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63 results for “livestock grazing”
CLRD-GLPS: A Long-term Seasonal Dataset of Ruminant Livestock Distribution in China's Grazing Production Systems (2000-2021) Using Stacking-based Interpretable Machine Learning
<p>Advanced computational methods integrating ensemble learning with interpretable machine learning are essential for precision livestock management under increasing environmental constraints and food security pressures. This study develops a novel stacking-based interpretable machine learning (IML) framework that combines multiple algorithms with SHAP analysis techniques to generate the China's Long-term Ruminant Livestock Distribution in Grazing Livestock Production Systems (CLRD-GLPS) dataset. Our computational approach addresses critical challenges in livestock distribution modelling: livestock segmentation and spatial prediction accuracy. The framework integrates Random Forest, XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, and Extra Trees through a two-layer stacking architecture, enhanced with SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) analysis for model interpretability. We also implemented interpretable machine learning for livestock production system segmentation to distinguish grazing from total livestock populations. The stacking ensemble demonstrated superior performance over individual algorithms, achieving R² values of 0.954-0.961 for cattle and 0.896-0.901 for sheep and goats, with improvements of up to 8.3% compared to best performance single-model approaches. Multi-scale validation confirmed computational robustness: livestock segmentation achieved R² = 0.80 at county level, while independent city-level validation of CLRD-GLPS datasets yielded R² = 0.76-0.80. SHAP interpretability analysis revealed distinct environmental drivers, with vegetation indices and topography primarily influencing cattle distribution, while snow conditions and elevation dominated sheep and goat patterns. This computational framework advances livestock distribution modelling through enhanced prediction accuracy, model stability, and interpretability, while the CLRD-GLPS dataset provides essential spatial-temporal information for rangeland sustainability assessments and evidence-based livestock management policies. This dataset is supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP, grant no. 2019QZKK0906).</p>
Figure 3 in Temporal dynamics of invertebrate and aquatic plant communities at three intermittent ponds in livestock grazed Patagonian wetlands
Figure 3. Seasonal variation of total taxa richness (A), mean density (A), and relative contribution of biomass (B) of most abundant groups of aquatic invertebrates at three ponds in a Patagonian wetland (Mallín Crespo) during the study period (May 2008 to April 2009). Livestock stocking period is indicated by the black bar.
Fig. 5 in Value of forest remnants for montane amphibians on the livestock grazed Mount Mbam, Cameroon
Fig. 5. Non-metric dimensional scaling plot of amphibian community structure divided by land use type on Mount Mbam based on visual encounter surveys with equal effort for each land use. The PERMANOVA p-value is shown in the top right corner.
Fig. 4 in Value of forest remnants for montane amphibians on the livestock grazed Mount Mbam, Cameroon
Fig. 4. Montane endemic amphibian species observed in recent surveys of Mount Mbam, West-Region, Cameroon. a) Astylosternus rheophilus, b) Astylosternus montanus, c) Afrixalus aff. fulvovittatus, d) Hyperolius balfouri, e) Hyperolius igbettensis, f) Hyperolius nitidulus, g) Hyperolius concolor, h) Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris, i) Hyperolius tuberculatus, j) Leptopelis nordequatorialis, k) Leptopelis boulengeri, l) Phrynobatrachus steindachneri, m) Xenopus cf. eysoole, n) Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, and o) Sclerophrys maculata.
Fig. 2 in Value of forest remnants for montane amphibians on the livestock grazed Mount Mbam, Cameroon
Fig. 2. Montane habitats of amphibian species observed in recent surveys of Mount Mbam, West-Region, Cameroon: a) gallery forest during the rainy season; b): gallery forest during the dry season after a bushfire; c) savanna area transformed by overgrazing; and d): effects of bushfire started for pasture on the same site during the dry season.
Fig. 1 in Value of forest remnants for montane amphibians on the livestock grazed Mount Mbam, Cameroon
Fig. 1. Maps showing (top) the topography of the Bamenda Highlands, white circle showing Mount Mbam in the West Region of Cameroon; and (bottom) the layout of sample sites on Mount Mbam.
FIG. 3 in Rodents in grassland habitats: does livestock grazing matter? A comparison of two Alpine sites with different grazing histories
FIG. 3. — Rank/abundance plots for the Carex sempervirens (CS) and Dactylis glomerata (DG) pastoral types. Plots are based on data published by Cavallero et al. (2003, 2007) and refer to: A, the pastoral type of the lightly grazed areas (CS type); B, the abandoned, formerly intensively grazed areas (DG type).
FIG. 2 in Rodents in grassland habitats: does livestock grazing matter? A comparison of two Alpine sites with different grazing histories
FIG. 2. — Box and whisker plots showing the median, first and third quartile and the minimum and maximum values for the log of the captured animals in each plot. Outliers are plotted as open circles.
FIG. 1 in Rodents in grassland habitats: does livestock grazing matter? A comparison of two Alpine sites with different grazing histories
FIG. 1. — Simplified land use in the study area overlaid onto a topographic map. Sampling plots were located within the lightly grazed and in the intensively grazed areas. For the latter areas, in particular, plots were located in sites not used by cattle at present. Plot locations are approximate since we could not leave traps unattended between sessions, with the result that, for each session, plots were not exactly in the same locations as the one before.
Sagebrush plant community response to livestock grazing in the context of abiotic variability
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Livestock and kangaroo grazing have little effect on biomass and fuel hazard in semi-arid woodlands
<ol> <li>Using livestock grazing as a tool to manage biomass and reduce fuel hazard has gained widespread popularity, but examples from across the globe demonstrate that it often yields mixed, context-dependent results. Grazing has potential to deliver practical solutions in systems where grazing reduces not only biomass but also reduces fuel hazard by altering vegetation connectivity or composition.</li> <li>We assessed the extent to which recent rainfall, rabbit and kangaroo grazing and recent and historic livestock grazing alters and accounts for variation in above-ground biomass, biomass composition and fuel hazard ratings across three broad communities in eastern Australia. We used nested linear models to assess biomass in three vertical vegetation strata, that matched the strata assessed in the Overall Fuel Hazard Assessment guide (i.e. litter/surface fuel; groundstorey vegetation/near surface fuel; and midstorey vegetation/elevated fuel) and Ordinal Logistic Regression to assess categorical fuel hazard ratings.</li> <li>Only recent kangaroo grazing reduced groundstorey biomass across all communities. Kangaroo grazing altered litter mass and significantly reduced surface fuel hazard in one community. Recent livestock grazing did not reduce fuel hazard, and despite significantly reducing half of our measures of biomass, these were not practical reductions. For instance, livestock grazing significantly reduced litter mass, however our model predicts that doubling our assessment of livestock grazing intensity only reduces total litter mass by 0.8 %, or 8 kg per hectare in landscapes where average litter loads ranged from 3,600 to 12,600 kg per hectare. Furthermore, long-term livestock grazing increased shrub biomass and in one community this increased elevated fuel hazard. There were few effects of rabbits. The effects of rainfall on biomass were up to an order of magnitude greater than any effects due to grazing.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications:</i> Our data suggest that management practices that seek to use livestock grazing to reduce biomass in these systems will not achieve practical reductions in biomass and or fuel hazard.</li> </ol>
Can livestock grazing dampen density dependent fluctuations in wild herbivore populations?
<p>Conservation policy for the high mountains of Asia increasingly recognises the need to encompass large multi-use landscapes beyond the protected area network. Due to limited long-term research in this region, our understanding of even fundamental processes, such as factors regulating large mammal populations is poor.</p> <p>Understanding the factors that regulate animal populations, especially those generating cyclicity, is a long-standing problem in ecology. Long-term research across multiple taxa (mainly from Europe and North America) has focused on the relative roles of food and predation in generating cyclicity in population dynamics. It remains unclear how trophic interactions that are influenced by anthropogenic stressors can affect population dynamics in human-modified landscapes. </p> <p>We present a 10-year study to compare the effects of livestock grazing on density dependent dynamics in two populations of bharal, <em>Pseudois nayaur</em>, in the Himalaya. We combine this with a mechanistic understanding of whether density dependence in these two sites acts predominantly by affecting adult survival or recruitment. We compared and quantified density dependence in the bharal population by fitting Bayesian Gompertz state‐space (GSS) models.</p> <p>We found evidence for negative density dependence which indicates possible cyclic dynamics in the bharal population of the site (Tabo) with low livestock density. The population dynamics of this site were driven by recruited offspring – with a 2-year density dependent lag effect – rather than adult survival. In the site with high livestock density (Kibber), this density dependence was not detected. We postulate the potential role of excessive grazing by livestock in affecting offspring recruitment, thereby affecting the bharal population in Kibber.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications</em>: Our results suggest that conservation action to facilitate wild herbivore population recovery, such as the development of protected areas and village reserves, needs to account for density dependent regulation. Sites with trophy hunting require continuous monitoring to understand the effects of density dependence so that appropriate hunting quotas can be formulated.</p>
Fig. 3 in Value of forest remnants for montane amphibians on the livestock grazed Mount Mbam, Cameroon
Fig. 3. Species accumulation curves of Mount Mbam by land use based on contemporary records.
Shrub influence on soil carbon and nitrogen in a semi-arid grassland is mediated by precipitation and largely insensitive to livestock grazing
<p>Dryland (arid and semi-arid) ecosystems globally provide more than half of livestock production and store roughly one-third of soil organic carbon (SOC). Biogeochemical pools are changing due toshrub encroachment, livestock grazing, and climate change. We assessed how vegetation microsite, grazing, and precipitation interacted to affect SOC and total nitrogen (TN) at a site with long-term grazing manipulations and well-described patterns of shrub encroachment across elevation and mean annual precipitation (MAP) gradients. We analyzed SOC and TN in the context of vegetation cover at ungrazed locations within livestock exclosures, high-inten- sity grazing locations near water sources, and moderate-intensity grazing locations away from water. SOC was enhanced by MAP (p<0.0001), but grazing intensity had little effect regardless of MAP (p = 0.12). Shrubs enhanced SOC (300–1279 g C m2) and TN (27–122 g N m2), except at high MAP where the contribution or stabilization of shrub inputs relative to grassland inputs was likely diminished. Cover of perennial herbaceous plants and litter were significant predictors of SOC (r2 = 0.63 and 0.34, respectively) and TN (r2 = 0.64 and 0.30, respectively). Our results suggest that continued shrub encroachment in drylands can increase SOC storage when grass production remains high, although this response may saturate with higher MAP. In contrast, grazing – at least at the intensities of our sites – has a lesser effect. These effects underscore the need to understand how future climate and grazing may interact to influence dryland biogeochemical cycling.</p>
FIG. 4 in Rodents in grassland habitats: does livestock grazing matter? A comparison of two Alpine sites with different grazing histories
FIG. 4. — Apodemus Spp. caught during the study.
Data from: Resilience of an integrated crop-livestock system to climate change: a simulation analysis of cover crop grazing in southern Brazil
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Site-specific biogeochemical response to livestock grazing and climate change differs across four continents
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Geographic variation in mammal and reptile responses to fire and livestock grazing regimes
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Shrub influence on soil carbon and nitrogen in a semi-arid grassland is mediated by precipitation and largely insensitive to livestock grazing
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Can livestock grazing dampen density dependent fluctuations in wild herbivore populations?
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