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Figure 10. Living and fossil limopsids. A, B in Paleogene marine bivalves of the deep-water Keasey Formation in Oregon, Part II: The pteriomorphs
Figure 10. Living and fossil limopsids. A, B. Exterior and interior of left valve, Limopsis panamensis Dall (1902), SBMNH 474078, scale bar=1 cm. C, E. Limopsis squiresi n. sp., Keasey Formation holotype, UCMP 110728. C. Left valve shell interior and resilifer preserved dorsally in matrix, with remnant periostracum and exterior shell of right valve preserved ventrally. E. Fragment of right valve exterior outlined in yellow on C, removed and inverted. Scale bar=5 mm. (D). Limopsis marysvillensis (Dickerson, 1913), Capay formation holotype, UCMP 11766.
Text-fig. 7. Fossil and living examples of leaves of Acer. a: Acer sp. (fossil), Pleistocene diatomaceous deposits near Faufouille, France (scale bar = 10 mm); National Museum Wales specimen 86.54G.1a; b: Leaf from living Acer growing near Machynlleth, mid-Wales, UK; photo by B. A. Thomas. in Naming Of Parts: The Use Of Fossil-Taxa In Palaeobotany
Text-fig. 7. Fossil and living examples of leaves of Acer. a: Acer sp. (fossil), Pleistocene diatomaceous deposits near Faufouille, France (scale bar = 10 mm); National Museum Wales specimen 86.54G.1a; b: Leaf from living Acer growing near Machynlleth, mid-Wales, UK; photo by B. A. Thomas.
Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7). in Assessment Of Phytogeographic Reference Regions For Cenozoic Vegetation: A Case Study On The Miocene Flora Of Wiesa (Germany)
Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7).
FIGURE 4. Alligatorid fossils from the Live Oak fossil site. A in Oldest record of Alligator in southeastern North America
FIGURE 4. Alligatorid fossils from the Live Oak fossil site. A: Isolated tooth, likely mid-rostral position (UF 424640) in lingual view. B: Isolated tooth, likely anterior position (UF 424639) in lingual view. C: Caudal vertebra exhibiting a fully fused neurocentral suture (UF 424637) in left lateral view. D: Caudal vertebra exhibiting a fully fused neurocentral suture (UF 424638) in left lateral view. E: Osteoderm (UF 424633) in dorsal view. F: Osteoderm (UF 424635) in dorsal view.
Text-fig. 5. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MPwarm. For legend see Text-fig. 3. in Palaeoenvironmental Analysis Of The Messinian Macrofossil Floras Of Tossignano And Monte Tondo (Vena Del Gesso Basin, Romagna Apennines, Northern Italy)
Text-fig. 5. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MPwarm. For legend see Text-fig. 3.
Text-fig. 4. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MAP. For legend see Text-fig. 3. in Palaeoenvironmental Analysis Of The Messinian Macrofossil Floras Of Tossignano And Monte Tondo (Vena Del Gesso Basin, Romagna Apennines, Northern Italy)
Text-fig. 4. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MAP. For legend see Text-fig. 3.
Text-fig. 3. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MAT. Right-hand positoned large bold figures and shaded areas in each case indicate the Coexistence Interval, with the number of overlapping taxa being at a maximum. in Palaeoenvironmental Analysis Of The Messinian Macrofossil Floras Of Tossignano And Monte Tondo (Vena Del Gesso Basin, Romagna Apennines, Northern Italy)
Text-fig. 3. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MAT. Right-hand positoned large bold figures and shaded areas in each case indicate the Coexistence Interval, with the number of overlapping taxa being at a maximum.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of a living fossil, the Atlantic Horseshoe Crab Limulus polyphemus
<p>Associated data for male Atlantic horseshoe crab <em>Limulus polyphemus </em>chromosome-scale genome and annotations, including genome (FASTA), structural gene annotations (GFF3), functional annotations (TSV), coding sequences (CDS), protein sequences (PEP), RepeatModeler library (FA.CLASSIFIED), and repeat annotations (OUT).</p> <p>qaLimPoly3.1 - Publication analyses were completed with this genome. </p> <p>qaLimPoly3.3 - This is the current reference assembly. Assembly updated with Sanger sequencing based edits of Chr11 and removal of adapter contamination. Gene annotations updated with curation of canonical proclotting genes. Repeat annotations updated with curation of repeat elements ltr-1_family-1, ltr-1_family-4, and ltr-1_family-26. </p> <p>HSC_Genomic_FacC_860F_PREMIX_CNNJ42_1.ab1 and HSC_Genomic_FacC_1544R_PREMIX_CNNJ43_2.ab1 are Sanger sequenced PCR products for Lp_g42129 (Factor C) from primers FacC_860F.fasta and FacC_1544R.fasta.</p>
Figure 20 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 20. Nervous system in Pulvinites exempla. A diagrammatic lateral view showing the position of major nerves and ganglia. Inset: abdominal sense organ, transverse histological section (5 µm, Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid/Schiff 's stain; AMS C.129659, 62.2 mm). Scale bar = 50 µm. aso, abdominal sense organ; CP, cerebropleural ganglia; cpc, cerebropedal connectives; cvc, cerebrovisceral connectives; dpn, dorsal pedal nerves; gn, gill axis nerve; P, pedal ganglia (joined); pamn, posterior adductor muscle nerve; prmn, posterior pedobyssal retractor nerves; sec, supra-oesophageal connective; V, right visceral ganglion (left cannot be observed in this view).
Figure 19 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 19. Heart in Pulvinites exempla (AMS C.129659, 62.2 mm). Transverse histological section (5 µm, Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid/Schiff's stain) (scale bar = 300 µm). au, auricles; in, intestine; v, ventricle.
Figure 17 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 17. Morphology of ctenidia in Pulvinites exempla (AMS C.129659, 62.2 mm). Transverse histological section (5 µm, Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid/Schiff 's stain) of a single inner demibranch. A, section at the ventralmost edge of the demibranch margins showing the absence of serial interfilamentar tissue fusion. B, section slightly proximal to that of (A) showing the limited extent of interfilamental serial fusion restricted to a transient, narrow, median bridge. C, section at mid-height of the demibranch. Scale bar = 50 µm. ac, apical cilia; iij, interlamellar junction; lc, lateral cilia; mc, mucocyte; mlfc, microlaterofrontal cilia; ogf, ordinary gill filament; tf, tissue fusion.
Figure 14 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 14. Details of mantle edge morphology in Pulvinites exempla (scanning electron microscopy; AMS C.129659, 62.2 mm). A, cross-section of the mantle; the arrow shows OF-2 (pallial skirt) (scale bar = 200 µm). B, lateral view of the interior mantle margin showing the outer surfaces of IF-1, IF-2, and OF-1; the arrow indicates the sinuous groove separating the inner fold (scale bar = 200 µm). C, magnified large tentacle of the inner surface of IF-1 (scale bar = 25 µm). D, small laterally compressed tentacles of the outer surface of IF-2 (scale bar = 50 µm). E, ciliated inner surface of IF-1 (scale bar = 10 µm). F, smooth inner surface of OF-1 (scale bar = 10 µm); IF, inner mantle fold; OF, outer fold; p, periostracum; t, tentacle.
Figure 16 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 16. Morphology of ctenidia in Pulvinites exempla (scanning electron microscopy; AMS C.129659, 62.2 mm). A, right lateral view of a mid-ventral part of ctenidia showing food grooves of the inner demibranchs (arrows) (scale bar = 250 µm). The left outer demibranch is not shown. B, magnified right lateral view of a gill lamella showing ciliation of the frontal surface and ciliated disks connecting neighbouring filaments (square) (scale bar = 50 µm). C, abfrontal surface of a lamella showing interfilamentar connections mediated by ciliated disks (scale bar = 150 µm). D, magnified squared area in (B) showing the Velcro-like cilial connection of ciliated disks projecting from spurs (scale bar = 10 µm). E, isolated ciliated disk projecting from a spur (scale bar = 10 µm).
Figure 13 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 13. Mantle edge morphology in Pulvinites exempla (AMS C.129659, 62.2 mm). Histological cross-section (5 µm, Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid/Schiff's stain). A, overview of the mantle margin at the ventral edge of the mantle showing the proximal displacement of OF-2 (pallial skirt) (scale bar = 500 µm). B, magnified mantle margin (scale bar = 200 µm). C, close-up of OF-2; the arrows indicate pigmented (presumably secretory) cells (scale bar = 50 µm). D, cross-section of the mantle edge posterior to the mantle isthmus showing the distal position of OF-2 and merging IF-1 and OF-2 folds (scale bar = 100 µm). c, circumpallial artery; IF, inner mantle fold; OF, outer fold; p, periostracum; pgr, periostracal groove; t, tentacle.
Figure 15 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 15. Posterior adductor muscle in Pulvinites exempla (AMS C.129659, 62.2 mm). Histological sagittal section (5 µm, Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid/Schiff's stain). The section was made close to the attachment surface of the adductor muscle showing slightly denser packed muscle fibres in the anterior section (right side) than in the posterior section (left side), separated by the dashed line (scale bar = 150 µm). Inset: visceral transverse connective (vc) suspended in loose connective tissue at the anteroventral surface of the posterior adductor muscle (pam) (scale bar = 250 µm).
Figure 10 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 10. Ligament morphology in Pulvinites exempla. A, lateral view of the left valve hinge plate showing the orientation of the ligament relative to the umbo (arrow) and the relative position of fibrous (F) and lamellar (L) sublayers. Superscripts indicate the ontogenetic order of the deposition of resilia (AMS C.129659; 62.2 mm). B, lateroventral view of the left valve hinge plate showing the breached ventral edge and the rounded cross-section of resilifers. Note the difference in colour between the ligostracal resilifer walls and the underlying ostracum (NMNZ M.153627; 68.1 mm).
Figure 11 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 11. Ligament microstructure in Pulvinites exempla (scanning electron microscopy; AMS C.129659, 45.2 mm). A, transverse section of the hinge plate made through a resilifer showing the arrangement of shell layers (scale bar = 1 mm). Enlargement of the squared area is presented in (B). B, widest area of the ligostracum making the roof of the resilifer (scale bar = 50 µm). C, magnified interface of the ligostracal and nacreous layer showing the irregular pattern of the ligostracum (scale bar = 15 µm). flg, fibrous ligamental sublayer; L, ligostracum; M, myostracum; Ni, inner nacreous layer; No, outer nacreous layer; P, prismatic layer. Figures were prepared by polishing and etching sections of epoxy-embedded left valve.
Figure 4 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 4. Surface features of prodissoconch 1 in Pulvinites exempla (scanning electron microscopy; NMNZ M.150090). A, overview of the interior of joined valves in lateral view showing the D-shaped outline and straight hinge (scale bar = 100 µm). B, exterior surface of a valve in lateral view; the close-up of the squared area (inset) shows a nodulose surface; the arrow indicates the commarginal fold demarcating the marginal rim (scale bar = 100 µm). C, exterior surface of a valve in dorsal view showing faint commarginal and radial striae; the arrow indicates the periostracal ligament (scale bar = 10 µm). D, lateral view of the inner surface showing the granular interior surface and smooth valve margin (scale bar = 2 µm).
Figure 6. Prodissoconch 2 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 6. Prodissoconch 2 (P2) of the left valve of Pulvinites exempla (juvenile, AMS C.129659, 3.91 mm). The orientation of P2 is given with regard to its placement in the dissoconch. A, dorsal view of the exterior showing the concentric sculpture of P2 and its opisthogyrate placement. The white arrows indicate the P1–P2 transition; the black arrow indicates the metamorphic line. The hinge axis is orientated horizontally with the anterior at the left. B, ventral view showing the interior surface of P2 and the initial crenulation of the hinge plate underlying the first resilium. The arrow indicates the border of confluent scars of the posterior adductor–posterior pedobyssal retractor muscles. C, lateral view of the exterior surface showing the extent of inflation of P2. The white arrow indicates the P1–P2 transition; the black arrow indicates the metamorphic line. lg, resilium of ligament.
Figure 1 in Anatomy, shell morphology, and microstructure of the living fossil Pulvinites exempla (Hedley, 1914) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pulvinitidae)
Figure 1. The shell of Pulvinites exempla, major features (lectotype; AMS C.170923, 140 mm). The shells are arranged with the hinge axis orientated horizontally. A, exterior of the right valve (RV). B, exterior of the left valve (LV). C, interior of the LV. D, interior of the RV. E, byssus. arms, anterior (pedobyssal) retractor muscle scar; cf, commarginal folds; cl, calcitic lamellae; cti, impressions of ctenidia; fo, foramen; fog, foramen groove; hl, hinge line; mlg, multivincular ligament; nb, border of nacreouos layer; pams, posterior adductor muscle scar; pmg, prismatic margin; pmi, impressions of pallial retractor muscles; pms, pallial muscle scars; prms, posterior (pedobyssal) retractor muscle scar; su, suture; u, umbo.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.