removal experiment in a semiarid grassland, here we examined how litter removal interacts with consecutive droughts to affect soil environments, plant community composition, and ecosystem function. Litter loss exacerbates the negative impacts of drought on grasslands. </span><span>L</span><span>itter removal increased soil temperature but reduced soil moisture and nitrogen mineralization, which substantially increased the negative impacts of drought on primary productivity and the abundance of perennial rhizomatous graminoids. Moreover, complete litter removal shifted plant community composition from grass-dominated to forb-dominated, and reduced species and functional group asynchrony, resulting in lower ecosystem temporal stability. Our results suggest that ecological processes that lead to reduction in litter, such as burning, grazing, and haying, may render ecosystems more vulnerable and impair the capacity of grasslands to withstand drought events.</span></p>
Bryosphere loss impairs litter decomposition consistently across moss species, litter types, and micro-arthropod abundance
<p>The bryosphere (i.e., ground mosses and their associated biota) is a key driver of nutrient and carbon dynamics in many terrestrial ecosystems, in part because it regulates litter decomposition. However, we have a poor understanding of how litter decomposition responds to changes in the bryosphere, including changes in bryosphere cover, moss species, and bryosphere-associated biota. Specifically, the contribution of micro-arthropods to litter decomposition in the bryosphere is unclear. Here, we used a 16-month litterbag field experiment in two boreal forests to investigate bryosphere effects on litter decomposition rates among two moss species (<i>Pleurozium schreberi</i> and <i>Hylocomium splendens</i>), and two litter types (higher-quality <i>Betula pendula</i> litter and lower-quality <i>P. schreberi</i> litter). Additionally, we counted all micro-arthropods in the litterbags and identified them to functional groups. We found that bryosphere removal reduced litter decomposition rates by 28% and micro-arthropod abundance by 29%, and led to a colder micro-climate. Litter decomposition rates and micro-arthropod abundance were uncorrelated overall, but were positively correlated in <i>B. pendula</i> litterbags. Bryosphere effects on litter decomposition rates were consistent across moss species, litter types, and micro-arthropod abundances and community compositions. These findings suggest that micro-arthropods play a minor role in litter decomposition in the boreal forest floor, suggesting that other factors (e.g., micro-climate, nutrient availability) likely drive the positive effect of the bryosphere on decomposition rates. Our results point to a substantial and consistent impairment of litter decomposition in response to loss of moss cover, which could have important implications for nutrient and carbon cycling in moss-dominated ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Biotic and abiotic modifications of leaf litter during dry periods affect litter mass loss and nitrogen loss during wet periods
1. Decomposition of organic matter in semiarid ecosystems is a key component of the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle. The well-known inaccuracies in predicting litter decay in water-limited regions were lessened by considering solar radiation as an abiotic decay driver of photodegradation. Moreover, exposure to high solar irradiance in dry periods often led to massive facilitation of litter decay in subsequent wet periods ("photoacceleration"), though in many studies this effect was absent. 2. Recently, water vapor and dew were identified as modulators enabling substantial microbial degradation during rainless periods. Here we asked, (i) if the activity of microorganisms modifies litter traits, such as litter quality and microbial community in dry periods, consequently altering the loss of litter mass and nitrogen (N) in wet periods, and (ii) whether it can co-occur with photoacceleration. 3. By successively introducing litter to the field at the beginning and the end of the dry season, we found that microbial activity during the dry season affected litter mass and N loss during the wet season. Low microbial activity in the dry season led to inhibition of mass loss in the wet season, while high microbial activity led to facilitation of mass loss. Microbial activity during the dry season also caused strong inhibition of N loss from litter during the wet season, likely by enhancing the dry-season N loss. A microclimate manipulation experiment using radiation filters showed that microbial activity and exposure to solar radiation jointly modified the litter during the dry season and affected subsequent decay in the wet season. 4. Knowledge of biotic and abiotic modifications of litter during dry periods and their implication for wet periods enhances our understanding of litter decay in semiarid regions. Furthermore, it can improve biogeochemical model predictions of C and N cycling in
Bryosphere loss impairs litter decomposition consistently across moss species, litter types, and micro-arthropod abundance
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Data from: Predator density outweighs experimental warming effects on short-term carbon and nitrogen loss from arctic shrub litter
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Data from: Biotic and abiotic modifications of leaf litter during dry periods affect litter mass loss and nitrogen loss during wet periods
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Plant litter loss exacerbates drought influences on grasslands
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Impacts of urbanization and nutrient fertilization on mass loss and nutrient dynamics during photodegradation of plant litter
To understand the potential impacts of N deposition on mass loss and chemical dynamics during aridland decomposition, we assessed N and phosphorus (P) dynamics of decomposing litter in a long-term N+P enrichment experiment in both urban (with N deposition) and outlying areas (without N deposition) of the Sonoran Desert. Litter was decomposed with and without UV radiation for 9 months, measuring mass loss, litter chemistry, and bacterial biomass. UV radiation significantly accelerated mass loss and altered N and P dynamics, and there was an impact of the urban environment and experimental fertilization on nutrient dynamics. Overall, these patterns suggest that the aridland urban environment, where rates of N deposition are elevated, alters nutrient dynamics during decomposition but not the fraction of litter lost to photodegradation.
Stronger effect of litter quality than microorganisms on leaf and root litter C and N loss at different decomposition stages following a subtropical land use change
<p>Litter decomposition contributes largely to global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, and it is strongly determined by litter quality and microbial community composition in ways that are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a 2-year field litter decomposition experiment by collecting leaf and root litter of crops (from cropland), shrubs (from shrubland), and wood (from woodland) and placing samples for decomposition in woodland soil in central China to investigate the effects of litter quality and microbial community composition on C and N loss of leaf and root litter of three species under different decomposition stages. Our results showed that the leaf litter C and N losses of shrubs were significantly higher than those of crops and wood, whereas the root litter C and N losses of crops were significantly higher than those of shrubs and wood. Generally, the leaf litter C and N losses of the three species were higher on average than those of fine root litter under the whole decomposition period. For the C loss of the three species, litter lignin and phosphorus as well as initial litter quality were predominant drivers of root litter decomposition, while litter lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose concentrations were dominant for leaf litter decomposition. For N loss, litter stoichiometry and litter quality directly governed leaf and root litter N loss, and the initial litter quality largely regulated N loss at the late decomposition stage. Unexpectedly, the effect of microbial community composition on litter C and N loss was relatively weak and only exhibited an effect on litter C and N loss during the early stage of decomposition. Thus, our results revealed the huge disparity in C and N loss of plant species and litter types at different decomposition stages, which should be considered jointly when evaluating their roles in plant-soil feedbacks under global land use change.</p>
Mass loss and nutrient release during the decomposition of sixteen types of plant litter with contrasting quality under three precipitation regimes
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Stronger effect of litter quality than microorganisms on leaf and root litter C and N loss at different decomposition stages following a subtropical land use change
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