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112 results for “maladaptation”
Data for "Neglecting the coupled effect of coastal flooding and erosion can lead to spurious projections and maladaptation"
<p>Data for the reproduction of the figures in the manuscript "Neglecting the coupled effect of coastal flooding and erosion can lead to spurious projections and maladaptation".</p>
Data for: Adaptive, maladaptive, neutral, or absent plasticity: Hidden caveats of reaction norms
<p><span>Adaptive phenotypic plasticity may improve the response of individuals when faced with new environmental conditions. Typically, empirical evidence for plasticity is based on phenotypic reaction norms obtained in reciprocal transplant experiments. In such experiments, individuals from their native environment are transplanted into a different environment, and a number of trait values, potentially implicated in individuals' response to the new environment, are measured. However, the interpretations of reaction norms may differ depending on the nature of the assessed traits, which may not be known beforehand. For example, for traits that contribute to local adaptation, adaptive plasticity implies non-zero slopes of reaction norms. By contrast, for traits that are correlated to fitness, high tolerance to different environments (possibly due to adaptive plasticity in traits that contribute to adaptation) may, instead, </span><span>result in </span><span>flat reaction norms. Here we investigate reaction norms for adaptive versus fitness-correlated traits, and how they may affect the conclusions regarding the contribution of plasticity. To this end, we first simulate range expansion along an environmental gradient where plasticity evolves to different values locally and then perform reciprocal transplant experiments <em>in</em> <em>silico</em>. We show that reaction norms alone cannot inform us whether the assessed trait exhibits locally adaptive, maladaptive, neutral or no plasticity, without any additional knowledge of the traits assessed and species' biology. We use the insights from the model to analyse and interpret empirical data from reciprocal transplant experiments involving the marine isopod <em>Idotea balthica</em> sampled from two </span><span>geographical locations </span><span>with different salinities, concluding that the low-salinity population likely has reduced adaptive plasticity relative to the high-salinity population. Overall, we conclude that, when interpreting results from reciprocal transplant experiments, it is necessary to consider whether traits assessed are locally adaptive with respect to the environmental variable accounted for in the experiments, or correlated to fitness.</span></p>
Data for: Flexible emulation of the climate warming cooling feedback to globally assess the maladaptation implications of future air conditioning use
<p>This dataset contains the code and the data files needed to create the figures shown in the paper titled "Flexible emulation of the climate warming cooling feedback to globally assess the maladaptation implications of future air conditioning use".</p>
Data from: Genetic, phenotypic, and environmental drivers of local adaptation and climate-change induced maladaptation in yellow warblers
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Data for: Adaptive, maladaptive, neutral, or absent plasticity: Hidden caveats of reaction norms
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Data from: Translocation of an arctic seashore plant reveals signs of maladaptation to altered climatic conditions
<p>Ongoing anthropogenic climate change alters the local climatic conditions to which species may be adapted. Information on species' climatic requirements and their intraspecific variation is necessary for predicting the effects of climate change on biodiversity. We used a climatic gradient to test whether populations of two allopatric varieties of an arctic seashore herb (<i>Primula nutans</i> ssp. <i>finmarchica</i>) show adaptation to their local climates and how a future warmer climate may affect them. Our experimental set-up combined a reciprocal translocation within the distribution range of the species with an experiment testing the performance of the sampled populations in warmer climatic conditions south of their range. We monitored survival, size, and flowering over four growing seasons as measures of performance and, thus, proxies of fitness. We found that both varieties performed better in experimental gardens towards the north. Interestingly, highest up in the north, the southern variety outperformed the northern one. Supported by weather data, this suggests that the climatic optima of both varieties have moved at least partly outside their current range. Further warming would make the current environments of both varieties even less suitable. We conclude that <i>Primula nutans</i> ssp. <i>finmarchica</i> is already suffering from adaptational lag due to climate change, and that further warming may increase this maladaptation, especially for the northern variety. The study also highlights that it is not sufficient to run only reciprocal translocation experiments. Climate change is already shifting the optimum conditions for many species and adaptation needs also to be tested outside the current range of the focal taxon in order to include both historic conditions and future conditions.</p>
Data from: Does gene flow aggravate or alleviate maladaptation to environmental stress in small populations?
Environmental change can expose populations to unfamiliar stressors, and maladaptive responses to those stressors may result in population declines or extirpation. Although gene flow is classically viewed as a cause of maladaptation, small and isolated populations experiencing high levels of drift and little gene flow may be constrained in their evolutionary response to environmental change. We provide a case study using the model Trinidadian guppy system that illustrates the importance of considering non-adaptive forces (i.e., gene flow and genetic drift) when predicting (mal)adaptive response to acute stress. We compared population genomic patterns and acute stress responses of inbred guppy populations from headwater streams either with or without a recent history of gene flow from a more diverse mainstem population. Compared to 'no-gene flow' analogues, we found that populations with recent gene flow showed higher genomic variation and increased stress tolerance – but only when exposed to a stress familiar to the mainstem population (heat shock). All headwater populations showed similar responses to a familiar stress in headwater environments (starvation) regardless of gene flow history, whereas exposure to an entirely unfamiliar stress (copper sulphate) showed population-level variation unrelated to environment or recent evolutionary history. Our results suggest that (mal)adaptive responses to acutely stressful environments are determined in part by recent evolutionary history and in part by previous exposure. In some cases, gene flow may provide the variation needed to persist, and eventually adapt, in the face of novel stress.
Adolescents' mental health and maladaptive behaviors before the Covid-19 pandemic and one-year after: analysis of trajectories over time and associated factors
<p>The database reports data about psychopathological indexes in a sample of adolescent students (N=153) assessed before Covid-19 pandemic (T0, November 2019-January 2020) and one year after (T1, April-May 2021).</p>
Warmer temperatures result in maladaptive learning of sexual preferences
<p>1. The impact of learning ability and sexual selection on the climate and biodiversity crisis is currently unclear.</p> <p>2. Using the African butterfly <em>Bicyclus</em> <em>anynana</em>, which shows strong phenotypic plasticity (i.e., polyphenism) in response to temperature, we tested whether learning affects mate preferences under climate warming.</p> <p>3. We first modelled climate warming scenarios and then showed experimentally that as temperature becomes an unreliable cue to the onset of the dry season, adult butterflies displayed the wet season rather than the dry season form.</p> <p>4. Experienced females that were exposed to different male seasonal phenotypes during sexual maturation changed sexual preferences.</p> <p>5. Female fertilization success was reversed for naive compared to experienced females, likely reducing female fitness following climate warming.</p> <p>6. Our results emphasize the importance of sexual selection, learning, and their fitness consequences for understanding (mal)adaptation of natural populations to climate warming.</p>
Allele surfing causes maladaptation in a Pacific salmon of conservation concern
<p>How different factors including demography, recombination or genome duplication may impact selection efficacy and the burden of deleterious mutations in different populations is a central question of evolutionary biology and genetics. Here we show that key evolutionary processes, including variation in effective population size through postglacial change in demography and recombination rates have affected the efficacy of selection and impacted the genetic load in Coho salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus kisutch</em>), a widely distributed salmonid species on the west coast of North America. Using whole genome resequencing data from 14 populations at different travelled migratory distances from their southern glacial refugium, we found support for postglacial gene surfing, with reduced <em>N</em><sub><em>e</em></sub> at the range recolonization front, thus inducing both a reduction in the efficacy of selection and a surf of deleterious alleles in populations evolving at low <em>N</em><sub><em>e</em></sub>. This inference was robust to various proxies of the load. In addition, comparing residual tetrasomic and re-diploidizing regions of the salmon genome, we found support for a prime role of recombination rates in shaping the within-genome variation of the load. Overall, our empirical results are remarkably consistent with expectations under the nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution. We discuss the fundamental and applied implications of these findings for evolutionary and conservation genomics.</p> <p> </p>
Climate change and maladaptive wing shortening in a long-distance migratory bird
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Data from: Translocation of an arctic seashore plant reveals signs of maladaptation to altered climatic conditions
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Warmer temperatures result in maladaptive learning of sexual preferences
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Data from: Maladaptation beyond a geographic range limit driven by antagonistic and mutualistic biotic interactions across an abiotic gradient
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Data from: Does gene flow aggravate or alleviate maladaptation to environmental stress in small populations?
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How useful is genomic data for predicting maladaptation to future climate?
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Data from: Maladapted prey subsidize predators and facilitate range expansion
Dispersal of prey from predator-free patches frequently supplies a trophic subsidy to predators by providing more prey than are produced locally. Prey arriving from predator-free patches might also have evolved weaker defenses against predators and thus enhance trophic subsidies by providing easily captured prey. Using local models assuming a linear or accelerating tradeoff between defense and population growth rate, we demonstrate that immigration of undefended prey increased predator abundances and decreased defended prey through eco-evolutionary apparent competition. In individual-based models with spatial structure, explicit genetics, and gene flow along an environmental gradient, prey became maladapted to predators at the predator's range edge, and greater gene flow enhanced this maladaptation. The predator gained a subsidy from these easily captured prey, which enhanced its abundance, facilitated it's persistence in marginal habitats, extended its range extent, and enhanced range shifts during environmental changes, such as climate change. Once the predator expanded, prey adapted to it, and the advantage disappeared, resulting in an elastic predator range margin driven by eco-evolutionary dynamics. Overall, the results indicate a need to consider gene flow-induced maladaptation and species interactions as mutual forces that frequently determine ecological and evolutionary dynamics and patterns in nature.
Data from: Reproduction under light pollution: maladaptive response to spatial variation in artificial light in a glow-worm
<p>The amount of artificial light at night is growing worldwide, impacting the behaviour of nocturnal organisms. Yet, we know little about the consequences of these behavioural responses for individual fitness and population viability. We investigated if females of the common glow-worm <i>Lampyris noctiluca</i> – which glow in the night to attract males – mitigate negative effects of artificial light on mate attraction by adjusting the timing and location of glowing to spatial variation in light conditions. We found females do not move away from light when exposed to a gradient of artificial light, but delay or even refrain from glowing. Further, we demonstrate that this response is maladaptive, as our field study showed that staying still when exposed to artificial light from a simulated streetlight decreases mate attraction success, while moving only a short distance from the light source can markedly improve mate attraction. These results indicate that glow-worms are unable to respond to spatial variation in artificial light, which may be a factor in their global decline. Consequently, our results support the hypothesis that animals often lack adaptive behavioural responses to anthropogenic environmental changes and underlines the importance of considering behavioural responses when investigating effects of human activities on wildlife.</p>
Maladaptive migration behaviour in hybrids links to predator-mediated ecological selection
<p>1. Different migratory species have evolved distinct migratory characteristics that improve fitness in their particular ecological niches. However, when such species hybridize, migratory traits from parental species can combine maladaptively and cause hybrids to fall between parental fitness peaks, with potential consequences for hybrid viability and species integrity. 2. Here, we take advantage of a natural cross-breeding incident to study migratory behaviour in naturally occurring hybrids as well as in their parental species and explore links between migratory traits and predation risk. 3. To achieve this, we used electronic tags and passive telemetry to record detailed individual migration patterns (timing and number of migratory trips) in two common freshwater fish species, roach (Rutilus rutilus), common bream (Abramis brama) as well as their hybrids. Next, we scanned for tags regurgitated by a key avian predator (great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo) at nearby roosting sites, allowing us to directly link migratory behaviour to predation risk in the wild. 4. We found that hybrid individuals showed a higher number of short, multi-trip movements between lake and stream habitats as compared to both parental species. The mean date of first lake departure differed between bream and roach by more than 10 days, while hybrids departed in two distinct peaks that overlapped with the parental species' averages. Moreover, the probability of cormorant predation increased with multi-trip movement frequency across species and was higher for hybrids. 5. Our data provide novel insights into hybrid viability, with links to predator-mediated ecological selection. Increased exposure to predators via maladaptive migratory behaviour reduces hybrid survival and can thereby reinforce species integrity.</p>
Data from: Adult exposure to ocean acidification is maladaptive for larvae of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata in the presence of multiple stressors
Parental effects passed from adults to their offspring have been identified as a source of rapid acclimation that may allow marine populations to persist as our surface oceans continue to decrease in pH. Little is known, however, whether parental effects are beneficial for offspring in the presence of multiple stressors. We exposed adults of the oyster Saccostrea glomerata to elevated CO2 and examined the impacts of elevated CO2 (control = 392; 856 µatm) combined with elevated temperature (control = 24; 28°C), reduced salinity (control = 35; 25) and reduced food concentration (control = full; half diet) on their larvae. Adult exposure to elevated CO2 had a positive impact on larvae reared at elevated CO2 as a sole stressor, which were 8% larger and developed faster at elevated CO2 compared with larvae from adults exposed to ambient CO2. These larvae, however, had significantly reduced survival in all multistressor treatments. This was particularly evident for larvae reared at elevated CO2 combined with elevated temperature or reduced food concentration, with no larvae surviving in some treatment combinations. Larvae from CO2-exposed adults had a higher standard metabolic rate. Our results provide evidence that parental exposure to ocean acidification may be maladaptive when larvae experience multiple stressors.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.