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12 results for “litter manipulation”
Autumnal Litter Input in DIRT Litter Manipulation Experiment at Harvard Forest 2008
Climate change will alter forest ecosystem productivity, changing the quantity and quality of detrital inputs to soil and altering rates of soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation and stabilization. To examine changes in forest soil SOM pools, we have used the Detritus Input and Removal Treatments (DIRT) Project to alter organic matter input rates and sources (roots, leaves) to soils, allowing us to measure contributions of organic matter sources to long-term SOM storage at five temperate forests (Harvard Forest, HJ Andrews, Bousson (PA) Experimental Forest (BEF), U. Michigan Biological Station (UMBS), Síkfokut ILTER, Hungary). Organic matter inputs are altered by excluding or adding leaf inputs, or by excluding roots from forested plots. Soil respiration partitioning at HF, BEF, and UMBS shows that soil fertility controls the allocation of C to above- and belowground tissue. At UMBS, glacial outwash sandy soils are extremely low in N, and C released from root respiration plus root litter decomposition is 87% of total soil respiration. Conversely, at the N-rich BEF site, total belowground sources of CO2 are only 61% of soil respiration, with 47% attributed to root litter. These data suggest that at BEF, leaf litter, comprising only 39% of soil respiration, would be a more important source of long-term SOM than root litter. However, soil chemistry and radiocarbon data have shown us that long-term soil C storage is complex. The year 2010 represents the 20-year anniversary of the initiation of DIRT treatments at the Harvard Forest (2010), and we are therefore planning to conduct systematic sampling campaigns for a comprehensive study of changes in SOM quality after long-term manipulation of inputs. One objective is to quantify how 20 years of litter input alterations have affected SOM quantity and quality at the surface (0-20 cm) and deeper in the soil profile (20-100 cm). To uderstand these changes, we need to quantify the quantity and quality of aboveground litter inp
DIRT Litter Manipulation Experiment at Harvard Forest since 1990
The DIRT Experiment (Detritus Input and Removal Treatments) is a long-term study of controls on soil organic matter formation. Our goal is to assess how rates and sources of plant litter inputs control the accumulation and dynamics of organic matter and nutrients in forest soils over decadal time scales. Results from 11 years of field and laboratory studies demonstrate the relative importance of above- and belowground sources on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics and show emerging long-term non-linear changes in soil carbon release and storage. Treatments established in a mixed hardwood stand in 1990 are: doubling annual aboveground litter (DL), exclusion of aboveground litter (NL), exclusion of root inputs by trenching (NR), and exclusion of aboveground litter and root inputs (NI), on replicated 3m x 3m plots (n=3 for treatments, 6 for controls). The O/A-less treatment, implemented in 1991, tracks the recovery of impoverished soil by replacing O and A horizon soil with B horizon material and allowing normal litter inputs thereafter. Comparison of data among treatments (soil respiration, soil solution chemistry, soil physical and chemical properties, and microfaunal and microbial community structure) allows us to determine the contributions of live roots, above-ground litter, and belowground detritus to SOM and nutrient dynamics in this forest soil. Similar experiments in Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Oregon, and Hungarian forests provide information on these processes across climate and soil texture gradients. First-year soil respiration results from the Harvard Forest DIRT plots showed that live root respiration, production of aboveground litter (leaf, twig, other fine litter) and fine root detritus each constitute about one-third of C inputs to soil. Soil respiration is influenced more by root inputs than aboveground litter in this forest. CO2 efflux from root-excluded soils (NR, NI) declined to 32% of controls over the first 11 years of treatments as soil C became mo
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Litter Manipulation study, 2021-2023
Declining nitrogen (N) availability relative to plant demand, known as N oligotrophication, is a widespread phenomenon that has been particularly well documented in northern hardwood forests of the northeast U.S. It is hypothesized that later fall senescence contributes to this trend by increasing tree resorption of N, resulting in higher carbon:nitrogen ratios (C:N) in litterfall and reduced N availability in soil. To examine the effects of litterfall C:N on soil N cycling, we conducted a litter quality manipulation experiment comparing low C:N and high C:N litter with native litter along an elevation and aspect gradient at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA. We found that potential net ammonification and mineralization rates were positively correlated with litter N and negatively correlated with litter C:N under high C:N litter, but these relationships were not present under native or low C:N litter. Differences in nitrate pools and net mineralization rates between high- and low-quality litter treatments were greater at colder sites where native litterfall tends to have lower C:N than at low elevation sites. Together, these results demonstrate that higher C:N litter and a warming climate likely contribute to N oligotrophication through effects on microbially driven N cycling rates in organic soils. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Mass, C, N, and lignin from litter decomposed across a shrub gradient and with snow manipulations near Toolik Field Station between 2003 and 2009.
In arctic tundra near Toolik Lake, Alaska, we incubated a common substrate in a snow addition experiment to test whether snow accumulation around arctic deciduous shrubs altered the environment enough to increase litter decomposition rates. We compared the influence of litter quality on the rate of litter and N loss by decomposing litter from four different plant functional types in a common site. We used aboveground net primary production values and estimated k values from our decomposition experiments to calculate community-weighted mass loss for each site.
Murphy Dome: Moss (Hylocomium splendens) biomass results from a moss transplant and leaf litter manipulation experiment in three pairs of adjacent black spruce and birchs stands.
This dataset contains moss (Hylocomium splendens) growth from individual moss shoots within moss transplants in black spruce and paper birch stands. 10 mosses were marked with PVC beads in June 2013 and then each moss segment was measured in the field in June and September of 2013, 2014 and June and August 2015. All samples were harvested in 2015 and their dry weights were calculated. Moss biomass from other time periods were estimated using allometric equations. The data was collected in three blocks (A, B, and C) of adjacent black spruce and paper birch stands at Murphy Dome (access via Cache Creek road).
Murphy Dome: Moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) biomass results from a birch leaf litter and leachates manipulation experiment in a black spruce stand.
This dataset contains moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) growth from individual moss shoots in a black spruce stand. 10 H. splendens and 5 P. schreberi were marked with PVC beads and measured in September 2014 and then each moss segment was measured again August 2015. All samples were harvested in 2015 and their dry weights were calculated. Moss biomass from other time periods were estimated using allometric equations. The data was collected in the spruce stands of block A only at Murphy Dome (access via Cache Creek road).
Murphy Dome: Covariates measured on the sampling units of moss (Hylocomium splendens) from a moss transplant and leaf litter manipulation experiment in three pairs of adjacent black spruce and birchs stands. This data is associated to the file MD_MossBiomass_2013-2015.xlsx
This data contains sampling unit level variables associated with the moss measurements from MD_MossBiomass_2013-2015.txt. It include the percent cover of leaf litter through time, fungus cover in 2015, moisture in 2015, and percent openness of the tree canopy measured in July 2014.
Murphy Dome: Moss-associated N-fixation measurements in a moss transplant and leaf litter manipulation experiment in black spruce and paper birch stands
This dataset contains nitrogen fixation measurements from the moss transplant experiment in the state forest on Murphy Dome (Cache Creek Road). Fixation rates were measured in August 2015 in two moss species: Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi in black spruce and paper birch stands and associated with leaf litter manipulations.
Data from: Short- and long-term effects of litter size manipulation in a small wild-derived rodent
Iteroparous organisms maximise their overall fitness by optimising their reproductive effort over multiple reproductive events. Hence, changes in reproductive effort are expected to have both short- and long-term consequences on parents and their offspring. In laboratory rodents, manipulation of reproductive efforts during lactation have however revealed little short-term reproductive adjustments, suggesting that female laboratory rodents might express maximal rather than optimal levels of reproductive investments as observed in semelparous organisms. Using a litter size manipulation (LSM) experiment in a small wild-derived rodent (the common vole; Microtus arvalis), we show that females altered their reproductive efforts in response to LSM, with females having higher metabolic rates and showing alternative body mass dynamics when rearing an enlarged rather than reduced litter. Those differences in female reproductive effort were nonetheless insufficient to fully match their pups' energy demand, pups being lighter at weaning in enlarged litters. Interestingly, female reproductive effort changes had long-term consequences, with females that had previously reared an enlarged litter being lighter at birth of their subsequent litter and producing lower quality pups. We discuss the significance of using wild-derived animals in studies of reproductive effort optimisation.
Data from: Decomposition of coarse woody debris in a long-term litter manipulation experiment: a focus on nutrient availability
1.The majority of aboveground carbon in tropical forests is stored in wood, which is returned to the atmosphere during decomposition of coarse woody debris. However, the factors controlling wood decomposition have not been experimentally manipulated over time scales comparable to the length of this process. 2.We hypothesized that wood decomposition is limited by nutrient availability and tested this hypothesis in a long-term litter addition and removal experiment in a lowland tropical forest in Panama. Specifically, we quantified decomposition using a 15 year chronosequence of decaying boles, and measured respiration rates and nutrient limitation of wood decomposer communities. 3.The long-term probability that a dead tree completely decomposed was decreased in plots where litter was removed, but did not differ between litter addition and control treatments. Similarly, respiration rates of wood decomposer communities were greater in control treatments relative to litter removal plots; litter addition treatments did not differ from either of the other treatments. Respiration rates increased in response to nutrient addition (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in the litter removal and addition treatments, but not in the controls. 4.Established decreases in concentrations of soil nutrients in litter removal plots and increased respiration rates in response to nutrient addition suggest that reduced rates of wood decomposition after litter removal were caused by decreased nutrient availability. The effects of litter manipulations differed directionally from a previous short-term decomposition study in the same plots, and reduced rates of bole decomposition in litter removal plots did not emerge until after more than 6 years of decomposition. These differences suggest that litter-mediated effects on nutrient dynamics have complex interactions with decomposition over time.
Data from: Decomposition of coarse woody debris in a long-term litter manipulation experiment: a focus on nutrient availability
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Data from: Short- and long-term effects of litter size manipulation in a small wild-derived rodent
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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