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47 results for “low latitudes”
Mechanisms mediating plant distributions across estuarine landscapes in a low-latitude tidal estuary
Understanding of how plant communities are organized and will respond to global changes requires an understanding of how plant species respond to multiple environmental gradients. We examined the mechanisms mediating the distribution patterns of tidal marsh plants along an estuarine gradient in Georgia using a combination of field transplant experiments and monitoring. Our results could not be fully explained by the “competition-to-stress hypothesis” (the current paradigm explaining plant distributions across estuarine landscapes). This hypothesis states that the upstream limits of plant distributions are determined by competition, and the downstream limits by abiotic stress. We found that competition was generally strong in freshwater and brackish marshes, and that conditions in brackish and salt marshes were stressful to freshwater marsh plants, results consistent with the competition-to-stress hypothesis. Four other aspects of our results, however, were not explained by the competition-to-stress hypothesis. First, several halophytes found the freshwater habitat stressful, and performed best (in the absence of competition) in brackish or salt marshes. Second, the upstream distribution of one species was determined by the combination of both abiotic and biotic (competition) factors. Third, marsh productivity (estimated by standing biomass) was a better predictor of relative biotic interaction intensity (RII) than was salinity or flooding, suggesting that productivity is a better indicator of plant stress than salinity or flooding gradients. Fourth, facilitation played a role in mediating the distribution patterns of some plants. Our results illustrate that even apparently simple abiotic gradients can encompass surprisingly complex processes mediating plant distributions.
Supplementary Information to: "Living on the edge: Response of rudist bivalves (Hippuritida) to hot and highly seasonal climate in the low-latitude Saiwan site, Oman"
<p>This dataset contains supplementary information required to understand and reproduce the study detailed in our manuscript titled "<em>Living on the edge: Response of rudist bivalves (Hippuritida) to hot and highly seasonal climate in the low-latitude Saiwan site, Oman</em>" which was submitted for publication to Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.</p>
Additional results for article "A new approach for the generation of real-time GNSS low-latitude ionospheric scintillation maps"
<p>Complete set of interpolation error and correlation metrics for the approaches GDA, IDW, RBF and GPR for all the 12 pre-processing options using the SSS cross-validation scheme for the 10-hour dataset (40 maps with 16-minute interval for each approach and each pre-processing options) - file “Complete table of interpolation errors and correlation.csv”.</p> <p>Complete set of scintillation maps for the approaches GDA, IDW, RBF and GPR for all the 12 pre-processing options covering the 10-hour dataset (40 maps with 16-minute interval for each approach and each pre-processing options) - file “Scintillation maps for the 10-hour dataset.zip”.</p> <p>Comparison plots of the scintillation maps generated by the approaches GDA, IDW, RBF and GPR with the pre-processing options SAR, SMR and VQI for each of the 40 intervals of time of 16 minutes covering the 10-hour dataset - file “Set of maps for all 4 approaches with the SAR, SMR and VQI sets of options.zip”.</p> <p>Sequence of scintillation maps for the 8-hour dataset generated by the GPR(VQI) approach for the three time resolutions (1, 2, and 16-minute) - file “Scintillation maps for the 8-hour comparison dataset.zip”.</p> <p>Animations corresponding to the sequence of maps generated by the GPR(VQI) approach for the 8-hour dataset, and for the three time resolutions (1, 2, and 16-minute) - file “Animations of GPR(VQI) maps for the 8-hour comparison dataset.zip”.</p>
Dataset of "Vertical-Wind-Induced Cloud Opacity Variation in Low Latitudes Simulated by a Venus GCM"
<p>This dataset contains the GrADS data of Venus GCM results used for figures in the paper "Vertical-Wind-Induced Cloud Opacity Variation in Low Latitudes Simulated by a Venus GCM" by H. Karyu et al. (2022). </p> <p>The file 'dataset_day1' contains the three-dimensional (X: longitude, Y: latitude, Z:altitude (km)) data of temperature (unit: K), zonal wind velocity (unit: m/s), meridional wind velocity (unit: m/s), vertical wind velocity (unit: m/s), geopotential height (unit: m), cloud mass mixing ratio of mode 1, 2, 2', 3 particles, mass mixing ratio of sulfuric acid, air density (unit: kg/m<sup>3</sup>), cloud mass mixing ratio changing rate of mode 1, 2, 2', 3 particles (unit: 1/s), in snapshots of every 3 hours for the periods of the first Venusian days (117 Earth days). The file 'dataset_day2' contains the same for the second Venusian days.</p> <p>The file 'cloudtau-wc' contains three-dimensional (X: longitude, Y: latitude, Z:altitude (km)) data of column-integrated optical depth (COD) of mode 1, 2, 2' 3 particles and column mass abundance of mode 1, 2, 2' 3 particles (unit: kg/m<sup>2</sup>), in snapshots of every 3 hours for the periods of 2 Venusian days (234 Earth days). The COD at each altitude corresponds to the integrated value from the top of the atmosphere, and the column mass abundance of each altitude corresponds to the integrated value from the bottom of the atmosphere. The COD is calculated with the cloud mass mixing ratio stored in the file ‘dataset’ and extinction efficiency shown in the paper.</p> <p>The file 'stf-wc' contains two-dimensional (Y: latitude, Z:altitude (km)) data of mass stream function (unit: kg/s) and residual mass stream function (unit: kg/s), in snapshots of every 3 hours for the periods of 2 Venusian days (234 Earth days). One should refer to Holton (2004) for the definition of the (residual) mass stream function.</p> <p>The files 'dataset_comp' and 'taudataset_comp' are composite mean data of 'dataset' and 'cloudtau-wc', respectively, in snapshots of every 3 hours for the period of 30 days starting from day 86 of the simulation (Earth day). The composite mean is calculated by averaging atmospheric parameters with respect to the frame moving at the rotation period of 7.1-day.</p> <p>The file ‘scripts’ contains FORTRAN scripts and some additional files to derive the atmospheric parameters stored in 'cloudtau-wc’, 'stf-wc’, 'dataset_comp' and ‘taudataset_comp' from the GCM output file ‘dataset’. Please refer to the ‘README.txt’ contained in ‘scripts’ for how to use FORTRAN scripts, required input files and their output.</p> <p>The .tar.xz files can be extracted in Linux with 'tar Jxvf' command, and .grd and .ctl files with the same stem are generated.</p> <p> </p>
Very low latitude whistler-mode data
<p>Very low latitude whistler-mode data as zipped text. Newer version at: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3381090</p>
Flaring Latitudes in Ensembles of Low Mass Stars
<p>Simulated data, and aggregated results necessary to recreate the results and figures in the forthcoming paper, Ilin et al. 2023: "Flaring Latitudes in Ensembles of Low Mass Stars" (link TBD). The double timestamped files are simulated mean and standard deviation values for ensembles of randomly oriented stars, split into the training and the validation data sets. Their configurations are listed in the _all_runs file. You can find the aggregated mean and standard deviation values in _all_means_std. The flare parameter fits from Fig. 1 are under _a_from_ed and fwhm_from_ed_a. The fit parameters from Table 2 in the paper are in fit_paratemers. The results for the Okamoto et al. (2021) G dwarf flares are in okamoto2021_table.</p>
Local Adaptation to Freezing in High and Low Latitude Populations of L. tridentata (Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico; Higuerillas, Mexico) and L. divaricata (Bajada del Diablo and Chamical, Argentina) (2006-2009))
If freezing limits establishment of warm desert shrubs at high latitudes, shrubland distributions may be altered as a result of rising global temperatures. However, variation in plant physiology and morphology can be observed across climate gradients and may be acted on by selection to produce adaptation to local climate conditions, thereby ameliorating low temperature stress. Freezing damage in evergreens is closely linked to vessel size distribution because larger xylem conduits are more likely to become air-filled during freezing. In addition, plastic variation, rather than genetic, may be responsible for differences in freezing tolerance among populations. In order to determine if local adaptation to freezing is present in two species of the genus Larrea, L. tridentata and L. divaricata, we investigated xylem vessel size distributions in field grown L. tridentata adults and saplings grown in a common garden from high latitude (Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge) and low latitude (Higuerillas, Mexico) sites in the Chihuahuan Desert in North America. High latitude (Bajada del Diablo, Argentina) and low latitude (Chamical, Argentina) populations of Larrea divaricata were selected for investigation from the Monte Desert in South America.
A statistical study on the local time dependence of equatorial spread F (ESF) irregularities and their relation to low latitude Es layers under geomagnetic storms
<p>The data can be downloaded from this site about our work.</p>
Data from: Low fitness at low latitudes: wintering in the tropics increases migratory delays and mortality rates in an arctic-breeding shorebird
<p>1. Evolutionary theories of seasonal migration generally assume that the costs of longer migrations are balanced by benefits at the non-breeding destinations. 2. We tested, and rejected, the null hypothesis of equal survival and timing of spring migration for High Arctic breeding sanderling Calidris alba using six and eight winter destinations between 55° N and 25° S, respectively. 3. Annual apparent survival was considerably lower for adult birds wintering in tropical West-Africa (Mauritania: 0.74 and Ghana: 0.75) than in three European sites (0.84, 0.84 and 0.87) and in subtropical Namibia (0.85). Moreover, compared with adults, second calendar-year sanderlings in the tropics, but not in Europe, often refrained from migrating north during the first possible breeding season. During northward migration, tropical-wintering sanderlings occurred at their final staging site in Iceland 5-15 days later than birds wintering further north or south. Namibia-wintering sanderlings tracked with solar geolocators only staged in West-Africa during southward migration. 4. The low annual survival, the later age of first northward migration and the later passage through Iceland during northward migration of tropical-wintering sanderlings, in addition to the skipping of this area during northward but not southward migration by Namibia-wintering sanderlings, all suggest they face issues during the late non-breeding season in West-Africa. 5. Migrating sanderlings defy long distances but may end up in winter areas with poor fitness prospects. We suggest that ecological conditions in tropical West-Africa make the fuelling prior to northward departure problematic. </p>
Low-Latitude Whistler-Mode and Higher-Latitude Z-mode Emission at Jupiter Observed by Juno
<p>This is the supporting data set for the paper by the same title published in AGU JGR Space Physics, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028742">10.1029/2020JA028742</a></p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Whistler-mode chorus emission is important in the scattering and acceleration of electrons and filling of the radiation belts at Jupiter. In this work whistler mode magnetic intensity levels at Jupiter are comprehensively binned and parameterized. The frequency range of whistler mode under study extends from the proton cyclotron frequency, f<sub>cH</sub>, to f<sub>ceq</sub>/2, where f<sub>ceq</sub> is the cyclotron frequency mapped to the magnetic equator. Parametric dependence of magnetic plasma wave intensity is obtained versus frequency, latitude, and M-shell, as determined using a current magnetic field model based on Juno data. The results extend similar analyses of Jupiter whistler-mode emission obtained by the Galileo spacecraft, particularly on the nightside, and provide better coverage in latitude. Peaks in whistler-mode emission occur near M ~ 8-9, similar to previous studies, with average peak intensities approaching 10<sup>-2</sup> nT<sup>2</sup>, as also found by Galileo on the dayside. Auroral hiss and probably Z-mode are observed at higher latitudes. Jovian chorus emissions near an equatorial source region are more broad-banded than terrestrial chorus, and are coincident with a broad-banded electron distribution of free energy and strong electron scattering to large pitch angles. Intense whistler mode within a young plasma injection region is also observed, similar to injections in Saturn's magnetosphere. Future study of wave particle interactions within the chorus source region will be important. Possible Z-mode emission at significant intensity levels is observed in Jupiter’s inner magnetosphere, more intense, but not unlike Z-mode observed at Saturn.</p> <p><strong>Key Points</strong></p> <ul> <li>Jupiter whistler-mode & Z-mode intensity is binned in f, M, Magnetic latitude, and MLT</li> <li>Chorus emission coincident with electron scattering in source region</li> <li>Narrowband Z-mode emission likely observed at higher frequencies</li> </ul>
Data from: Higher predation risk for insect prey at low latitudes and elevations
Biotic interactions underlie ecosystem structure and function, but predicting interaction outcomes is difficult. We tested the hypothesis that biotic interaction strength increases toward the equator, using a global experiment with model caterpillars to measure predation risk. Across an 11,660-kilometer latitudinal gradient spanning six continents, we found increasing predation toward the equator, with a parallel pattern of increasing predation toward lower elevations. Patterns across both latitude and elevation were driven by arthropod predators, with no systematic trend in attack rates by birds or mammals. These matching gradients at global and regional scales suggest consistent drivers of biotic interaction strength, a finding that needs to be integrated into general theories of herbivory, community organization, and life-history evolution.
Data for "Low- and mid-latitude ionospheric response to the 2013 St Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm in the American Sector: GITM simulation"
<p>The dataset stores the GITM simulation results for the study "Low- and mid-latitude ionospheric response to the 2013 St Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm in the American Sector: GITM simulation"</p>
The overlooked contribution of the seasonal mixed layer pump to carbon export in low-latitude regions
<ul> <li> <p><strong>MLP_data_processing.R</strong><br>Code for preprocessing datasets in the study</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>MLP_figures.R</strong><br>Code for generating all figures presented in the study</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>MLP_functions.R</strong><br>Code of custom functions in the study</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>low_bbs_all.RData</strong><br>Quality-controlled BGC-Argo floats dataset in this study</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>low_mlp_ncp_ratio_new_2023.RData</strong><br>EMLP and EMLP/EP for all 37 float_year</p> </li> <li><strong>low_mlp_ratio_2023.RData</strong><br>1°*1° EMLP and EMLP/EP for low-latitude regions</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Stripe-Like Echoes Scattered from Nighttime F-Region Field-Aligned Irregularities at Low-Latitudes
<p>The dataset reports the estimated vertical Total Electron Content (TEC) from 221 GPS receivers came from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China on 9 September 2017. Every receiver's data is saved in a TXT file, whose time resolution is thirty seconds.</p>
Data from: A low-latitude species pump: Peripheral isolation, parapatric speciation and mating-system evolution converge in a marine radiation
<p><span>Geologically recent radiation can shed light on speciation processes, but incomplete lineage sorting and introgressive gene flow render accurate evolutionary reconstruction and interpretation challenging. Independently evolving metapopulations of low-dispersal taxa may provide an additional level of phylogeographic information, given sufficiently broad sampling and genome-wide sequencing. Evolution in the marine brown algal genus </span><span>Fucus</span><span> in the south-eastern Atlantic was shaped by Quaternary climate-driven range shifts. Over this timescale, divergence and speciation occurred against a background of expansion-contraction cycles from multiple refugia, together with mating-system shifts from outcrossing (dioecy) to selfing hermaphroditism. We tested the hypothesis that peripheral isolation of range edge (dioecious) </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> led to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages. Species tree methods using 876 single-copy nuclear genes and extensive geographic coverage produced conflicting topologies with respect to geographic clades of </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span>. All methods, however, revealed a new and early diverging hermaphrodite species, </span><span>Fucus macroguiryi</span><span> sp. Nov. Both the multispecies coalescent and polymorphism-aware models (in contrast to concatenation) support sequential paraphyly in </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> resulting from distinct evolutionary processes. Our results support 1) peripheral isolation of the southern </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> clade prior to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages – a "low latitude species pump". 2) Directional introgressive gene flow into </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> around the present-day secondary contact zone (sympatric-allopatric boundary) between dioecious/hermaphrodite lineages as hermaphrodites expanded northwards, as supported by concordance analysis and statistical tests of introgression. Species boundaries in the extensive sympatric range are likely maintained by reproductive system (selfing in hermaphrodites) and reinforcement.</span></p>
ScintiPi3 data sets for "First observations of severe scintillation over low-to-mid latitudes driven by quiet-time extreme equatorial plasma bubbles: conjugate measurements enabled by citizen science initiatives"
<p>ScintPi 3.0 data sets for "First observations of severe scintillation over low-to-mid latitudes driven by quiet-time extreme equatorial plasma bubbles: conjugate measurements enabled by citizen science initiatives" by Sousasantos et al. (2024).</p>
Observations of low-latitude traveling ionospheric disturbances by a 630-nm airglow imager and the CHAMP satellite over Indonesia
<p>We report the first comparison of ground and satellite measurements of low-latitude traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). Three TID events were simultaneously observed by a 630-nm airglow imager and the CHAMP satellite on April 30, 2006 (event 1), September 28, 2006 (event 2), and April 12, 2004 (event 3) at Kototabang, Indonesia (geographic coordinates: 0.2$^\circ$S, 100.3$^\circ$E, geomagnetic latitude: 10.6$^\circ$S). In 630-nm airglow images of all three events, there are clear southward-moving structures. Events 1 and 2 are a single pulse with horizontal scales of $\sim$500--1000 km. Event 3 shows five wave fronts with a horizontal scale size of 500--1000 km. All three TIDs are medium-scale TIDs. Horizontal wavelengths of both airglow intensity at an average emission altitude of 250 km and CHAMP neutral density variations measured at 400 km are estimated by fitting a sinusoidal function to the observed data. For events 1 and 3, estimated horizontal wavelengths are nearly equal, indicating both instruments are observing the same wave. For event 1, the CHAMP electron density mapped along the geomagnetic field line onto the airglow altitude does not show wave structure similar<br> to the airglow variation. For events 2 and 3, the relationship of electron density and airglow intensity is unclear. These results suggest that the cause of the observed TID is not caused by ionospheric plasma instability but by gravity waves in the thermosphere. According to these results, we conclude that the observed TIDs in all three cases are caused by gravity waves in the thermosphere.</p>
Very low latitude whistler-mode data
<p>Very low latitude whistler-mode data as zipped text.</p>
The relationship between the present-day seasonal cycles of low clouds in the mid-latitudes and cloud-radiative feedback
<p>Supporting data for "The relationship between the present-day seasonal cycles of low clouds in the mid-latitudes and cloud-radiative feedback", by K. Furtado, Y. Tsushima and P. R. Field.</p>
Data from: Divergent mechanisms of reduced growth performance in Betula ermanii saplings from high-altitude and low-latitude range edges
<p><span>The reduced growth performance of individuals from range edges is a common phenomenon in various taxa, and considered to be an evolutionary factor that limits the species' range. However, most studies did not distinguish between two mechanisms that can lead to this reduction: genetic load and adaptive selection to harsh conditions. This study investigated the climatic and genetic factors underlying the growth performance of <em>Betula ermanii</em> saplings transplanted from 11 populations including high-altitude edge and low-latitude edge population using RAD-seq analysis.</span></p> <p>For 11 B. ermanii populations in wide-latitude range of Japan, we estimated gene diversity, nucleotide diversity, <span>the coefficients of linkage disequilibrium, genetic differentiation between populations, population structure as well as the relatedness coefficient from SNPs. As a result, the low-latitude edge population exhibited a high level of linkage disequilibrium, low genetic diversity, a distinct genetic composition from the other populations, and a high relatedness coefficient.</span></p> <p><span>This data contains two SNPs datas (vcf files) used in these analysis. We analyzed SNPs data separately for 8 planting sites. Then each tarball contains 8 separate vcf files. One tarball named "vcfAfterFiltering" contains vcf files after SNP filtering steps used for the calculation of the coefficients of linkage disequilibrium. Another tarball named "vcfAfterLDPruning" contains vcf files after SNP filtering and before LD-based pruning used for the calculation of other genetic parameters.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.