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109 results for “mammal community”
Effects of large mammal herbivory on salt marsh invertebrate communities varies with grazing type
We studied mammalian grazing (cattle, feral horses, and artificial grazing) on three barrier islands on the coast of Georgia, USA. All three grazing types altered invertebrate community composition, but in different ways. Cattle grazing had the most negative impact on plant height, chlorophyll content and toughness, and on the density and diversity of invertebrates, while artificial grazing produced some positive effects on planthoppers, herbivorous Chaetopsis spp. flies, and spiders. Although the responses to grazing of some plant traits and some invertebrate taxa were variable, plant height and katydid (Orchelimum fidicinium) density were consistently reduced by the three grazing types. Katydids did not have a feeding preference for grazed versus ungrazed plants, but grew better on ungrazed plants.
Fig. 5 in Habitat Preferences And Activity Patterns Of The Larger Mammal Community In Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia
Fig. 5. Mean Relative Abundance Indice (± SEM) for 12 most frequently encountered mammal species in PPWS at camera trap locations closer (black bars) and further (open bars) than 11-km from nearest village. RM red muntjac; EWP Eurasian wild pig; B banteng; E Asian elephant; LIC large Indian civet; EAP east Asian porcupine; L leopard; CPC common palm civet; D dhole; LC leopard cat; G gaur; and PTM pig-tailed macaque.
Fig. 4 in Habitat Preferences And Activity Patterns Of The Larger Mammal Community In Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia
Fig. 4. Mean Relative Abundance Indices (± SEM) for 12 most frequently encountered mammal species in PPWS at camera trap locations in DDF (black bars) and SEGF (open bars). RM red muntjac; EWP Eurasian wild pig; B banteng; E Asian elephant; LIC large Indian civet; EAP east Asian porcupine; L leopard; CPC common palm civet; D dhole; LC leopard cat; G gaur; and PTM pig-tailed macaque.
Fig.6 in Habitat Preferences And Activity Patterns Of The Larger Mammal Community In Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia
Fig.6. Activity patterns, % of all encounters within each hour, of red muntjacs and Eurasian wild pigs from camera-traps in PPWS.
Fig. 2 in Habitat Preferences And Activity Patterns Of The Larger Mammal Community In Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia
Fig. 2. Increase in species richness (species recorded) with total cumulative number of camera trap nights within Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary (Dec 08–Aug 09).
Land cover preferences and spatiotemporal associations of ungulates within a Scottish mammal community
<p>In the degraded and modified environment of the Scottish Highlands, novel ungulate communities have arisen following local extinctions, reintroductions, and the introduction of non-native species. An understanding of the dynamics and interactions within these unique mammal communities is important as many of these mammals represent keystone species with disproportionate impacts on the environment. Using a camera trap survey, we investigated land cover preferences and spatiotemporal interactions within a Scottish ungulate community: the sika deer (<em>Cervus nippon</em>), the roe deer (<em>Capreolus capreolus</em>), the red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>), and the wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>). We used generalised linear models to assess land cover preferences and the effect of human disturbance; spatiotemporal interactions were characterised using time interval modelling. We found sika deer and roe deer preferred coniferous plantations and grasslands, with sika deer additionally preferring woodland. For red deer, we found a slight preference for wetland over woodland; however, the explained variance was low. Finally, wild boar preferred grassland and woodland and avoided coniferous plantations, heathland, and shrubland. Contrary to our expectations, we found no evidence that human disturbance negatively impacted ungulates distributions, potentially because ungulates temporally avoid humans or because dense vegetation cover mitigates the impacts of humans on their distributions. Furthermore, we detected a spatiotemporal association between sika deer and roe deer. Although the underlying cause of this is unknown, we hypothesise that interactions such as grazing facilitation or an anti-predator response to culling could be driving this pattern. Our work provides a preliminary analysis of the dynamics occurring within a novel ungulate community, but also highlights current knowledge gaps in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms dictating the observed spatiotemporal associations.</p>
Supporting data: Land-use change alters the mechanisms assembling rainforest mammal communities in Borneo
<p>These supporting data files were used in the analyses for a forthcoming<em> </em>paper (DOI to be confirmed). The two files consist of: </p> <p>1. Combined camera trap and live trap species-abundance matrix. Each row corresponds to a separate location, with species in different columns. Old-growth forest, logged forest and oil palm plantation locations have the prefixes "Old", "Log" and "Palm", respectively. Values in each cell are the number of independent captures (as defined in the paper) per seven days summed over the camera- and live-trapping protocols.</p> <p>2. Covariate data for each location, covering habitat structure, topography and local landscape context (covariates as defined in the paper). </p>
Resource availability alters breeding strategies in a small mammal community
<p>Following a resource pulse, animals may finance reproduction by consuming concurrently available resources (income breeding) or by storing resources for future reproduction (capital breeding). Understanding how these reproductive strategies are used is important for determining the ecological mechanisms that structure the timing of reproduction and that drive interannual population fluctuations in animals. We gathered a reproductive dataset for five small mammal species over a 12-year period in Northeastern USA during which six masting events of American beech (<em>Fagus grandifolia</em>) and eastern hemlock (<em>Tsuga canadensis</em>) occurred. Masting created alternate years where seeds were either available late (masting year) or early (cached from the previous year) in the breeding season. The small mammal species differed in reliance on seeds and overwintering strategies. We quantified the diet using stable isotopes and recorded reproduction timing, proportion breeding, and litter size in females and testes size in males. Timing of seed availability minimally affected litter size but strongly affected proportion breeding and timing of reproduction. During masting years (late seed availability), a higher proportion of females reproduced, with breeding taking place later in the season (lactation timed with peak seed availability), although the delay was restricted in <em>Napaeozapus insignis</em>, an obligate hibernator. After a fall mast, cached seeds were used as capital in the following spring (early seed availability) to support a litter that, depending on the species, occurred 24 to 79 days sooner than a mast year. No late-season reproduction occurred in years with early seed availability except for <em>Myodes gapperi</em> which produced a second litter, likely financed by fungal consumption. Males also showed strong responses to seed availability, mirroring female reproduction with testes size staying constant in years with late seed availability and sharply decreasing over the breeding season in years with early seed availability. Our results highlight that although photoperiod and temperature broadly set the bounds of the breeding season in temperate environments, resource availability influences the reproductive strategies that species use, which in turn alters reproductive timing and can drive large inter-annual population fluctuations. Differences in overwintering strategies and diet may further modulate reproductive timing and output relative to resource pulses.</p>
FIGURE 4 in What are the best modern analogs for ancient South American mammal communities? Evidence from ecological diversity analysis (EDA)
FIGURE 4. Linear regression of MAP on correspondence axis 1 (CA1) score; estimated MAP for each of fossil locality based on CA1 score is indicated. Abbreviations: LV, La Venta; QH, Quebrada Honda; RU, Rümikon; SC, Santa Cruz; TG, Tinguiririca.
FIGURE 6. Classification Tree results and predictions for the five fossil localities. A in What are the best modern analogs for ancient South American mammal communities? Evidence from ecological diversity analysis (EDA)
FIGURE 6. Classification Tree results and predictions for the five fossil localities. A) Results and predictions for CT1, vegetative cover. B) Results and predictions for CT2, biogeographic realm. Abbreviations: LV, La Venta; QH, Quebrada Honda; RU, Rümikon; SC, Santa Cruz; TG, Tinguiririca.
FIGURE 3 in What are the best modern analogs for ancient South American mammal communities? Evidence from ecological diversity analysis (EDA)
FIGURE 3. Axes three and four of the correspondence analysis. A) Positions of the fossil localities and 179 modern ecoregions; B) Positions of the 22 variables. Note that the scale is not the same in the two graphs.
FIGURE 2 in What are the best modern analogs for ancient South American mammal communities? Evidence from ecological diversity analysis (EDA)
FIGURE 2. Axes one and two of the correspondence analysis. A) Positions of the fossil localities and 179 modern ecoregions; B) Positions of the 22 variables. Note that the scale is not the same in the two graphs.
FIGURE 1 in What are the best modern analogs for ancient South American mammal communities? Evidence from ecological diversity analysis (EDA)
FIGURE 1. Locations of the 179 modern ecoregions (colored areas) and the five fossil localities (stars) used in this study. Ecoregions are overlain on a grayscale global mean annual precipitation (MAP) map derived from Fick and Hijmans (2017), with lighter regions indicating areas of higher MAP and darker regions indicating areas of lower MAP. Abbreviations: LV, La Venta, Colombia; QH, Quebrada Honda, Bolivia; RU, Rümikon, Switzerland; SC, Santa Cruz, Argentina; TG, Tinguiririca, Chile.
FIGURE 7 in What are the best modern analogs for ancient South American mammal communities? Evidence from ecological diversity analysis (EDA)
FIGURE 7. Classification Tree results for CT3, biome. Abbreviations: LV, La Venta; QH, Quebrada Honda; RU, Rümikon; SC, Santa Cruz; TG, Tinguiririca.
FIGURE 5 in What are the best modern analogs for ancient South American mammal communities? Evidence from ecological diversity analysis (EDA)
FIGURE 5. Composite hierarchical cluster analysis with the positions of the five fossil localities (dagger symbols) indicated. Solid black lines indicate the results when all five fossil localities are included in the analysis; dashed black lines indicate the results when each fossil locality is analyzed individually. The position of Rümikon did not vary in the two analysis. Abbreviations: LV, La Venta; QH, Quebrada Honda; RU, Rümikon; SC, Santa Cruz; TG, Tinguiririca.
Fig. 4 in A community analysis approach to parasite transmission in multi-host systems: Assemblages of small mammal prey and Echinococcus multilocularis in an urban area in North America
Fig. 4. Map showing the geographic distribution of three small mammal assemblage types predicted for the City of Calgary area by a multinomial logistic regression (MLR) model associating the environmental variables to assemblage types, developed from data collected in 2012 and 2013 (Liccioli et al., 2014). Note how large portion of BWM and NHP were classified as assemblage 1 as expected, but also large portion of FCPP, where it was not expected.
Fig. 1 in A community analysis approach to parasite transmission in multi-host systems: Assemblages of small mammal prey and Echinococcus multilocularis in an urban area in North America
Fig. 1. Study sites for the characterization of the small mammal assemblages in urban Calgary, AB, Canada in 2012–2013, showing the location of five areas in Urban Calgary and detailed map of Bowmont, Southland Lowlands, and Weaselhead. Bowmont (BM), Fishcreek Provincial Park (FCPP), Nose Hill Park (NHP), Southland Lowlands (SL), and Weaselhead (WSH).
Fig. 2 in A community analysis approach to parasite transmission in multi-host systems: Assemblages of small mammal prey and Echinococcus multilocularis in an urban area in North America
Fig. 2. Dendrograms derived from the Bray-Curtis similarity of small mammal assemblages in five parks and natural areas in urban Calgary, AB, Canada, 2012–2013. a) Dendrogram using abundance data and group-average clustering algorithm. The dashed line indicates the cluster cut-off line of 45% similarity. Symbols for each site indicate the prevalence of definitive hosts (EmDH) and presence (1) or absence (0) of infected small mammals (EmIH). b) Dendrogram using abundance data and complete-linkage clustering algorithm. Note how it is similar to the dendrogram using group-average algorithm. c) Dendrogram using proportion data and group-average clustering algorithm. Note how all BM sites are in single cluster and all NHP sites and most sites are in another cluster, similar to the dendrogram using abundance data.
Fig. 2 in Small-mammal characteristics affect tick communities in southwestern Tennessee (USA)
Fig. 2. Mean number of ticks per host by sex and age of rodent hosts (Peromyscus leucopus, Sigmodon hispidus, Peromyscus maniculatus, Microtus pinetorum, and Ochrotomys nuttalli) captured at Hobart Ames Plantation, Fayette and Hardeman counties, Tennessee.
Fig. 1 in Small-mammal characteristics affect tick communities in southwestern Tennessee (USA)
Fig. 1. Number of ticks present on rodent hosts (Peromyscus leucopus, Sigmodon hispidus, Peromyscus maniculatus, Microtus pinetorum, and Ochrotomys nuttalli) captured at the Hobart Ames Plantation, Fayette and Hardeman counties, Tennessee. (a) Number of ticks by host sex x weight interaction (males y = 0.009x + 2.135; females y = 0.022x - 0.09). (b) Number of ticks by host age x weight interaction (adult y = 0.051x + 0.203; subadult = 0.310x - 3.499).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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