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14 results for “macroclimate”
Global seed dormancy patterns are driven by macroclimate but not fire regime
<ul><li>Seed dormancy maximizes plant recruitment in habitats with variation in environmental suitability for seedling establishment. Yet, we still lack a comprehensive synthesis of the macroecological drivers of nondormancy and the different classes of seed dormancy: physiological dormancy, morphophysiological dormancy and physical dormancy.</li><li>We examined current geographic patterns and environmental correlates of global seed dormancy variation. Combining the most updated data set on seed dormancy classes for > 10 000 species with > 4 million georeferenced species occurrences covering all of the world's biomes, we test how this distribution is driven by climate and fire regime.</li><li>Seed dormancy is prevalent in seasonally cold and dry climates. Physiological dormancy occurs in relatively dry climates with high temperature seasonality (e.g. temperate grasslands). Morphophysiological dormancy is more common in forest-dominated, cold biomes with comparatively high and evenly distributed precipitation. Physical dormancy is associated with dry climates with strong seasonal temperature and precipitation fluctuations (e.g. deserts and savannas). Nondormancy is associated with stable, warm and wetter climates (e.g. tropical rain forest). Pyroclimate had no significant effect on the distribution of seed dormancy.</li><li>The environmental drivers considered in this study had a comparatively low predictive power, suggesting that macroclimate is just one of several global drivers of seed dormancy.</li></ul>
Micro- and macroclimate interactively shape diversity, niches, and traits of Orthoptera communities along elevational gradients
<p>Temperature is one of the main drivers shaping species diversity and assembly processes. Yet, site-specific effects of the local microclimate on species and trait compositions of insect communities have rarely been assessed along macroclimatic temperature clines. Bavarian Alps, Germany Bayesian joint species distribution models were applied to investigate how ecological and morphological traits drive variation in the climatic niches of 32 Orthoptera species on 93 grassland sites with contrasting microclimatic conditions along a steep elevational macroclimatic gradient in an Alpine region in Central Europe. Species richness and abundance decreased along the elevational macroclimatic gradient, and both benefitted from warm microclimate. Interactive effects of elevation and microclimate on the abundance were, however, species-specific, and partly mediated by traits: Warm microclimatic conditions facilitated the occurrence of demanding xerophilic and late-hatching species, resulting in marked community dissimilarities at mid-elevations where colder sites harboured only a subset of the species. The latter mainly occurred at low elevations together with long-winged species. Abundance peaks of non-xerophilic species were further upslope when microclimate was warm. Intraspecifically, the body sizes and wing lengths of the larger females, but not the males, decreased with elevation akin the community mean, and brown colour morphs were more frequent at sites with warm microclimate. Our nuanced results reveal that trait-dependent responses of species to microclimate play a key role in the assembly and structuring of insect communities along macroclimatic gradients. Since microclimate preferences changed with elevation, we conclude that species temperature niches are narrower than the elevational range suggests and both macro- and microclimatic conditions must be considered when predicting species responses to climate change. Microclimatic contrasts among sites at similar elevations enhanced species turnover mediated by moisture preferences and phenology, highlighting the importance of mountains for conservation as climatic refugia where species with diverging niches can persist in proximity.</p>
Data from: Habitat-based biodiversity responses to macroclimate and edaphic factors in European fen ecosystems
<p>Understanding large-scale drivers of biodiversity in palustrine wetlands is challenging due to the combined effects of macroclimate and local edaphic conditions. In boreal and temperate fen ecosystems, the influence of macroclimate on biodiversity is modulated by hydrological settings across habitats, making It difficult to assess their vulnerability to climate change. Here, we investigate the influence of macroclimate and edaphic factors on three Essential Biodiversity Variables across eight ecologically defined habitats that align with ecosystem classifications and red lists. We used 27,555 vegetation plot samples from European fens to assess the influence of macroclimate and groundwater pH predictors on the geographic distribution of each habitat type. Additionally, we modeled the relative influence of macroclimate, water pH and water table depth on community species richness and composition, focusing on 309 plant specialists. Our models reveal strong effects of mean annual temperature, diurnal thermal range and summer temperature on biodiversity variables, with contrasting differences among habitats. While macroclimatic factors primarily shape geographic distributions and species richness, edaphic factors emerge as the primary drivers of composition for vascular plants and bryophytes. Annual precipitation exhibits non-linear effects on fen biodiversity, with varying impact across habitats with different hydrological characteristics, suggesting a minimum requirement of 600 mm of annual precipitation for the occurrence of fen ecosystems. Our results anticipate potential impacts of climate warming on European fens, with predictable changes among habitat types and geographic regions. Moreover, we provide evidence that the drivers of biodiversity in boreal and temperate fens are closely tied to the ecological characteristics of each habitat type and the dispersal abilities of bryophytes and vascular plants. Given that the influence of macroclimate and edaphic factors on fen ecosystems is habitat-specific, climate change research and conservation actions should consider ecological differentiation within functional IUCN ecosystems at continental and regional scales.</p>
Micro- and macroclimate interactively shape diversity, niches, and traits of Orthoptera communities along elevational gradients
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Data from: Habitat-based biodiversity responses to macroclimate and edaphic factors in European fen ecosystems
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Macroclimate drives growth of hair lichens in boreal forest canopies
<p><b>1. </b>Epiphytic lichens are important biodiversity components of forest canopies worldwide, significantly contributing to ecosystem function. The relative growth rate (RGR), a measure of fitness, drives population dynamics and shapes lichens' large-scale distributions. In a climate change scenario, we need to know how external (macro- and microclimate, and nitrogen deposition), and internal factors (cortical pigments, chlorophyll and specimen size) affect RGR in these ecologically important canopy organisms.</p> <p><b>2. </b>We used dominant pendulous (hair) lichens widely distributed across the boreal biome to test the hypothesis that precipitation drives RGR of pale (<i>Alectoria sarmentosa,</i> <i>Usnea dasopoga</i>) and dark species (<i>Bryoria fuscescens</i>) to a different extent across a large-scale gradient from continental to oceanic climates (precipitation: 450-2600 mm) in Scandinavia (60-64° N, 5-19° E). After transplanting lichens to lower branches of <i>Picea abies</i> in nine boreal forest sites for one year, we used linear mixed effect models to analyze how total precipitation, rainfall, number of days with rain, temperature sum, nitrogen deposition, light, chlorophyll <i>a</i> (an indicator of photosynthetic capacity), and size influenced their RGR.</p> <p><b>3. </b>RGR was highest in the pale species (<i>Alectoria</i> and <i>Usnea</i>) and increased with amount and frequency of precipitation, with >3 times higher RGR in the wettest compared to the driest site. The number of days with rain was a better predictor of RGR than total precipitation or rain. By contrast, RGR of the dark <i>Bryoria</i> weakly increased with precipitation. RGR in all species increased with light and decreased with size. Chlorophyll <i>a</i> concentration, boosted by moderate nitrogen deposition, increased RGR of all species.</p> <p><b>4. </b>In conclusion, rainfall likely drives the distribution of the pale species due to their higher RGR and abundance in wet climates but cannot explain why <i>Bryoria</i> dominate drier inland forests. Our results highlight that the functional links between rainfall and RGR depends on both color of the lichens (pale versus dark pigments) and hydration traits.</p> <p><b>5.</b><i> Synthesis</i>. Our findings may explain the global, regional and local distribution patterns of hair lichens and help us to predict how environmental hazards such as climate change and forestry influence these important boreal canopy components.</p>
Macroclimate drives growth of hair lichens in boreal forest canopies
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Data from: Thermal plasticity in postembryonic life history traits of a widely distributed Collembola: Effects of macroclimate and microhabitat on genotypic differences
Life history traits in many ectotherms show complex patterns of variation among conspecific populations sampled along wide latitudinal or climatic gradients. However, few studies have assessed whether these patterns can be explained better by thermal reaction norms of multiple life history traits, covering major aspects of the life cycle. In this study, we compared five populations of a Holarctic, numerically dominant soil microarthropod species, Folsomia quadrioculata, sampled from a wide latitudinal gradient (56–81°N), for growth, development, fecundity, and survival across four temperatures (10, 15, 20, and 25°C) in common garden experiments. We evaluated the extent to which macroclimate could explain differences in thermal adaptation and life history strategies among populations. The common garden experiments revealed large genotypic differences among populations in all the traits, which were little explained by latitude and macroclimate. In addition, the life history strategies (traits combined) hardly revealed any systematic difference related to latitude and macroclimate. The overall performance of the northernmost population from the most stochastic microclimate and the southernmost population, which remains active throughout the year, was least sensitive to the temperature treatments. In contrast, performance of the population from the most predictable microclimate peaked within a narrow temperature range (around 15°C). Our findings revealed limited support for macroclimate-based predictions, and indicated that local soil habitat conditions related to predictability and seasonality might have considerable influence on the evolution of life history strategies of F. quadrioculata. This study highlights the need to combine knowledge on microhabitat characteristics, and demography, with findings from common garden experiments, for identifying the key drivers of life history evolution across large spatial scales, and wide climate gradients. We believe that similar approaches may substantially improve the understanding of adaptation in many terrestrial ectotherms with low dispersal ability.
Fig 3 from: Kenyeres Z, Takács G, Bauer N (2019) Response of orthopterans to macroclimate changes: A 15-year case study in Central European humid grasslands. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 187-193. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34102
Fig 3 Significant decreasing and increasing trends in the relative abundance of some characteristic Orthoptera species in the studied grasslands (2002–2017). Temporal trends were evaluated by the Mann-Kendall trend test.
Fig 2 from: Kenyeres Z, Takács G, Bauer N (2019) Response of orthopterans to macroclimate changes: A 15-year case study in Central European humid grasslands. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 187-193. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34102
Fig 2 Decreasing and increasing trends in the relative abundance of some orthopteran parameters (2002–2017). Temporal trends were evaluated by the Mann-Kendall trend test.
Fig 5 from: Kenyeres Z, Takács G, Bauer N (2019) Response of orthopterans to macroclimate changes: A 15-year case study in Central European humid grasslands. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 187-193. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34102
Fig 5 CCA ordination based on Orthoptera parameters and environmental parameters (Confus: Conocephalus fuscus; Eucdec: Euchorthippus declivus; gra: graminicole species; mo-ata: mean of the monthly active thermic amount (10°C); mo-eta: mean of the monthly effective thermic amount (10°C); m-ther&ther: moderately-thermophilic and thermophilic species; pra: pratinicole species; rain-spr: rainfall in spring; Roeroe: Roeseliana roeselii; s-r: species richness; tem-m: annual mean temperature; tem-min: annual minimum temperature; tem-sum: mean temperature in summer; the: thermophilic species).
Fig 4 from: Kenyeres Z, Takács G, Bauer N (2019) Response of orthopterans to macroclimate changes: A 15-year case study in Central European humid grasslands. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 187-193. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34102
Fig 4 Trends in macroclimate parameters on the studied area (2002–2017). Temporal trends were evaluated by the Mann-Kendall trend test.
Data from: Thermal plasticity in postembryonic life history traits of a widely distributed Collembola: Effects of macroclimate and microhabitat on genotypic differences
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Fig 1 from: Kenyeres Z, Takács G, Bauer N (2019) Response of orthopterans to macroclimate changes: A 15-year case study in Central European humid grasslands. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 187-193. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34102
Fig 1 Location map of the study area in Hungary.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.