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15 results for “macrolichen”
Epiphytic macrolichens in relation to forest management and topography in a western Oregon watershed, 1997-1999 (Berryman thesis)
Epiphytic macrolichen communities were sampled in 117 coniferous stands in Blue River watershed of western Oregon. Stands were sampled across various stand types defined by stand structure, according to age classes of the younger tree cohort and remnant tree retention. Remnant trees were those in an older cohort that remained following a stand disturbance that initiated tree regeneration, such as a timber harvest or natural forest fire. Stands were located in upland and riparian forests of two vascular plant series (western hemlock and true fir). Presence and abundance of all epiphytic macrolichen species were sampled in a 0.4 ha circular Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) plot in the 117 stands. Epiphytic lichen biomass (oven-dried, kg/ha) was estimated for three functional groups: nitrogen-fixing cyanolichens, forage lichens, and matrix lichens in 63 of the 117 stands.
Data from: Parmotrema internexum (Lecanorales: Parmeliaceae): an overlooked macrolichen in southeastern North America highlights the value of basic biodiversity research
Parmotrema internexum is shown to be a morphologically, chemically and phylogenetically distinct species whose occurrence in North America has been previously overlooked and largely based on misidentifications. Prior accounts of the species being similar to P. crinitum but differing in having an adnate thallus, few marginal cilia, and in producing norlobaridone in addition to the stictic acid complex, are confirmed. An extensive review of the taxon, including the use of the name P. internexum in the literature, is provided. Taxonomic treatments of P. crinitum and P. internexum are also provided and both species are illustrated.
Data from: Basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of ascomycete macrolichens
For over 140 years, lichens have been regarded as a symbiosis between a single fungus, usually an ascomycete, and a photosynthesizing partner. Other fungi have long been known to occur as occasional parasites or endophytes, but the one lichen–one fungus paradigm has seldom been questioned. Here we show that many common lichens are composed of the known ascomycete, the photosynthesizing partner, and, unexpectedly, specific basidiomycete yeasts. These yeasts are embedded in the cortex, and their abundance correlates with previously unexplained variations in phenotype. Basidiomycete lineages maintain close associations with specific lichen species over large geographical distances and have been found on six continents. The structurally important lichen cortex, long treated as a zone of differentiated ascomycete cells, appears to consistently contain two unrelated fungi.
FIGURE 10 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 10. Sticta tunjensis (holotype collection). A. Upper side of thallus. B. Lower side of thallus. C. Lower surface enlarged. D. Detail of lower surface. E–G. Detail of marginal isidia from upper and lower side. G. Young lobe tip showing cilia. H. Microscopic section through cyphella showing basal membrane with papillose cells. Scale in A–D = 5 mm, in E and F = 1 mm, in G = 0.5 mm, in H = 10 µm.
FIGURE 9 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 9. Sticta silverstonii (holotype collection). A. Thallus in herbarium showing surface structure. B. Lower surface showing large, contiguous cyphellae. C. Upper surface with apothecia. D. Microscopic section through cyphella showing basal membrane with papillose cells. E. Microscopic section of lower surface showing primary and secondary tomentum. Scale in A and B = 10 mm, in C = 0.5 mm, in D = 5 µm, in E = 20 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 8. Sticta rubropruinosa (holotype collection). A. Upper side of thallus. B. Lower side of thallus. C. Upper surface enlarged. D. Detail of upper surface showing red patches. E–G. Detail of lower tomentum and cyphellae towards thallus center and towards lobe apices. G. Cyphella enlarged showing margin with red spots and K+ emerald-green reaction. H. Microscopic section through thallus and cyphella, showing red pruina on upper surface. Scale in A and B = 10 mm, in C–F = 1 mm, in G = 0.5 mm, in H = 50 µm.
FIGURE 7 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 7. Sticta rhizinata (holotype collection). A. Thallus in situ. B. Lower surface of thallus in situ showing rhizines. C. Thallus in herbarium. D. Lower surface enlarged showing rhizines. E. Marginal isidia. F–G. Detail of marginal isidia. H. Microscopic section through thallus showing lower cortex and moniliform tomentum. Scale in A–D = 5 mm, in E–G = 0.5 mm, in H = 20 µm.
FIGURE 5 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 5. Sticta microcyphellata (holotype collection). A. Upper side of thallus. B. Lower side of thallus. C. Lower surface. D. Lower surface enlarged. E. Detail of lower tomentum and cyphellae. F. Apothecium. G. Microscopic section through thallus and cyphella. H. Microscopic section through thallus enlarged, showing lower tomentum. Scale in A–C = 10 mm, in D = 5 mm, in E and F = 1 mm, in G = 10 µm, in H = 50 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 6. Sticta papillata (A, Lücking 33370; B–E, holotype collection). A. Thallus in situ. B. Lower surface. C. Lower surface enlarged showing marginal cilia. D. Microscopic section through cyphella showing basal membrane with papillose cells. E. Microscopic section of differentiated upper cortex. Scale in A and B = 10 mm, in C = 5 mm, in D = 10 µm, in E = 30 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 4. Sticta maculofuliginosa (holotype collection). A. Thallus in situ. B. Thallus in herbarium. C. Lower surface. D. Lower surface enlarged. E. Maculate surface with laminal isidia. F. Laminal isidia enlarged. G. Microscopic section through thallus and cyphella. H. Microscopic section through thallus and isidium. Scale in A–D = 5 mm, in E and F = 1 mm, in G and H = 50 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 3. Sticta isidiokunthii (A and C–H, holotype collection; B, Lücking 33346). A–B. Thallus in situ. C. Upper and lower surface in the herbarium. D. Apothecia. E. Lower surface enlarged. F. Isidia enlarged. G. Detail of isidia. H. Microscopic section through thallus showing cyphella. Scale in A and B = 10 mm, in C–G = 5 mm, in H = 100 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 1. Sticta arachnofuliginosa (holotype collection). A. Upper lobe surface. B. Upper lobe surface enlarged. C. Lower surface enlarged. D. Isidia enlarged. E. Microscopic section of upper cortex and tomentum. Scale in A = 5 mm, in B = 0.7 mm, in C = 10 mm, in D = 1 mm, in E = 50 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Ten new species of Sticta and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus
FIGURE 2. Sticta arbuscula (holotype collection). A. Thallus. B. Lower surface. C. Upper surface enlarged. D. Lower surface enlarged. E. Laminal isidia enlarged. F. Marginal isidia enlarged. G. Microscopic section through cyphella. H. Microscopic section through cyphella enlarged, showing basal membrane with papillose cells. Scale in A and B = 10 mm, in C and D = 5 mm, in E = 1 mm, in F = 0.5 mm, in G = 50 µm, in H = 10 µm.
Data from: Parmotrema internexum (Lecanorales: Parmeliaceae): an overlooked macrolichen in southeastern North America highlights the value of basic biodiversity research
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Data from: Basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of ascomycete macrolichens
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