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195 results for “long-term monitoring”
Long-term monitoring of ground-dwelling arthropods in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area of central Arizona, USA (1998-2025)
The Central Arizona–Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) program has been monitoring ground-dwelling arthropods (e.g., insects, ararchnids) at locations throughout the greater Phoenix metropolitan area (GPMA) and surrounding Sonoran desert region since 1998. Monitoring locations span a diversity of habitat types, including mesic and xeric residential yards, commercial areas, agricultural fields, desert locations within the GPMA (desert remnant), and undisturbed desert locations. Organisms are collected quarterly using unbaited pitfall traps, typically ten per location but with some variation, exposed for approximately seventy-two hours. Organisms are identified to the lowest practical taxonomic level and enumerated. Many of the sampling locations established at the beginning of the monitoring project were relocated in 2001-2002 to overlap with the CAP LTER's Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA; formerly named Survey200) long-term monitoring sites, although within the same general landscape categories.
Long-term Plant Biomass Monitoring Data from the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project on Sapelo Island, Georgia
The Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER program (GCE) monitors plant biomass annually with the goal of testing the hypothesis that end-of-year biomass varies as a function of 1) freshwater discharge from the Altamaha River (especially in low-marsh plots), 2) local rainfall (especially in high-marsh plots), and 3) average sea level. In 2000 we created permanent plots at all 10 GCE marsh monitoring sites. Plots were established at creek-bank and mid-marsh sites (8 plots per zone per site). Most sites are dominated by Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass), but zones at some sites are dominated by Juncus roemerianus, Spartina cynosuroides, or Zizaniopsis miliacea. An additional marsh zone (high marsh Juncus) was established at site 10 in 2005 and site 9 in 2012 to increase replication of sites with Juncus. Plants have been non-destructively monitored in October of every year from 2000 to the present, measuring the stem count, height and flowering status of every plant in each plot. Stem clipping samples were also collected adjacent to plots in 2002, 2007, and 2020, then measured, dried, weighed and statistically analyzed in order to generate allometric regression relationships between height and mass for estimation of plant biomass in corresponding plots. This data set includes cumulative long-term observations of plant stem count, height and biomass per marsh zone, plot and species at 10 GCE LTER sampling sites from 2000 to 2023, and will be updated annually to include the prior year observations.
Long-term Hydrographic Mooring Data from the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Salinity Monitoring Program - Primary 30 Minute Observational Data
Conductivity, temperature and sub-surface water pressure were measured continuously at fixed hydrographic moorings distributed across the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER study area to document spatial and temporal variability of salinity and its relationship to water level and river discharge. Mooring locations were chosen to span the salinity gradient as well as to take advantage of existing physical infrastructure (e.g. docks or pilings) for mounting instruments and proximity to marsh study sites. Eight moorings were established between 2001 and 2003 to characterize salinity patterns in the three primary sounds in the GCE domain (Sapelo, Doboy and Altamaha), and a ninth mooring was added near a freshwater tidal forest along the Altamaha River in 2014. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately quarterly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms, and short-duration gaps (<6 hours) due to instrument swaps, quality control analysis or brief data interruptions were filled by interpolation. Long-duration gaps due to instrument or mooring loss were filled with null values to produce a monotonic time series. This data set includes cumulative 30 minute observations at all 9 moorings through 31-Dec-2022, and will be updated annually to include observations from the prior year.
Long-term Hydrographic Mooring Data from the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Salinity Monitoring Program - Daily Summarized Data
Conductivity, temperature and sub-surface water pressure were measured continuously at fixed hydrographic moorings distributed across the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER study area to document spatial and temporal variability of salinity and its relationship to water level and river discharge. Mooring locations were chosen to span the salinity gradient as well as to take advantage of existing physical infrastructure (e.g. docks or pilings) for mounting instruments and proximity to marsh study sites. Eight moorings were established between 2001 and 2003 to characterize salinity patterns in the three primary sounds in the GCE domain (Sapelo, Doboy and Altamaha), and a ninth mooring was added near a freshwater tidal forest along the Altamaha River in 2014. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately quarterly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms, and short-duration gaps (<6 hours) due to instrument swaps, quality control analysis or brief data interruptions were filled by interpolation. Long-duration gaps due to instrument or mooring loss were filled with null values to produce a monotonic time series. Values flagged as invalid were then removed and interpolated up to 6 hours, and daily-summarized values were calculated by statistical aggregation. This data set includes the daily-summarized data at all 9 moorings through 31-Dec-2022, and will be updated annually to include observations from the prior year.
Long-term Mollusc Population Abundance and Size Data from the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Fall Marsh Monitoring Program
This data set includes long-term observational data on mollusc species abundance and size distribution at 10 Georgia Coastal Ecosystems marsh sites used for annual plant and invertebrate population monitoring. Infaunal and epifaunal molluscs were hand-collected from within quadrats of known area in mid-marsh and creekbank zones (n = 4 quadrats per zone) at all sites annually in October. Molluscs were also collected from an additional high marsh Juncus zone (n = 4 quadrats) at several sites beginning in 2009. The molluscs were returned to the lab, preserved in ethanol, identified and counted to determine species abundance and density in each plot. The length of each measurable individual was then determined using calipers or an ocular micrometer mounted in a stereomicroscope to determine mollusc size. Population abundance and size measurement data are reported separately by site, zone, plot and species because analyses were performed at different times, specimens were not individually identifiable, and not all individuals were measureable. This data set includes cumulative long-term observations from 2000 to 2022, and will be updated annually to include the prior year observations.
Long-term Burrowing Crab Population Abundance Data from the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Fall Marsh Monitoring Program
This data set includes long-term observational data on burrowing crab abundance at 10 Georgia Coastal Ecosystems marsh sites used for annual plant and invertebrate population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by performing surveys of crab hole occurance within replicate 625 square centimeter quadrats and converting the counts to number per square meter. Surveys were performed annually during October within the mid-marsh and creek bank zones at GCE marsh study sites 1 through 10 (i.e. n = 4 per zone at each site). Surveys were also performed in an additional high marsh Juncus zone at several sites beginning in 2009 (i.e. n = 4 quadrats per site). Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum, Sesarma reticulatum and Panopeus spp. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts. This data set includes cumulative observations from 2000 to 2023, and will be updated annually to include the prior year observations.
Long-term water quality monitoring in the Altamaha, Doboy and Sapelo sounds and the Duplin River near Sapelo Island, Georgia from November 2013 to December 2022
Water samples were collected on Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER oceanographic monitoring cruises from November 2012 through December 2022. Monthly samples were collected from GCE 6 (high and low tide) and GCE 7 (high tide). Quarterly samples were collected from the remaining GCE sites and AL-02, the Altamaha River oceanic end-member station. Concentrations of the following were measured using standard analytical methods: dissolved nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, ammonium, silicate), dissolved organics (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) and particulate carbon and nitrogen, chlorophyll, phaeopigments, total suspended solids and loss on ignition.
Long-term water quality monitoring in the Altamaha River near Doctortown, Georgia from January 2013 to December 2022.
Water samples were collected monthly on the Atlamaha River near Doctortown, Georgia. The samples were anlayzed for dissolved organics (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus), dissolved nutrients (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, silicate) and particulate carbon and nitrogen. Concentrations of the following were measured using standard analytical methods: dissolved nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, ammonium, silicate), dissolved organics (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) and particulate carbon and nitrogen
Long-term Barnacle Settlement Near Creekbank Plots from the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Fall Marsh Monitoring Program
This data set includes long-term observational data on barnacle recruitment at the creekbank, and across a gradient in salinity and distance to ocean. PVC poles were deployed to passively sample barnacle settlement. Eight poles were deployed between 4-5 meters apart adjacent to the creekbank vegetation monitoring plots at each GCE LTER permanent monitoring site each Fall beginning in 2012. These poles were then collected the following Fall and all barnacle that settled on the poles were identified and counted on 50cm-long sections of the 8, 3/4" diameter PVC poles. Although a few other barnacle species occur within this estuary, only two species settled on poles: Chthamalus fragilis and Balanus spp. Beginning in 2018, Geukensia dimissa and Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) that settled on the poles were also counted and recorded. This data set includes observations from 2013 to 2023 and will be updated annually to include the prior year observations.
Long-term adult and juvenile periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) density in mid-marsh and creekbank plots from the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Fall Monitoring Program
This data set includes long-term observation of the abundance of periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) at sampling sites within the Georgia Coastal Ecosystem (GCE) LTER study area. Visual counts of adult Littoraria were conducted within 0.5m x 0.5m quadrats in-line with permanent GCE vegetation plots. Juvenile Littoraria (1-4mm shell length) were found and counted by looking inside all leaf furls within a nested quadrat (0.25m x 0.25m). In each marsh zone at each GCE LTER permanent monitoring site, we counted the number of adult and juvenile snails in 8 creekbank and 12 mid-marsh replicate quadrats. This method was started in 2012 as a new part of the annual GCE monitoring and supplements the invertebrate data that has been collected since October 2000. This data set includes observations from 2012 to 2023 and will be updated annually to include the prior year observations.
Long-term Plant Biomass Monitoring Data from Altamaha River Plant Transition Sites near the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project on Sapelo Island, Georgia
The Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER program (GCE) monitors plant biomass annually to measure the species and size distribution of plants at 3 sampling sites on the creekbank of the Altamaha River. The sites were chosen to capture the transition from Spartina alterniflora to Spartina cynosuroides (site SCSA) and the transition from Spartina cynosuroides to Zizaniopsis miliacea (sites ZSC1 and ZSC2). The quadrats were established as permanent plots in October 2012 by placing PVC stakes along the creekbank at each site. Plots were evenly spaced, but were not randomly located because the goal was to start with mixtures of vegetation in most of the plots, and vegetation was distributed in patches along the creekbanks. Therefore, these plots provide useful measures of vegetation change, but are not a random sample of the vegetation at the site. Plots will be replaced each year as necessary to replace any lost to disturbance. The plots were visually surveyed and the species, shoot height, and flowering status was recorded individually for each shoot over 10 cm in height present in each plot. Observations from plots exhibiting signs of disturbance were noted in a separate data set (PLT-GCEM-1801c). This data set includes cumulative long-term observations of plant stem count, height and biomass per plot and species at 3 Altamaha River transition sites from 2012 to 2023, and will be updated annually to include the prior year observations.
Point-count bird censusing: long-term monitoring of bird abundance and diversity in central Arizona-Phoenix, ongoing since 2000
### project overview Over the past half-century, the greater Phoenix metropolitan area (GPMA) has been one of the fastest growing regions in the US, experiencing rapid urban expansion in addition to urban intensification. This backdrop provides an ideal setting to monitor biodiversity changes in response to urbanization, and the CAP LTER has been using a standardized point-count protocol to monitor the bird community in the GPMA and surrounding Sonoran desert region since 2000. The bird survey locations in this CAP LTER core monitoring program include six general site groupings: 1. ESCA. Forty bird survey locations were selected from a subset of the CAP LTER's Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA; formerly named Survey200) long-term monitoring sites. ESCA sites were located using a tessellation-stratified dual-density sampling design, and, as such, span a diversity of habitats including urban, suburban, rural, commercial areas, parks, agricultural fields, and native Sonoran desert. Earlier versions of this data package included data from the ESCA project that was intended to complement the bird data. However, while positioned in close proximity, the bird survey locations do not necessarily overlap with the 30m x 30m plot that constitutes an ESCA sampling location, and leveraging data from these two monitoring programs should be addressed carefully. ESCA data have corresponding survey location names, and those data are available through the CAP LTER and LTER network data portals. At the conclusion of the 2016 spring survey, fifteen of the ESCA-correlated sites were discontinued as the core monitoring program refocused its efforts on desert parks and PASS neighborhoods. Among the deleted locations were all agricultural and commercial sites, as well as sites where access had become restrictive. 2. North Desert Village (NDV). Additional bird survey locations were positioned in treatment areas of the North Desert Village (NDV). This was a site of intense study on t
Long-term monitoring of stormwater runoff and water quality in urbanized watersheds of the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2008
Urbanization alters dramatically watershed ecosystem processes. Land-use change and anthropogenic activities contribute to increased inputs of nutrients and other materials, while changes to land cover alter hydrology and the corresponding movement of materials. These changes have ramifications for both watershed processes and downstream systems. The impacts of urbanization on aquatic systems are well-studied, and frequently encapsulated in the ‘urban stream syndrome’ (Walsh et al. 2005) that describes, among others, increased nutrient loading and stream flashiness. However, there is some evidence that aridland cities behave differently (Grimm et al. 2004, 2005), and the complex dynamics among catchment characteristics, storm attributes, and runoff in highly urbanized settings of the arid Southwest remains poorly understood. To enhance our understanding of stormwater dynamics and watershed functioning in aridland, urban environments, the Central Arizona–Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) program began monitoring stormwater runoff at the outflow of the Indian Bend Wash (IBW) in 2008. The IBW is a tributary to the Salt River in central Arizona, and is a major drainage within the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, encompassing much of the City of Scottsdale. A model of soft engineering, the IBW as it runs through much of the City of Scottsdale is comprised largely of a series of artificial lakes, parks, paths, golf courses, ball fields, and other non-structural elements designed with the dual roles of providing outdoor amenities to the City residents while serving as an effective flood water conveyance feature. A unique biogeochemistry of this novel system is detailed by Roach et al. (2008), and Roach and Grimm (2011). Stormwater sampling is conducted at numerous locations. The longest running sampling location is near the outflow of the IBW ~0.6 km above its confluence with the Salt River. The sampling location coincides with a permanent USGS gauging sta
Long-term monitoring of ground-dwelling arthropods in the McDowell Sonoran Preserve, Scottsdale, Arizona (2012-2025)
*Project overview* Protected lands, such as the McDowell Sonoran Preserve (hereafter referred to as the Preserve) in Scottsdale, Arizona, provide critical refuge for native biota and natural, ecological processes within and near urban environments. At the same time, a key feature that makes urban, open-space preserves so valuable − their proximity to urban areas − places strain on the ecological integrity of these systems through visitation, habitat fragmentation, and the introduction of exotic species among others. Effective management of these systems requires detailed knowledge of the biota within the protected area, and monitoring of ecological indicators through time. Arthropods are well suited to monitoring ecological health. This diverse group of organisms typically reflects overall biological diversity of a system, and includes several trophic levels; their short generation times mean they will likely respond quickly to change; and they are relatively easy to sample. As part of a broad effort by the McDowell Sonoran Conservance Field Institute, an organization that oversees science and research in Preserve, to establish a baseline inventory of biota in the Preserve, investigators with the Central Arizona−Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) program at Arizona State University (ASU) in collaboration with Field Institute Citizen Scientists are monitoring ground-dwelling arthropods at select locations that reflect a diversity of habitat within the Preserve. Investigators employ a sampling design that is intended to provide insight regarding influence of the urban-wildland interface on the arthropod community within the protected area. The simple but effective technique of pitfall trapping is used to sample ground-dwelling arthropods at select locations spanning a wide range of habitat with the Preserve. Additional collections of vegetation-dwelling arthropods have been conducted at the sampling locations at periodic intervals. *Project design and sa
Long-term monitoring of seven high marsh plant mixtures on Sapelo Island GA
We set up plots (1x2m) in 1996 in mixtures or on vegetation borders at three sites. We set up 16 plots for each of seven mixtures - Marsh Landing (Juncus-Meadow, Spartina-Meadow, and Spartina-Batis mixtures), Teal Boardwalk (Juncus-Spartina mixture) and Shell Hammock (Juncus-Spartina, Juncus-Meadow, and Spartina-Meadow mixtures). Half were watered with fresh water 3 times per week (W) and half were controls (C). Watering stopped in April 2000. Plots were monitored to document changes in plant community composition (percent cover) over time.
Long-term monitoring of herpetofauna along the Salt and Gila Rivers in and near the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2012 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/627/5. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
Towers Forestry Plot, Long-term Vegetation Monitoring in a 1-ha old-growth Rainforest, La Selva Research Station, OTS, Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica, 2010–2020
The Towers Plot is a 1-hectare permanent vegetation plot established in 2010 under the canopy towers at La Selva Research Station, Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica. The plot was created by the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS) to monitor long-term changes in forest structure, composition, and dynamics in an old-growth tropical rainforest. All woody stems with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 10 cm or greater—including trees, palms, and lianas—were tagged, mapped, and measured following standardized procedures. Censuses were conducted between 2010 and 2020 to document growth, mortality, and recruitment. The dataset includes taxonomic identifications, stem diameter measurements, spatial coordinates within the plot, and metadata describing field methods and species composition. The plot was established beneath three canopy towers that had been previously constructed through the NSF-funded Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) project, NSF 0722741, which provided key infrastructure for canopy and environmental research at La Selva. This proximity created a valuable opportunity to integrate vegetation monitoring with existing environmental instrumentation. Johana Hurtado, coordinator of the Tropical Ecology, Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) project at La Selva, collaborated with OTS staff in the establishment of the plot, ensuring methodological consistency with other tropical forest monitoring sites. This dataset provides a comprehensive record of woody plant diversity and forest structure in a lowland old-growth Neotropical rainforest. It supports research on forest dynamics, carbon storage, and ecosystem change. The overall monitoring project is ongoing; this data package contains observations from 2010 through 2020.
Woody vegetation composition and structure at long-term monitoring plots on the Stevenson-Hamilton Research Supersite, Kruger National Park, South Africa (2012)
This dataset contains measurements of woody vegetation composition and structural attributes collected in 2012 from long-term ecological monitoring plots located on the Stevenson-Hamilton Research Supersite in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. The study region is characterized by granitic soils, broad-leaved savanna vegetation, and a long history of fire, herbivory, and climate-driven ecological dynamics. Vegetation surveys were conducted in sixteen 0.25-ha sampling plots to quantify woody species composition, stem density, and size structure. Additional measurements of vegetation structure were collected, including grass biomass, canopy cover, canopy height, and canopy diversity, providing a broader assessment of both woody and herbaceous layers. These data establish an important baseline for monitoring ecological change, evaluating woody vegetation dynamics under variable fire and herbivore regimes, and supporting ongoing research on savanna ecosystem functioning within the Kruger National Park.
Riparian Woody Vegetation Composition and Structure in Long-Term Monitoring Plots Along the Sabie River, Kruger National Park (2011-2012)
This dataset contains measurements of woody vegetation composition and structural attributes collected in 2009 and 2010 from 15 long-term riparian monitoring plots located along the Sabie River in the southern region of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. The Sabie River is the park’s most perennial river system and supports diverse riparian plant communities influenced by hydrological variability, flooding dynamics, sediment deposition, herbivory, and climate-driven disturbance. Within each monitoring plot, field teams recorded woody species identity, stem density, plant height, and stem diameter. Additional structural and condition indicators were collected, including canopy breakage, evidence of bark stripping, resprouting status, and whether individuals were toppled or alive at the time of sampling. These structural attributes provide detailed assessments of disturbance impacts and vegetation condition within riparian zones. Data collection followed the same standardized protocols as the Southern Granites long-term vegetation monitoring program, allowing for cross-site comparisons between upland savanna and riparian systems. This dataset provides a baseline for evaluating long-term ecological change in riparian woody plant communities and supports ongoing research on the ecological functioning and resilience of river corridors in Kruger National Park.
Long-term monitoring of ground-dwelling arthropods in the McDowell Sonoran Preserve, Scottsdale, Arizona, ongoing since 2012 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/643/3. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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