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43 results for “long-term plots”
Long-term Barnacle Settlement Near Creekbank Plots from the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Fall Marsh Monitoring Program
This data set includes long-term observational data on barnacle recruitment at the creekbank, and across a gradient in salinity and distance to ocean. PVC poles were deployed to passively sample barnacle settlement. Eight poles were deployed between 4-5 meters apart adjacent to the creekbank vegetation monitoring plots at each GCE LTER permanent monitoring site each Fall beginning in 2012. These poles were then collected the following Fall and all barnacle that settled on the poles were identified and counted on 50cm-long sections of the 8, 3/4" diameter PVC poles. Although a few other barnacle species occur within this estuary, only two species settled on poles: Chthamalus fragilis and Balanus spp. Beginning in 2018, Geukensia dimissa and Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) that settled on the poles were also counted and recorded. This data set includes observations from 2013 to 2023 and will be updated annually to include the prior year observations.
Long-term adult and juvenile periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) density in mid-marsh and creekbank plots from the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Fall Monitoring Program
This data set includes long-term observation of the abundance of periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) at sampling sites within the Georgia Coastal Ecosystem (GCE) LTER study area. Visual counts of adult Littoraria were conducted within 0.5m x 0.5m quadrats in-line with permanent GCE vegetation plots. Juvenile Littoraria (1-4mm shell length) were found and counted by looking inside all leaf furls within a nested quadrat (0.25m x 0.25m). In each marsh zone at each GCE LTER permanent monitoring site, we counted the number of adult and juvenile snails in 8 creekbank and 12 mid-marsh replicate quadrats. This method was started in 2012 as a new part of the annual GCE monitoring and supplements the invertebrate data that has been collected since October 2000. This data set includes observations from 2012 to 2023 and will be updated annually to include the prior year observations.
Long-term growth, mortality and regeneration of trees in permanent vegetation plots in the Pacific Northwest, 1910 to present
A network of more than 130 permanent vegetation plots provides long-term information on patterns and rates of forest succession in most of the major forest zones of the Pacific Northwest. The plot network extends from the coast to the Cascades in western Oregon and Washington and east to ponderosa pine forests in the Oregon Cascades. Most of the permanent plots were established during two intervals: from 1910 to 1948, and from 1970 to 1989. The earlier plots were established by U.S. Forest Service researchers to quantify timber growth in young stands of important commercial species and to help answer other applied forestry questions. The more recent period of plot establishment began under the Coniferous Forest Biome program of the International Biological Program during the 1970s, and continued under the Long-term Ecological Research program. A broader set of objectives motivated plot establishment since 1970, especially quantification of composition, structure, and population and ecosystem dynamics of natural forests. Plots have one of three spatial arrangements: (1) contiguous rectangles subjectively placed within an area of homogeneous forest; (2) circular plots subjectively placed within an area of homogeneous forest; and (3) circular plots systematically located on long transects to sample an entire watershed, ridge, or reserve. Rectangular study areas are mostly 1.0 ha or 0.4 ha (1.0 ac) in size (slope-corrected). Circular plots are 0.1 ha (0.247 ac), not corrected for slope. The tree stratum is the focus of work in closed-forest study areas. All trees larger than a minimum diameter (5 cm for most areas) are permanently tagged. Plots are censused every 5 or 6 years. Attributes measured or assessed at each census include tree diameter, tree vigor, and the condition of the crown and stem. The same attributes are recorded for trees (ingrowth) that have exceeded the minimum diameter since the previous census. In many plots tree locations are surveyed to provide a
Long-term dynamics of tropical rain forests in permanent inventory plots, La Selva, Costa Rica (1969-1995)
Three permanent plots comprising a total of 12.4 ha were established in 1969 in tropical rain forest at La Selva Biological Station, near Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. The plots were established in old-growth forest on three contrasting landforms: Plot 1 (4.4 ha) on old alluvial terrace; Plot 2 (4.0 ha) in swamp forest and rolling hills; and Plot 3 (4.0 ha) on steeply dissected terrain with residual soils. The data archived here include plot inventories carried out at five census dates over a period of 27 years. The inventory starting dates were 1969; 1982; 1985; 1989; and 1995. All stems 10 cm dbh or greater were tagged with a permanent numbered tag; measured in diameter at breast height and above buttresses to the nearest mm; mapped on the ground to the nearest m; and identified to species. At each census, live trees were re-measured, dead trees were recorded along with information on the manner of death, other details on the condition of the tree were noted, and new recruits were tagged, mapped, measured, and identified. The archived data include these five components: (1) The master data file, including comprehensive data on all tagged individuals in the three plots for the five censuses from 1969-1995. Each line in the data set represents an individual tagged tree or liana. The data array comprises 8689 lines (the number of tagged individuals) x 48 columns of data. The lines in the data set are ordered first by Plot number (1, 2, 3); next by subplot within each plot; and then by tag number within each subplot. (2) A list of column identifiers, describing in detail the information represented in each of the 48 columns within the master data file. The list gives a description of the data in each column, the units of measurement, and a guide to the interpretation of zeroes in the data. (3) A key to codes used in the field to describe the condition of individual trees. (4) A taxonomic reference list, including all species found
Towers Forestry Plot, Long-term Vegetation Monitoring in a 1-ha old-growth Rainforest, La Selva Research Station, OTS, Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica, 2010–2020
The Towers Plot is a 1-hectare permanent vegetation plot established in 2010 under the canopy towers at La Selva Research Station, Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica. The plot was created by the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS) to monitor long-term changes in forest structure, composition, and dynamics in an old-growth tropical rainforest. All woody stems with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 10 cm or greater—including trees, palms, and lianas—were tagged, mapped, and measured following standardized procedures. Censuses were conducted between 2010 and 2020 to document growth, mortality, and recruitment. The dataset includes taxonomic identifications, stem diameter measurements, spatial coordinates within the plot, and metadata describing field methods and species composition. The plot was established beneath three canopy towers that had been previously constructed through the NSF-funded Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) project, NSF 0722741, which provided key infrastructure for canopy and environmental research at La Selva. This proximity created a valuable opportunity to integrate vegetation monitoring with existing environmental instrumentation. Johana Hurtado, coordinator of the Tropical Ecology, Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) project at La Selva, collaborated with OTS staff in the establishment of the plot, ensuring methodological consistency with other tropical forest monitoring sites. This dataset provides a comprehensive record of woody plant diversity and forest structure in a lowland old-growth Neotropical rainforest. It supports research on forest dynamics, carbon storage, and ecosystem change. The overall monitoring project is ongoing; this data package contains observations from 2010 through 2020.
Woody vegetation composition and structure at long-term monitoring plots on the Stevenson-Hamilton Research Supersite, Kruger National Park, South Africa (2012)
This dataset contains measurements of woody vegetation composition and structural attributes collected in 2012 from long-term ecological monitoring plots located on the Stevenson-Hamilton Research Supersite in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. The study region is characterized by granitic soils, broad-leaved savanna vegetation, and a long history of fire, herbivory, and climate-driven ecological dynamics. Vegetation surveys were conducted in sixteen 0.25-ha sampling plots to quantify woody species composition, stem density, and size structure. Additional measurements of vegetation structure were collected, including grass biomass, canopy cover, canopy height, and canopy diversity, providing a broader assessment of both woody and herbaceous layers. These data establish an important baseline for monitoring ecological change, evaluating woody vegetation dynamics under variable fire and herbivore regimes, and supporting ongoing research on savanna ecosystem functioning within the Kruger National Park.
Riparian Woody Vegetation Composition and Structure in Long-Term Monitoring Plots Along the Sabie River, Kruger National Park (2011-2012)
This dataset contains measurements of woody vegetation composition and structural attributes collected in 2009 and 2010 from 15 long-term riparian monitoring plots located along the Sabie River in the southern region of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. The Sabie River is the park’s most perennial river system and supports diverse riparian plant communities influenced by hydrological variability, flooding dynamics, sediment deposition, herbivory, and climate-driven disturbance. Within each monitoring plot, field teams recorded woody species identity, stem density, plant height, and stem diameter. Additional structural and condition indicators were collected, including canopy breakage, evidence of bark stripping, resprouting status, and whether individuals were toppled or alive at the time of sampling. These structural attributes provide detailed assessments of disturbance impacts and vegetation condition within riparian zones. Data collection followed the same standardized protocols as the Southern Granites long-term vegetation monitoring program, allowing for cross-site comparisons between upland savanna and riparian systems. This dataset provides a baseline for evaluating long-term ecological change in riparian woody plant communities and supports ongoing research on the ecological functioning and resilience of river corridors in Kruger National Park.
Forest tree, woody debris, root ingrowth, soil respiration and characterization data from long-term research plots for LTREB at the University of Michigan Biological Station
The NSF-funded project "LTREB: Drivers of temperate forest carbon storage from canopy closure through successional time" (2014-2024) supports research to meet the following goals: 1) elucidate mechanisms responsible for changes in C storage over decades to centuries; 2) link processes leading to persistence and resilience of forest C storage following disturbance; 3) quantify the effects of potential drivers such as forest structure, N availability, climate change, and atmospheric deposition on decadal and longer-term trajectories of C storage. Field activities for this research are conducted at the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) on a pair of chronosequences and several old reference forests. Synthesis activities utilize data collected from these field sites in support of the LTREB project, as well as data synthesized from other sources (e.g., long-term UMBS plot data, AmeriFlux data, FIA data) all intended to address the core questions of the LTREB project. This dataset has been compiled and expanded over a series of versions, with new data types and observations appended periodically. Presently, the dataset includes observations from tree inventory censuses, woody debris sampling, fine root ingrowth cores, soil respiration measurements, and two sets of soil collections aimed at quantifying a range of physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil.
Long-Term Decomposition Plots at Harvard Forest 1990-2009
Mass loss (estimated by decreases in density) and total nitrogen content (TKN) is measured in decaying logs (1.2 m long and diameter range: 6-50 cm) and sticks (10-30 cm long and diameter less than 5 cm) of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) Logs and sticks were collected from freshly cut trees and placed on the forest floor in a red pine plantation (pine only) or a nearby red maple dominated deciduous forest (maple only) in the Prospect Hill tract. Maple logs and sticks lost density faster than did pine. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen is measured as a percent of organic matter in red pine and red maple logs. N content differed significantly according to state of decay (p=0.002) but not between species. Total organic phosphorus in Kjeldahl digests is measured as a percent of organic matter in red pine and red maple logs. P content differed significantly according to state of decay (p=0.0008) but not between species.
Long-term (1935-2019) tree population data from remeasurements of a large network of permanent study plots in old-growth forest, Dukes Research Natural Area, Marquette Co., MI, USA
The Dukes Research Natural Area (Hiawatha National Forest, Marquette Co., MI) amounts to ca. 100 ha of minimally disturbed original forests, including a mix of mesic 'hemlock-northern hardwood' types and peaty wetlands dominated by several species of swamp conifers and black ash (Fraxinus nigra). The RNA hosts a regular grid of 250 0.2-acre (~0.08 ha) permanent monitoring (CFI) plots. This package includes tree censuses for subsets of CFI plots conducted in 1935, 1948, and 1974-1980, and repeated censuses with mapped stems from 1989 to 2019. This 84-year record constitutes one of the longest repeated-measurement, permanent-plot data-sets for old-growth temperate forest.
Quadrat vegetation cover data on 1m x 1m plots from the long-term Small Mammal Exclusion Study (SMES) at Jornada Basin LTER, 1995-2020
This data package contains vegetation cover from plots with various levels of herbivore exclusion on the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) and Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) in Dona Ana County, southern New Mexico, USA. Study sites were established in 1995; one in black grama grassland and the other in creosotebush shrubland to compare the impact of herbivores on ecosystem processes between these vegetation types. Parallel studies were established at the Sevilleta LTER site (New Mexico, USA) and Mapimi Biosphere Reserve (Durango, Mexico). Each study site is 1 km by 0.5 km in area. Four replicate experimental blocks were randomly located at the grassland study site to measure vegetation responses using exclusion treatments including a) all mammalian herbivores, including cattle, lagomorphs, and rodents, b) lagomorphs and cattle only, c) cattle only, and d) control accessible to all herbivores. Because grazing cattle are excluded from the entire creosote site, only three replicate experimental blocks were randomly located there including a) all mammalian herbivores, including lagomorphs, and rodents, b) lagomorphs only, and c) control accessible to all herbivores. Thirty-six sampling points were positioned at 5.8-meter intervals on a systematically located 6 by 6 point grid within each plot. A permanent one-meter by one-meter vegetation measurement quadrat is located at each of the 36 points. At each quadrat, percent cover by individual plant species is measured. Other measurements include height (cm) of each species in the quadrat, and plant condition (living or dead). Data were collected in the spring and fall of every year from 1995 to 2005. After 2005, sampling frequency changed to every 5 years in the fall. This study is ongoing.
Leaf litter cover data on 1m x 1m plots from the long-term Small Mammal Exclusion Study (SMES) at Jornada Basin LTER, 1995-2020
This data package contains leaf litter cover data from plots with various levels of herbivore exclusion on the Jornada Experimental Range. Study sites were established in 1995; one in black grama grassland and the other in creosotebush shrubland to compare the impact of herbivores on ecosystem processes between these vegetation types. Parallel studies were established at the Sevilleta LTER site (New Mexico, USA) and Mapimi Biosphere Reserve (Durango, Mexico). Each study site is 1 km by 0.5 km in area. Four replicate experimental blocks were randomly located at the grassland study site to measure vegetation responses using exclusion treatments including a) all mammalian herbivores, including cattle, lagomorphs, and rodents, b) lagomorphs and cattle only, c) cattle only, and d) control accessible to all herbivores. Because grazing cattle are excluded from the entire creosote site, only three replicate experimental blocks were randomly located there including a) all mammalian herbivores, including lagomorphs, and rodents, b) lagomorphs only, and c) control accessible to all herbivores. Thirty-six sampling points were positioned at 5.8-meter intervals on a systematically located 6 by 6 point grid within each plot. A permanent one-meter by one-meter vegetation measurement quadrat is located at each of the 36 points. Each year in spring and fall from 1995-2005, the total percent cover of leaf litter in each quadrat was estimated by summing the percent of each 10 cm square within a quadrat (including 100 10-cm squares) containing leaf litter (See methods for a detailed explanation). After 2005, sampling frequency changed to every 5 years. This study is ongoing.
Rabbit feces counts on 1m x 1m plots from the long-term Small Mammal Exclosure Study (SMES) at Jornada Basin LTER, 1995-2020
This data package contains rabbit feces count data from plots with various levels of herbivore exclusion on Jornada Experimental Range (JER) and Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) lands. Study sites were established in 1995; one in black grama grassland and the other in creosotebush shrubland to compare the impact of herbivores on ecosystem processes between these vegetation types. Parallel studies were established at the Sevilleta LTER site (New Mexico, USA) and Mapimi Biosphere Reserve (Durango, Mexico). Each study site is 1 km by 0.5 km in area. Four replicate experimental blocks were randomly located at the grassland study site to measure vegetation responses using exclusion treatments including a) all mammalian herbivores, including cattle, lagomorphs, and rodents, b) lagomorphs and cattle only, c) cattle only, and d) control accessible to all herbivores. Because grazing cattle are excluded from the entire creosote site, only three replicate experimental blocks were randomly located there including a) all mammalian herbivores, including lagomorphs, and rodents, b) lagomorphs only, and c) control accessible to all herbivores. Thirty-six sampling points were positioned at 5.8-meter intervals on a systematically located 6 by 6 point grid within each plot. A permanent one-meter by one-meter vegetation measurement quadrat is located at each of the 36 points. Each year in spring and fall from 1995-2005, the total number of rabbit feces were counted within each quadrat. After 2005, sampling frequency channged to every 5 years and data collected record only presence or absence of feces. This study is ongoing.
Soil disturbance cover data on 1m x 1m plots from the long-term Small Mammal Exclusion Study (SMES) at Jornada Basin LTER, 1995-2020
This data package contains soil disturbance data from plots with various levels of herbivore exclusion on the Jornada Experimental Range. Study sites were established in 1995; one in black grama grassland and the other in creosotebush shrubland to compare the impact of herbivores on ecosystem processes between these vegetation types. Parallel studies were established at the Sevilleta LTER site (New Mexico, USA) and Mapimi Biosphere Reserve (Durango, Mexico). Each study site is 1 km by 0.5 km in area. Four replicate experimental blocks were randomly located at the grassland study site to measure vegetation responses using exclusion treatments including a) all mammalian herbivores, including cattle, lagomorphs, and rodents, b) lagomorphs and cattle only, c) cattle only, and d) control accessible to all herbivores. Because grazing cattle are excluded from the entire creosote site, only three replicate experimental blocks were randomly located there including a) all mammalian herbivores, including lagomorphs, and rodents, b) lagomorphs only, and c) control accessible to all herbivores. Thirty-six sampling points were positioned at 5.8-meter intervals on a systematically located 6 by 6 point grid within each plot. A permanent one-meter by one-meter vegetation measurement quadrat is located at each of the 36 points. Each year in spring and fall from 1995-2005, various forms of disturbances (human, rabbit, cow, antelope, rodent, etc) were measured by depth . After 2005, sampling frequency changed to every 5 years. This study is ongoing.
Soil chemistry and nutrient distribution in long-term NPP plots at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1989
This dataset contains soil nutrient and chemistry data from soils collected in 1989 at the 15 long-term NPP study sites at the Jornada Basin LTER site. The study sites were selected to represent the 5 major ecosystem types in the Chihuahuan Desert (upland grasslands, playa grasslands, mesquite-dominated shrublands, creosotebush-dominated shrublands, tarbush-dominated shrublands). For each ecosystem type, three sites were selected to represent the range in variability in production and plant diversity; thus the locations are not replicates. In 1989, replicate soil samples were collected at multiple depths from buffer zones surrounding the long-term vegetation monitoring plots. Nutrient and chemical analyses were subsequently performed on these soils, and the data here include inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, pH, cation concentration, percent organic carbon, and other variables. This dataset is complete.
Soil chemistry and nutrient distribution in long-term NPP plots at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1991
This dataset contains soil nutrient and chemistry data from soils collected in 1991 at the 15 long-term NPP study sites at the Jornada Basin LTER site. The study sites were selected to represent the 5 major ecosystem types in the Chihuahuan Desert (upland grasslands, playa grasslands, mesquite-dominated shrublands, creosotebush-dominated shrublands, tarbush-dominated shrublands). For each ecosystem type, three sites were selected to represent the range in variability in production and plant diversity; thus the locations are not replicates. In fall of 1991, replicate soil samples were collected at multiple spatial grid designs in the biomass plots of the long-term vegetation monitoring plots. Nutrient and chemical analyses were subsequently performed on these soils, and the data here include total nitrogen, pH, gravimetric water content, and other variables. This dataset is complete.
Data from: Structure and dynamics of secondary and mature rainforests: insights from South Asian long-term monitoring plots
<p><strong>1) DESCRIPTION </strong></p> <p>The dataset contains annual woody stems (shrubs and trees) census data collected from two long-term ecological monitoring plots spanning one hectare each in the Anamalai Hills of the Southern Western Ghats, India. These two plots represent one situated in a mature forest located within relatively undisturbed rainforest of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR) and one in secondary forest on the Valparai Plateau, respectively. Both plots have been censused and measured from 2017 to 2022 following the standardized protocol (RAINFOR-GEM, Marthews et al. 2014).</p> <p><br><strong>2) CONTACTS</strong></p> <p>CONTACT #1<br>1. Name: Akhil Murali<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 82812 97441<br>4. Email address: akhil@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: 0000-0001-6149-6458</p> <p>CONTACT #2<br>1. Name: Srinivasan Kasinathan<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: srini@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: 0000-0001-7323-6653 </p> <p>CONTACT #3<br>1. Name: Kshama Bhat<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: kshama@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: 000-0002-6190-2687</p> <p>CONTACT #4 <br>1. Name: Jayashree Ratnam <br>2. Work Address: National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 80 23666001 <br>4. Email address: jratnam@ncbs.res.in <br>5. ORCID: 0000-0002-6568-8374</p> <p>CONTACT #5<br>1. Name: Mahesh Sankaran <br>2. Work Address: National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 80 23666001<br>4. Email address: mahesh@ncbs.res.in <br>5. ORCID: 0000-0002-1661-6542</p> <p>CONTACT #6<br>1. Name: Divya Mudappa<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: divya@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: 0000-0001-9708-4826</p> <p>CONTACT #7<br>1. Name: T. R. Shankar Raman<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: trsr@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: 0000-0002-1347-3953</p> <p>CONTACT #8<br>1. Name: Anand M Osuri <br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: aosuri@ncf-india.org <br>5. ORCID: 0000-0001-9909-5633</p> <p><br><strong>3) GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE and SITE DESCRIPTION</strong></p> <p>a) Site type: : Tropical Forest<br>b) Geography: : Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Southern Western Ghats.<br>c) Habit: : Mid elevation Wet evergreen Forest<br>d) Site History: : </p> <p>i) MANAMBOLI- The Mature Forest plot (10.357748° N, 76.889747° E; 825 m asl) is situated within a relatively undisturbed 200-hectare mid-elevation tropical wet evergreen rainforest tract at the core of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR). This area has been protected from logging and other significant disturbances since its establishment as a protected area in 1979.</p> <p>ii) CANDURA- The Secondary Forest plot (10.30855411° N, 76.83391853° E; 875 m asl) is situated within a 124-hectare rainforest remnant on the Valparai Plateau: the Candura rainforest remnant. The Candura site experienced episodic selective logging in the 1990s and early 2000s, with the last logging episode occurring in 2004. In the early 2000s, the understorey of the remnant was cleared for Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) cultivation in the central and southern parts (abandoned in 2007), robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) in the northwestern corner (abandoned in the early 2000s), and pepper in 21 hectares in the northeastern part (established in 2015, abandoned in 2021).</p> <p>Climate: Humid tropical with about 2400 mm rainfall annually, falling mainly during the southwest monsoon.</p> <p><br><strong>4) TEMPORAL COVERAGE</strong></p> <p>a) Begins: 2017-11-30 (Year, Month, Day)<br>b) Ends: 2022-11-12 (Year, Month, Day)</p> <p><br>5) SAMPLING DESIGN AND METHODS </p> <p>a) Plot Design: Each 1 ha plot of 100 m × 100 m, sub-divided into 100 continuous sub-plots of 10 m × 10 m, was surveyed and mapped to maximum accuracy using a theodolite in the field, with grid corners permanently staked. <br>b) Data collection period and frequency: After the plot establishment in NOvember -- December 2017, the plots were recensused each year (around November). <br>c) Research Methods: All woody plant individuals with girth at breast height (GBH, at 1.3 m) ≥10 cm were tagged with numbered aluminum tags and spatially mapped. Plant species were identified using standard floral keys. Stem GBH was measured for all single stemmed individuals. For trees with buttresses, the GBH point of measurement (POM) was taken at 50 cm above the buttresses or at the height where the stem is regular. New saplings that recruited into the ≥10 cm GBH class were identified, mapped, tagged, and added to the monitoring. Stems that appeared to be dead were recorded at each monitoring and those that showed no signs of recovery in subsequent visits were recorded as mortality.</p> <p><br><strong>6) FILES INCLUDED</strong></p> <p>The dataset includes the following 9 files, whose details and contents are explained below. (Wherever used in the various files, NA implies not available.)</p> <p>01_README.txt<br>Metadata (this file) including information on the dataset explaining associated files and their contents.</p> <p>02_Candura_annual_census.csv <br>This contains the Annual census data with the following column headings: <br>site: Site name (Can = Candura)<br>cno: Census Number (1 = 2017, 2 = 2018..., 6 = 2022)<br>ymd: Date in DD-MM-YYYY format (Day Month Year)<br>gno: Grid Number<br>tno: Unique tag number for the plant<br>pno: Pole Number (unique alphabetic code for each stem of multi-stemmed individuals)<br>sps: Species name as codes<br>lx: X coordinate of tree in the 10 m × 10 m subplot (in metres)<br>ly: Y coordinate of tree in the 10 m × 10 m subplot (in metres)<br>ht1: Point of measurement at 1.3 m above the ground or 50 cm above the top of the highest buttress or stilt root (POM1)<br>c1: Alive status of the stem at the POM1 (coded according Marthews et al. 2014, page: 97)<br>g1: Stem girth at POM1 (in centimetre)<br>ht2: 20 cm above the ht1 or point of measurement 2 (POM2) recording girth at which the dendroband is attached<br>c2: Alive status of the stem at the POM2 (coded acording Marthews et al. 2014, page: 97)<br>g2: Girth at POM2 (in centimetre)<br>dyn: whether the dendroband is attached to the tree or not (y-Yes, n-No)<br>da: alive status of stem (d-dead,a-alive)<br>remarks: remarks or notes</p> <p>03_Manamboly_annual_census.csv<br>This contains Annual census data with the following column headings: <br>site: Site name (Man = Manamboli)<br>cno: Census Number (1 = 2017, 2 = 2018..., 6 = 2022)<br>ymd: Date in DD-MM-YYYY format (Day Month Year)<br>gno: Grid Number<br>tno: Unique tag number for the plant<br>pno: Pole Number (unique alphabetic code for each stem of multi-stemmed individuals)<br>sps: Species name as codes<br>lx: X coordinate of tree in the 10 m × 10 m subplot (in metres)<br>ly: Y coordinate of tree in the 10 m × 10 m subplot (in metres)<br>ht1: Point of measurement at 1.3 m above the ground or 50 cm above the top of the highest buttress or stilt root (POM1)<br>c1: Alive status of the stem at the POM1 (coded according Marthews et al. 2014, page: 97)<br>g1: Stem girth at POM1 (in centimetre)<br>ht2: 20 cm above the ht1 or point of measurement 2 (POM2) recording girth at which the dendroband is attached<br>c2: Alive status of the stem at the POM2 (coded acording Marthews et al. 2014, page: 97)<br>g2: Girth at POM2 (in centimetre)<br>dyn: whether the dendroband is attached to the tree or not (y-Yes, n-No)<br>da: alive status of stem (d-dead,a-alive)<br>remarks: remarks or notes</p> <p>04_Candura_vernier.csv<br>This file has the girth measurement of trees with lianas where digital vernier calipers were used to measure stem diameter since it was not possible to measure stem girth using measuring tape.<br>site: Site name (Can = Candura)<br>cno: Census Number<br>ymd: Date in DD-MM-YYYY format (Day Month Year)<br>gno: Grid Number<br>tno: Unique tag number for the plant<br>pno: Pole Number (unique alphabetic code for each stem of multi-stemmed individuals)<br>sps: Species name as codes<br>vern1_d1 First measure of diameter at POM1 (in millimetre) <br>vern2_d1 Second measure of diameter at POM1 (in millimetre) <br>vern3_d1 Third measure of diameter at POM1 (in millimetre) <br>calc_g1: Girth at POM1 (in centimetre; calculated using the averaged value as diameter from the three measurements)<br>vern1_d2 First measure of diameter at POM2 (in millimetre) <br>vern2_d2 Second measure of diameter at POM2 (in millimetre) <br>vern3_d2 Third measure of diameter at POM2 (in millimetre) <br>calc_g2 Girth at POM2 (in centimetre; calculated using the averaged value as diameter from the three measurements)<br>Remarks Remarks and notes</p> <p>05_Manamboli_vernier.csv<br>This file has the girth measurement of trees with lianas where digital vernier calipers were used to measure stem diameter since it was not possible to measure stem girth using measuring tape.<br>site: Site name (Man = Manamboli)<br>cno: Census Number<br>ymd: Date in DD-MM-YYYY format (Day Month Year)<br>gno: Grid Number<br>tno: Unique tag number for the plant<br>pno: Pole Number (unique alphabetic code for each stem of multi-stemmed individuals)<br>sps: Species name as codes<br>vern1_d1 First measure of diameter at POM1 (in millimetre) <br>vern2_d1 Second measure of diameter at POM1 (in millimetre) <br>vern3_d1 Third measure of diameter at POM1 (in millimetre) <br>calc_g1: Girth at POM1 (in centimetre; calculated using the averaged value as diameter from the three measurements)<br>vern1_d2 First measure of diameter at POM2 (in millimetre) <br>vern2_d2 Second measure of diameter at POM2 (in millimetre) <br>vern3_d2 Third measure of diameter at POM2 (in millimetre) <br>calc_g2 Girth at POM2 (in centimetre; calculated using the averaged value as diameter from the three measurements)<br>Remarks Remarks and notes</p> <p>06_Candura_Height_data.csv<br>This contains data on the heights of individual trees in plot as measured in 2018.<br>site: Site name (Can = Candura)<br>ymd: Date in YYYY/MM/DD format (Year Month Day)<br>gno: Grid Number: <br>tno: unique tag number: <br>pno: Pole Number (unique alphabetic code for each stem of multi-stemmed individuals)<br>sps: Species name as codes: <br>lx: X coordinate of tree in the 10 m × 10 m subplot (in metres)<br>ly: Y coordinate of tree in the 10 m × 10 m subplot (in metres)<br>height: Height of tree in metres<br>remarks: Remarks: and notes</p> <p>07_Manamboli_Height_data.csv<br>This contains data on the heights of individual trees in plot as measured in 2018.<br>site: Site name (Man = Manamboli)<br>ymd: Date in YYYY-MM-DD format (Year Month Day)<br>gno: Grid Number: <br>tno: unique tag number: <br>pno: Pole Number (unique alphabetic code for each stem of multi-stemmed individuals)<br>sps: Species name as codes: <br>lx: X coordinate of tree in the 10 m × 10 m subplot (in metres)<br>ly: Y coordinate of tree in the 10 m × 10 m subplot (in metres)<br>height: Height of tree in metres<br>remarks: Remarks: and notes</p> <p>08_Species_name_match.csv<br>This file provides the combined list of species codes updated taxonomy and successional guild. Scientific names were updated to current taxonomy using the species name matching tool of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF (www.gbif.org).<br>sps: Species codes<br>query : Scientific name of the plant at the time of data collection: <br>scientificName: : with auther citation: <br>key: GBIF key<br>rank: Taxonomic rank or level of identification (GENUS, SPECIES)<br>kingdom: Taxonomic Kingdom (plants) provided by GBIF name matching tool: <br>phylum: Taxonomic Phylum provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>class: Taxonomic Class provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>order: Taxonomic Order provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>family: Taxonomic Family provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>genus: Taxonomic Genus provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>botanical_name: Updated scientific name of the species provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>habt_new: Successional guild of the species (Mature = mature forest species; Secondary = secondary successional species; Int - Introduced species)</p> <p>09_R_scrpt_for_manuscript.R<br>Text file with code in the R statistical and programming environment (www.r-project.org).</p> <p><br><strong>Reference</strong><br>Marthews TR, Riutta T, Oliveras Menor I, Urrutia R, Moore S, Metcalfe D, Malhi Y, Phillips O, Huaraca Huasco W, Ruiz Jaén M, Girardin C, Butt N, Cain R and colleagues from the RAINFOR and GEM networks (2014). Measuring Tropical Forest Carbon Allocation and Cycling: A RAINFOR-GEM Field Manual for Intensive Census Plots (v3.0). Manual, Global Ecosystems Monitoring network, http: //gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk/.</p> <p> </p>
Long-term (1993-2019) dynamics of tree populations on a mapped 3-ha permanent plot in old-growth northern hardwood forest, Huron Mts., Marquette Co., MI, USA
This data-set includes multiple remeasurements, over 25 years, of all woody stems >2 cm diameter (total of 2125 stems) on a 2.72-ha stem-mapped plot in old-growth northern hardwood forest in the Huron Mountains region of northern Marquette County, MI. The plot and surrounding forest is dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). Among secondary species, yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) and basswood (Tilia americana) are most common. Soils (identified as Kalkaska series) are developed on deep sandy glacial outwash. The plot is within a much larger region of old-growth forest, protected since ca. 1880, with only minimal disturbance associated with access tracks and trails. Numerous other forest community and dendrochronological studies support the interpretation that the area around the study plot has not experienced stand-initiating disturbance for at least 400 years. Initial mapping and measurements (1993-1995 for 2.52 ha; an additional 0.2 ha added in 1999) used a 20x20 m grid established in a near-level area of uniform substrate. All stems were identified to species, mapped on polar coordinates from the center of each grid cell (including, at first measurement, identifiable dead trees, standing and down), and diameter at breast height (dbh) measured to nearest 0.1 cm. All stems were remeasured on a five-year cycle 1999-2019, and new mortality was recorded at each remeasurement. New recruits > 2 cm dbh were added at each remeasurement.
Long-term (1962-2019) tree demography on permanent plots in old-growth northern hardwood forests of the Huron Mountains, Marquette Co., Michigan.
This package contains tree demographic data from multiple remeasurements of several sets of permanent study plots in old-growth hemlock-northern hardwood forests in northern Marquette Co., Michigan. Plots were established from 1962-2001, with five to nine censuses over the study period. Plots are distributed over a large and diverse area of old-growth forests protected since ca. 1880, with no commercial management and active management limited to maintenance of trails and tracks. Most plots have not experienced stand-originating disturbances for at least 400 years (based on increment cores); three plots are in stands originating following a fire ca. 1830 ("Bourdo plots" 7094-7096). Forests are dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis); secondary species include yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), basswood (Tilia americana), and hop-hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana). Soils are variable, ranging from deep sandy outwash to thin layers of rocky till over bedrock. Mortality and diameter growth of all trees were recorded at each remeasurement. Protocols for measurement and stem-mapping are described in Methods. Several publications use some of the data included in this package -- see 'journal citations'. (identified as Kalkaska series) are developed on deep sandy glacial outwash. The plot is within a much larger region of old-growth forest, protected since ca. 1880, with only minimal disturbance associated with access tracks and trails. Numerous other forest community and dendrochronological studies support the interpretation that the area around the study plot has not experienced stand-initiating disturbance for at least 400 years. Initial mapping and measurements (1993-1995 for 2.52 ha; an additional 0.2 ha added in 1999) used a 20x20 m grid established in a near-level area of uniform substrate. All stems were identified to species, mapped on polar coordinates from the center of each grid cell (including, at first measurement, identif
Long-term (1993-2019) tree population measurements from a mapped 2.9-ha permanent plot in old-growth northern hardwood forest, Dukes Research Natural Area, Marquette Co., MI, USA
The Dukes Research Natural Area (Hiawatha National Forest, Marquette Co., MI) amounts to ca. 100 ha of minimally disturbed original forests, including a mix of mesic 'hemlock-northern hardwood' types and peaty wetlands dominated by several species of swamp conifers and black ash (Fraxinus nigra). The RNA hosts a regular grid of 250 permanent monitoring plots (data to be provided in a separate package). In 1993-95, a macroplot of 2.91 ha was established in a mixed mesic upland forest area within the RNA, in which all woody stems >2 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were identified, measured, and mapped. In 1999 and again every five years subsequently through 2019, the macroplot was recensused; all stems were remeasured, stems newly recruited (>2 cm DBH) were measured and mapped, and any mortality since previous census was noted and described. A severe storm in 2002 resulted in extensive mortality throughout the RNA, particularly in the area in and around the macroplot.
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