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openCC (other)Oct 2023View details →

Macroalgae Production in Florida Bay (FCE LTER), South Florida, USA, May 2007 - April 2023

Benthic primary production in Florida Bay is mainly driven by mangroves, seagrass, peryphiton, and macroalgae. The nutrient dynamics and salinity regimes at Florida Bay are strongly influenced by marine waters from the Gulf of Mexico, oceanic waters from the Atlantic Ocean and fresh waters from the Everglades creating a complex estuary with oligohaline ecotones. Marine and groundwater are sources of P and are expected to decline with increased freshwater inflow (Childers et al. 2006a; Price et al. 2006). The Taylor Slough ecotone, (TS/Ph), which flows into the Bay, is characterized by small tidal influence and clear seasonal variability in water source and quality (Davis et al. 2003; Sutula et al. 2001), receives P from shallow groundwater inputs (Price et al. 2006).Therefore the amount of freshwater inputs from the Everglades will affect salinity, water residence times, and the sources, availability, and flux of organic and inorganic nutrients on Florida Bay. As a consequence gradients of N and P concentrations are characteristic in the Bay with expected low concentration of P and high N on the fresh water end, contrasting with higher levels of P and lower of N towards the marine section of the Bay. This gradient in P concentrations is expected to reflect in differences in both primary production and biomass along the TS/Ph ecotone. One of the Everglades LTER scientist general hypothesis is "that increasing inputs of freshwater will enhance oligotrophy in nutrient-poor coastal systems, as long as the inflowing water has low nutrient content; this dynamic will be most pronounced in the oligohaline ecotone" (LTER program). In this context we expect to have a differential production of calcareous macroalgae along the TS-Ph transect which reflect the P gradient with low productivity towards the fresh water influenced sites close to the Everglades increasing towards the marine section of the Bay. We document the primary production of calcareous green macroalgae along th

openCC0Mar 2022View details →

Evaluating the precariousness of coral recovery when coral and macroalgae are alternative basins of attraction

When coral and macroalgae are alternative attractors, the trajectory of the benthic community following a major disturbance is shaped in part by whether herbivores keep macroalgae suppressed, leaving reef surfaces in a state suitable for coral colonization. Because macroalgae tend to colonize much faster than coral, an important issue is how close ambient herbivory is to the level where control of macroalgae is lost, that is, the precariousness of the coral-invasible state relative to the switch-point to macroalgae. In Moorea, French Polynesia, reefs dominated by the macroalga Turbinaria ornata remained so for multiple population turnovers, whereas reefs where Turbinaria was removed by a simulated pulse disturbance remained free of macroalgae throughout the 5-yr study. A field experiment revealed that macroalgae was unable to proliferate on disturbed reefs until ambient herbivory was reduced by more than 50%. Low precariousness of the coral-invasible state facilitated a gradual transition to a coral community because it allowed sufficient time for coral to repopulate. Accumulation of coral on disturbed reefs was 3.5 times greater than on undisturbed, Turbinaria-dominated reefs. Long-term persistence of the coral-invasible state was facilitated by high abundances of grazing herbivores that prevent the establishment of macroalgae, whereas persistence of the Turbinaria-dominated state reflected the scarcity of browsing herbivores that consume mature macroalgae. By revealing processes that foster bistability of coral and macroalgae states, our work helps explain the rich dynamical behavior exhibited by coral reef communities in Moorea and elsewhere. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-c

openCC (other)Mar 2022View details →

MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Distinguishing the molecular diversity, nutrient content, and energetic potential of exometabolomes produced by macroalgae and reef-building corals; data for Kelly et al., 2022 PNAS

Metabolites exuded by primary producers comprise a significant fraction of marine dissolved organic matter, a poorly characterized, heterogenous mixture that dictates microbial metabolism and biogeochemical cycling. We present a foundational untargeted molecular analysis of exudates released by coral reef primary producers using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to examine compounds produced by two coral species and three types of algae (macroalgae, turfing microalgae, and crustose coralline algae [CCA]) from Mo’orea, French Polynesia. Of 10,568 distinct ion features recovered from reef and mesocosm waters, 1,667 were exuded by producers; the majority (86%) were organism specific, reflecting a clear divide between coral and algal exometabolomes. These data allowed us to examine two tenets of coral reef ecology at the molecular level. First, stoichiometric analyses show a significantly reduced nominal carbon oxidation state of algal exometabolites than coral exometabolites, illustrating one ecological mechanism by which algal phase shifts engender fundamental changes in the biogeochemistry of reef biomes. Second, coral and algal exometabolomes were differentially enriched in organic macronutrients, revealing a mechanism for reef nutrient-recycling. Coral exometabolomes were enriched in diverse sources of nitrogen and phosphorus, including tyrosine derivatives, oleoyl-taurines, and acyl carnitines. Exometabolites of CCA and turf algae were significantly enriched in nitrogen with distinct signals from polyketide macrolactams and alkaloids, respectively. Macroalgal exometabolomes were dominated by nonnitrogenous compounds, including diverse prenol lipids and steroids. This study provides molecular-level insights into biogeochemical cycling on coral reefs and illustrates how changing benthic cover on reefs influences reef water chemistry with implications for microbial metabolism. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Founda

openCC (other)Jan 2025View details →

MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Priority effects in coral-macroalgae interactions can drive alternate community paths in the absence of top-down control, data for Adam 2022 Ecology

These data were generated in support of the manuscript: Adam TC, Holbrook SJ, Burkepile DE, Speare KE, Brooks AJ, Ladd MC, Shantz AA, Thurber RLV, and Schmitt RJ, Ecology The outcomes of species interactions can vary greatly in time and space with the outcomes of some interactions determined by priority effects. On coral reefs, benthic algae rapidly colonize the disturbed substrate. In the absence of top-down control from herbivorous fishes, these algae can inhibit the recruitment of reef-building corals, leading to a persistent phase shift to a macroalgae-dominated state. Yet, corals may also inhibit colonization by macroalgae, and thus the effects of herbivores on algal communities may be strongest following disturbances that reduce coral cover. Here, we report results from experiments conducted on the fore reef of Moorea, French Polynesia, where we: 1) tested the ability of macroalgae to invade coral-dominated and coral-depauperate communities under different levels of herbivory, 2) explored the ability of juvenile corals (Pocillopora spp.) to suppress macroalgae, and 3) quantified the direct and indirect effects of fish herbivores and corallivores on juvenile corals. We found that macroalgae proliferated when herbivory was low but only in recently disturbed communities where coral cover was also low. When coral cover was < 10%, macroalgae increased 20-fold within one year under reduced herbivory conditions relative to high herbivory controls. Yet, when coral cover was high (50%), macroalgae were suppressed irrespective of the level of herbivory despite ample space for algal colonization. Once established in communities with low herbivory and low coral cover, macroalgae suppressed recruitment of coral larvae, reducing the capacity for coral replenishment. However, when we experimentally established small juvenile corals (2 cm diameter) following a disturbance, juvenile corals inhibited macroalgae from invading local neighborhoods, even in the absence of herbivore

openCC (other)Aug 2025View details →

Categorical traits for macroalgae species of the Santa Barbara Channel

These data describe 32 categorical traits for 50 species of macroalgae found in the Santa Barbara Channel. Data are contained in one table, including a list of species, trait states for any given trait, and citations for where this information was found.

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PIE LTER abundances of macroalgae and Ruppia maritima in six high marsh ponds, Rowley, MA, during the summer of 2016.

We characterized the abundance of macroalgae and submerged grass in six ponds in three regions of the PIE-LTER marshes during summer 2016. Macroalgal communiteis were dominated by Ulva while Ruppia maritima was the only submerged grass present. Our goal was to determine whether macrophyte abundances varied predictably with pond dimensions (e.g., surface area, volume) or geographic attributes (e.g., elevation, distance from upland, marsh region). Samples were collected from several locations in each pond in order to capture spatial heterogeneity.

openCC (other)Jan 2020View details →

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

Drone aerial imagery of macroalgae growing in a small embayment at the western end of the Nuussuaq Peninsula in Northwest Greenland

<p>Aerial images of a small embayment at the western tip of the Nuussuaq Peninsula (NW Greenland) were acquired on 10 August 2019 using a DJI Phantom 3 Standard quadcopter drone. The imagery was acquired during the Vaigat Iceberg-Microbial Oil Degradation and Archaeological Heritage Investiga- tion (VIMOA) research cruise. Overlapping images were acquired during two consecutive flights using the 'interval' setting with a period of 5 seconds in the DJI Go app. The drone was flown manually. This drone survey was carried out with two primary objectives in mind: 1) Identify and quantify the macroalgae growing on the coast; 2) Identify any archaeological and cultural heritage sites that may be present. Images were processed using Agisoft PhotoScan Pro (v1.4.4; Linux Ubuntu). Images were aligned using the script CARMA_PhotoScan_Align.py (see this script for settings). After image alignment, the bounding box was visually inspected and the sparse point cloud was thinned using thresholds for the reconstruction uncertainty, projection accuracy, and reprojection error (gradual selection).  The remaining tie points in the sparse cloud were then used to build the dense cloud. The settings used for this step can be found in the script CARMA_PhotoScan_GS_DC_v2.py. Next, the dense point cloud was used to generate a digital elevation model (DEM) and, subsequently, an orthomosaic. The Agisoft PhotoScan processing report is also included.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Spectral signatures of macroalgae on Hawaiian reefs

<p>Spectral reflectance of benthic macroalgae in Hawaii.  Dataset accompanies this paper:</p> <div>Fuller, K., R.E. Martin, and G.P. Asner. 2024. Spectral signatures of macroalgae of Hawaiian reefs. <em>Remote Sensing</em> in review (will be updated shortly)</div> <div> </div> <div>Please cite this paper when using these data or any derivative of these data.</div> <p>The CSV file lists each spectral filename, species, and other information as referenced in the original journal paper.  The ZIP file contains each spectral file in Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) format.  Each binary ASD spectral file can be read using code provided here: https://github.com/ASU-GDCS/ASDtoCSV</p>

Figure 5 in Flow cytometric measurements as a proxy for sporulation intensity in the cultured macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta)

Figure 5: Sporulation index (SPI) for gametophytes of Ulva rigida after induction of gametogenesis at different temperatures (A) and irradiances (B). Experiment performed according workflow shown in Figure 1. Significant differences among means are indicated by different letters. Error bars represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 3).

Figure 4 in Flow cytometric measurements as a proxy for sporulation intensity in the cultured macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta)

Figure 4: Gamete counts of Ulva mutabilis collected from well-mixed culture medium. (A) Fluorescence of a dilution series of gametes measured using a plate reader. (B) For method validation, number of gametes measured by light-scattering flow cytometry (FCM) was compared with number of gametes determined by the Neubauer improved chamber. Error bars represent the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3).

Figure 1 in Flow cytometric measurements as a proxy for sporulation intensity in the cultured macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta)

Figure 1: Workflow to determine sporulation index (SPI). (i): (a) Ulva rigida thalli collected from cultivation tank. (b) Thalli dried at 20 °C for 1 h. (c) Three pieces of 1 cm2 U. rigida cut from each specimen used in experiment and left to dry together with thallus. (d) Each specimen photographed using light microscope (and area of known number of cells measured. (ii): (e) Fresh thalli chopped to induce sporulation. (f) Fragments weighed, washed with seawater, and inoculated into incubation flask. (g) After differentiation of thallus cells into gametangia, release of gametes induced through change of culture medium (Vtotal), defined volume (VFCM) of well-mixed culture medium (Vtotal) fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde before measuring number of gametes using flow cytometer and calculating total numbers in Vtotal. (iii): (h) Using cells per unit area and weight of 1 cm2, number of thallus cells in each flask calculated. SPI combined number of gametes discharged with number of thallus cells in incubation flask.

Figure 3 in Flow cytometric measurements as a proxy for sporulation intensity in the cultured macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta)

Figure 3: Flow cytometric measurements used to compare active with inactivate gametes of Ulva mutabilis. (i, ii) Mobile gametes were collected at the brightest spot and prepared for flow cytometric measurements. (iii, iv) Gametes were collected at the brightest spot as well. After chlorophyll removal, they were prepared for flow cytometric measurements. Plots present populations of gametes separated by their expected size (i, iii, % of the total counting events is given) and by the measured chlorophyll autofluorescence (ii, iv). The fluorescence measurements correspond to the gametes framed by the red gates in (i, iii). FSC-H, forward scatter height; SSC-H, side scatter height; FL, fluorescence (Fluo).

Figure 2 in Flow cytometric measurements as a proxy for sporulation intensity in the cultured macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta)

Figure 2: Distinction of gametes of Ulva mutabilis according to their autofluorescence using flow cytometric measurements. (A: i, ii) Gametes released by U. mutabilis were collected from the green layer in the spotlight (i.e., phototactically active gametes). (A: iii, iv) Gametes were collected after the culture medium was well-mixed. Plots present populations of gametes separated by their expected size (i, iii, % of the total counting events is given) and by the measured chlorophyll autofluorescence (ii, iv). The autofluorescence measurements correspond to the gametes framed by the red gates in (i, iii). (B) Percentages of high-level autofluorescence. Error bars represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 3); FSC-H, forward scatter height; SSC-H, side scatter height; FL, fluorescence (Fluo).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2017View details →

Fig. 3 in Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) Of Mussel Beds And Macroalgae On The Rocky Substrates In The North-Western Black Sea

Fig. 3. Average number of harpactocoid copepods per m2 and their percentage in total meiobenthos community.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2017View details →

Fig. 2 in Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) Of Mussel Beds And Macroalgae On The Rocky Substrates In The North-Western Black Sea

Fig. 2. Percentage of harpactocoid copepods in total meiobenthos community on different species of macrophyts.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Text-fig. 5. Reconstruction drawing of Pterigophycos sp. thallus growing on a rock surface (blades slightly simplified, details deemphasized). in A Whole-Plant Specimen Of The Marine Macroalga Pterigophycos From The Eocene Of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)

Text-fig. 5. Reconstruction drawing of Pterigophycos sp. thallus growing on a rock surface (blades slightly simplified, details deemphasized).