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8 results for “long-distance flight”
Data from: Consistent long-distance foraging flights across years and seasons at colony level in a Neotropical bat
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Has long-distance flight ability been maintained by pigeons in highly insular habitats?
<p>Aim: A reduction in dispersal ability has been thought to be a general trend for island land birds because of their physical isolation to a limited area, scarcity of predators, and ability to forage without flight in island habitats. However, recent studies have indicated that long-distance dispersal among island habitats may be maintained in island pigeon populations, which may be related to unstable food resource availability on a single island. Here, we investigated whether pigeons could maintain their long-distance dispersal ability to move among islands within the archipelago, even in highly insular conditions, by comparing two subspecies of Japanese wood pigeon (<em>Columba</em> <em>janthina</em>) distributed on islands with different levels of insularity.</p> <p>Location: The Ogasawara, Izu and Nansei Islands in the north-western Pacific Ocean</p> <p>Taxon: Japanese wood pigeon (<em>Columba janthina</em>)</p> <p>Methods: We compared morphological traits related to dispersal potential between the two subspecies: <em>C. j. janthina</em> and <em>C. j. nitens</em>. We performed phylogenetic and population genetic analyses based on genomic markers to indirectly assess dispersal ability via the rate of gene flow and determine how long <em>C. j.nitens</em> in a more insular habitat have been isolated for a long time.</p> <p>Results: <em>C. j. nitens</em> had a wing shape that was better suited for long-distance flight than that of <em>C. j. janthina</em>. Both subspecies maintained sufficient gene flow among the islands within their habitat archipelagos, with no evidence of isolation by distance. The divergence time of the two subspecies was 0.67 million years ago, which was sufficient to reduce dispersiveness compared to other cases of island land birds. </p> <p>Main conclusion: We showed that long-distance flight can be maintained under highly insular conditions despite long-term isolation from the ancestral populations. This indicates that the strategy of maintaining dispersal ability may also be possible in island systems, where organisms have repeatedly and globally shown reduced dispersal ability. Although further studies are required to reveal its evolutionary processes, our study provides an exceptional case for island birds' biogeography.</p>
Has long-distance flight ability been maintained by pigeons in highly insular habitats?
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Data from: Migrating songbirds on stopover prepare for, and recover from, oxidative challenges posed by long-distance flight
Managing oxidative stress is an important physiological function for all aerobic organisms, particularly during periods of prolonged high metabolic activity, such as long-distance migration across ecological barriers. However, no previous study has investigated the oxidative status of birds at different stages of migration and whether that oxidative status depends on the condition of the birds. In this study, we compared (1) energy stores and circulating oxidative status measures in (a) two species of Neotropical migrants with differing migration strategies that were sampled at an autumn stopover site before an ecological barrier; and (b) a species of trans-Saharan migrant sampled at a spring stopover site after crossing an ecological barrier; and (2) circulating oxidative measures and indicators of fat metabolism in a trans-Saharan migrant after stopovers of varying duration (0–8 nights), based on recapture records. We found fat stores to be positively correlated with circulating antioxidant capacity in Blackpoll Warblers and Red-eyed Vireos preparing for fall migration on Block Island, USA, but uncorrelated in Garden Warblers on the island of Ponza, Italy, after a spring crossing of the Sahara Desert and Mediterranean Sea. In all circumstances, fat stores were positively correlated with circulating lipid oxidation levels. Among Garden Warblers on the island of Ponza, fat anabolism increased with stopover duration while oxidative damage levels decreased. Our study provides evidence that birds build antioxidant capacity as they build fat stores at stopover sites before long flights, but does not support the idea that antioxidant stores remain elevated in birds with high fuel levels after an ecological barrier. Our results further suggest that lipid oxidation may be an inescapable hazard of using fats as the primary fuel for flight. Yet, we also show that birds on stopover are capable of recovering from the oxidative damage they have accrued during migration, as lipid oxidation levels decrease with time on stopover. Thus, the physiological strategy of migrating songbirds may be to build prophylactic antioxidant capacity in concert with fuel stores at stopover sites before a long-distance flight, and then repair oxidative damage while refueling at stopover sites after long-distance flight.
Data from: A circannual perspective on daily and total flight distances in a long-distance migratory raptor, the Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus
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Data from: Migrating songbirds on stopover prepare for, and recover from, oxidative challenges posed by long-distance flight
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Data from: Simulated moult reduces flight performance but overlap with breeding does not affect breeding success in a long-distance migrant
1. Long-distance migrants are time-constrained as they need to incorporate many annual cycle stages within a year. Migratory passerines moult in the short interval between breeding and migration. To widen this interval, moult may start while still breeding, but this results in flying with moulting wings when food provisioning. 2. We experimentally simulated wing gaps in breeding male pied flycatchers by plucking 2 primary feathers from both wings. We quantified the nest visitations of both parents, proportion of high-quality food brought to the nestlings and adults and nestlings condition. Differences in oxidative damage caused by a possible reduction in flight efficiency were measured in amounts of ROMs and OXY in the blood. We also measured how flight performance was affected with recordings of the male`s escape flight using high-speed cameras. Finally, we collected data on adult survival, clutch size and laying date in the following year. 3. "Plucked" males travelled a 5% shorter distance per wingbeat, showing that our treatment reduced flight performance. In line with this, "plucked" males visited their nests less often. Females of "plucked" males, however, visited the nest more often than controls, and fully compensated their partner's reduced visitation rate. As a result, there were no differences between treatments in food quality brought to the nest, adult or chick mass or number of successfully fledged chicks. Males did not differ in their oxidative damage or local survival to the following year. In contrast, females paired with plucked males tended to return less often to breed in the next year in comparison to controls, but this difference was not significant. For the birds that did return there were no effects on breeding. 5. Our results reveal that wing gaps in male pied flycatchers reduce their flight performance, but when it occurs during breeding they prioritise their future reproduction by reducing parental care. As a result, there is no apparent detriment to their condition during breeding. Because non-moulting females are able to compensate their partner's reduced care, there is also no immediate costs to the offspring, but females may pay the cost suffering from a reduced survival.
Data from: Simulated moult reduces flight performance but overlap with breeding does not affect breeding success in a long-distance migrant
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.