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6 results for “local mate competition”
Figure 1. A in The green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): local variation in the beetle's major avian predators and in the competition for mates
Figure 1. A stack of males piled up on the back of a receptive female. Note that the top male is facing in a different direction from the others and that he has everted his aedeagus, a sign of his strong sexual motivation.
Figure 2 in The green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): local variation in the beetle's major avian predators and in the competition for mates
Figure 2. The first male (on the left) to reach a female has fallen back exposing the upper surface of his mate. A male arriving a short time later has mounted the female and is attempting (unsuccessfully) to copulate with her while she is in copula with the first male. Even after the first male disengaged and left the female she remained unreceptive to the second male.
Data from: Testing for local adaptation in adult male and female fitness among populations evolved under different mate competition regimes
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Data from: Local mate competition modifies the costs of mating in a mostly monandrous parasitoid wasp
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Testing the local mate competition rule in a quasi-gregarious parasitoid with facultative superparasitism
<p><span>As </span><span>an </span><span>important </span><span>domain</span><span> of evolutionary ecology, sex allocation theory well explains the evolution of investment into female versus male offspring. Local mate competition (LMC) is </span><span>a </span><span>good predictor of sex allocation, where</span> <span>the optimal sex ratio becomes less female-biased</span><span> and asymptotically approaches 0.5 as </span><span>the</span><span> number</span><span> of foundresses</span><span> increases.</span> <span>Parasitoid wasps, with </span><span>haplodiploid sex determination</span><span>, </span><span>offer</span><span> excellent opportunities to test how organisms manipulate their offspring sex ratio in response to environmental variation, and many species have been </span><span>proven</span><span> to allocate sex according to predictions under LMC. When hosts are spatially clustered, as in gregarious species, the mating systems of quasi-gregarious parasitoids meet the essential assumptions (female </span><span>mating</span><span> before dispersal</span><span>) of LMC. </span><span>However, inconsistent with predictions, </span><span>i</span><span>n the </span><span>quasi-gregarious species </span><span><em>Anastatus disparis</em> </span><span>(Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)</span><span>,</span><span> a</span> <span>strongly female-biased </span><span>eclosion</span><span> sex ratio (</span><span>0.156</span><span>±0.018 to 0.185±0.016) </span><span>was observed </span><span>as the number of females laying eggs in a patch increased.</span> <span>Superparasitism, </span><span>in which</span> <span>44.7</span><span>%</span><span> of parasitized hosts contained more than one egg</span><span> but only one adult </span><span>emerged</span><span> from each host, </span><span>was </span><span>common in <em>A. disparis</em>.</span><span> However, </span><span>the egg sex ratio was </span><span>determined by microsatellites and</span><span> likely fit the predictions of LMC theory. Male-biased offspring mortality arising from</span><span> s</span><span>uperparasitism</span><span> during development likely contributes to the shift from the primary sex ratio predicted under LMC to the observed female-biased eclosion sex ratio.</span> <span>Inconsistent with results in gregarious parasitoids, t</span><span>he role of superparasitism in driving sex ratio shifts in </span><span>quasi-gregarious parasitoids</span><span> should be incorporated into </span><span>LMC-based predictions of sex ratio</span><span>s.</span></p>
Testing the local mate competition rule in a quasi-gregarious parasitoid with facultative superparasitism
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